基于反求的医疗辅助弹性护具应变能的计算

提出了基于反求工程的医疗辅助弹性护具的设计方法,推导出弹性护具应变能的计算公 式. 设计中应用网格简化技术减少扫描数据以及参数化技术将三维转化为二维进行计算,减 少了网格点应变能的计算量,提高了设计效率. 应用应变能密度函数建立起弹性护具几何尺 寸与应变能之间的关系,为医生或患者科学地选择医疗护具提供了依据.     

Effect of dentin tubules to the mechanical properties of dentin. Part II: Experimental study

To verify the theoretical models of varying transversely isotropic stress-strain relations of dentin established in the preceding work (Part I), we perform a set of experiments. Because of the very fine tooth size, it usually seems to be difficult to directly measure the inhomogeneous and anisotropic parameters of dentin. In this paper, by the digital speckle correlation method, tensile experiments are made on the small dentin samples either parallel or perpendicular to the dentin tubules. With the theoretically predicted elastic stress-strain relations, an optimization method is proposed to fit the strain curve adapted to the experimental data. The results show that the theoretical elastic stress-strain relations coincides very well with the experimental observations. The determined Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of dentin matrix are 29.5 GPa and 0.44, respectively, in the optimization sense. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19525207)     

Free axisymmetric vibration of transversely isotropic laminated circular plates

Based on the three dimensional elastic theory, the state equation of the axisymmetric free vibration of transversely isotropic circular plates is established. Taking the advantage of finite Hankel transform, two exact solutions are derived for two boundary conditions, i. e. the rigid-slipping boundary and elastic simply supported boundary. Finally, numerical results are presented and compared with those of FEM. The project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation.     

Elastic-plastic constitutive relation of particle reinforced composites

In this paper, a systematic approach is proposed to obtain the macroscopic elastic-plastic constitutive relation of particle reinforced composites (PRC). The strain energy density of PRC is analyzed based on the cell model, and the analytical formula for the macro-constitutive relation of PRC is obtained. The strength effects of volume fraction of the particle and the strain hardening exponent of matrix material on the macro-constitutive relation are investigated, the relation curve of strain versus stress of PRC is calculated in detail. The present results are consistent with the results given in the existing references. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19704100) and National Science Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Project KJ951-1-20).     

BEM for simulation of a 2D elastic body with randomly distributed circular inclusions

Based on our 2D BEM software THBEM2 which can be applied to the simulation of an elastic body with randomly distributed identical circular holes, a scheme of BEM for the simulation of elastic bodies with randomly distributed circular inclusions is proposed. The numerical examples given show that the boundary element method is more accurate and more effective than the finite element method for such a problem. The scheme presented can also be successfully used to estimate the effective elastic properties of composite materials. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19772025).     

Cavitation in hookean elastic membranes

An exact solution to cavitation is found in tension of a class of Cauchy elastic membranes. The constitutive relationship of materials is based on Hookean elastic law and finite logarithmic strain measure. A variable transformation is used in solving the two-point boundary-value problem of nonlinear ordinary differential equation. A simple formula to calculate the critical stretch for cavitation is derived. As the numerical results, the bifurcation curves describing void nucleation and suddenly rapidly growth of the cavity are obtained. The boundary layers of displacements and stresses near the cavity wall are observed. The cata-strophic transition from homogeneous to cavitated deformation and the jumping of stress distribution are discussed. The result of the energy comparison shows the cavitated deformation has lower energy than the homogeneous one, thus the state of cavitated deformation is relatively stable. All investigations illustrate that cavitation reflects a local behavior of materials. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19802012) the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, and the Scientific Research Foundation for Key Teachers in Chinese Universities.     

Spinodal surface instability of soft elastic thin films

When the thicknesses of thin films reduce to microns or even nanometers, surface energy and surface interaction often play a significant role in their deformation behavior and surface morphology. The spinodal surface instability induced by the van der Waals force in a soft elastic thin film perfectly bonded to a rigid substrate is investigated theoretically using the bifurcation theory of elastic structures. The analytical solution is derived for the critical condition of spinodal surface morphology instability by accounting for the competition of the van der Waals interaction energy, elastic strain energy and surface energy. Detailed examinations on the effect of surface energy, thickness and elastic properties of the film show that the characteristic wavelength of the deformation bifurcation mode depends on the film thickness via an exponential relation, with the power index in the range from 0.749 to 1.0. The theoretical solution has a good agreement with relevant experiment results.     

Effective elastic moduli of inhomogeneous solids by embedded cell model

An embedded cell model is presented to obtain the effective elastic moduli for three-dimensional two-phase composites which is an exact analytic formula without any simplified approximation and can be expressed in an explicit form. For the different cells such as spherical inclusions and cracks surrounded by sphere and oblate ellipsoidal matrix, the effective elastic moduli are evaluated and the results are compared with those from various micromechanics models. These results show that the present model is direct, simple and efficient to deal with three-dimensional two-phase composites. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19704100) and the National Natural Science Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KJ951-1-201)     

Optimal placement of piezoelectric active bars in vibration control by topological optimization

A continuous variable optimization method and a topological optimization method are proposed for the vibration control of piezoelectric truss structures by means of the optimal placements of active bars. In this optimization model, a zero-one discrete variable is defined in order to solve the optimal placement of piezoelectric active bars. At the same time, the feedback gains are also optimized as continuous design variables. A two-phase procedure is proposed to solve the optimization problem. The sequential linear programming algorithm is used to solve optimization problem and the sensitivity analysis is carried out for objective and constraint functions to make linear approximations. On the basis of the Newmark time integration of structural transient dynamic responses, a new sensitivity analysis method is developed in this paper for the vibration control problem of piezoelectric truss structures with respect to various kinds of design variables. Numerical examples are given in the paper to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methods.     

Study for 2D moving contact elastic body with closed crack using BEM

Using a sub-regional boundary element method, an algorithm for the two-dimensional elastic bodies with a closed crack loaded by a moving contact elastic body is proposed. Since the extent and status of the contact surface of two elastic bodies and the crack within the body are all not known in advance, a double iterative contact algorithm is used. The BEM program for solving the closed crack problems is developed, some numerical examples are calculated, and the results of the center crack cases are shown to be in good agreement with the analytical solution in the classical fracture mechanics. In the condition of friction and non-friction, some coupling computational results of the SIF for the closed crack, with different angles and loaded by a moving contact elastic body, are also obtained by a numerical computation. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10172053) and NJTU Foundation of China (PD-157)     

A generalized self-consistent Mori-Tanaka model for predicting the effective moduli of the coated inclusion based composite materials

The weak point of the generalized self-consistent method (GSCM) is that its solution for the effective shear moduli involves determining the complicated displacement and strain fields in constitutents. Furthermore, the effective moduli estimated by GSCM cannot be expressed in an explicit form. Instead of following the procedure of GSCM, in this paper a generalized self-consistent Mori-Tanaka method (GSCMTM) is developed by means of Hill's interface condition and the assumption that the strain in the inclusion is uniform. A comparison with the existing theoretical and experimental results shows that the present GSCMTM is sufficiently accurate to predict the effective moduli of the coated inclusion-based composite materials. Moreover, it is interesting to find that the application of Hill's interface condition in volumetric domain is equivalent to the Mori-Tanaka average field approximation. This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation.     

Convex-model analysis of the seismic response

I.IntroductionThemaximumresponseofastructureisoftenusedasthebasisfordesigning.Drenick(l968,l97o),Shinozuka(l97O)andmanyotherauthorshaveusedthemaximumresponsetoseismicexcitationasadesigncriterion.Theresponse-spectrumtheoryinseismicdesignisalsobasedonthemax…     

A constitutive relation for pseudo-elastic behaviour in shape memory alloys

A constitutive relation to describe pseudo-elastic deformation in shape memory alloys is presented in this paper. It is capable of describing deformation behaviour of polycrystalline materials under triaxial stress state as well as of monocrystalline materials under one-dimensional condition. Total strain rate is supposed to be composed of elastic strain rate and transformation strain rate. Deformation behaviour of Cu−Zn−Sn alloy and Ti−ni alloy is simulated by use of the proposed constitutive relation. it is shown that simulated results are in a good agreement with experimental data. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Higher order asymptotic solution of mode I crack growth in elastic-perfectly plastic media

A higher order asymptotic solution of near-tip field is studied for plane-atrain Mode-I quasi-static steady crack growth in the incompressible (v=1/2) elastic perfectly-plastic media. The results show that the near-tip stress and strain are fully continuous, and the strain possesses In (A/r) singularity at the crack tip. The expressions of the stress, strain and velocity in each region are also given. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

基于遗传算法的抗震钢框架多目标优化设计

考虑抗震钢框架优化问题具有多目标的特点，在遗传算法的基础上对抗震钢框架多目 标优化设计进行了探讨. 在无约束Pareto排序遗传算法的基础上，提出了一个简单、实用 而又可以避免采用罚函数的全新排序方法，在此基础上形成了一种求解有约束多目标优化 问题的Pareto遗传算法(CMOPGA), 并给出了具体的算法流程图. 以钢框架重量最轻和结构 总动应变能最小为目标，基于相关的设计规范，给出了抗震钢框架多目标优化问题的一种合 理提法. 采用CMOPGA对一个两跨六层抗震钢框架实例进行了多目标优化设计，并提出了一 个在Pareto最优解集的基础上选取妥协解的相对最小距离妥协原则. 算例结果表明，采用 CMOPGA求解抗震钢框架多目标优化问题是可行和有效的.     

Some remarks on nonlocal interactions and hysteresis in phase transitions

This paper examines models of shape memory alloys in which the usual multiwell, nonconvex elastic energy is modified by the addition of a nonlocal interaction term. It is shown that minimizing such an energy over uniform Young-measures yields a good prediction of hysteresis in a material subjected to biaxial loading. In addition, the relationship between the nonlocal interaction energy and the coherency energy is discussed.This work has been partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grants number DMS-9204304 and DMS-9403844     

Optimum design of composite laminates

A new procedure for the optimum layup design of composite laminates is described in this paper. In this method the global optimum search and local relaxing constraints are adequately combined together. The design variables are divided and applied in separate processes. A 16-node hybrid semi-Loof element model is used in the global structure analysis. The iterative complex method is adopted in the optimization. The method is suitable for the minimum weight design of a laminate subjected to the strength and stiffness constraints under multiple loading. The numerical results demonstrate the high efficiency and reliability of the present method.The project was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

A 1D time-domain method for in-plane wave motions in a layered half-space

A 1D finite element method in time domain is developed in this paper and applied to calculate in-plane wave motions of free field exited by SV or P wave oblique incidence in an elastic layered half-space. First, the layered half-space is discretized on the basis of the propagation characteristic of elastic wave according to the Snell law. Then, the finite element method with lumped mass and the central difference method are incorporated to establish 2D wave motion equations, which can be transformed into 1D equations by discretization principle and explicit finite element method. By solving the 1D equations, the displacements of nodes in any vertical line can be obtained, and the wave motions in layered half-space are finally determined based on the characteristic of traveling wave. Both the theoretical analysis and the numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method has high accuracy and good stability. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50478014), the National 973 Program (2007CB714200) and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (8061003). The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

Crack tip field andJ-integral with strain gradient effect

The mode I plane strain crack tip field with strain gradient effects is presented in this paper based on a simplified strain gradient theory within the framework proposed by Acharya and Bassani. The theory retains the essential structure of the incremental version of the conventionalJ ₂ deformation theory. No higher-order stress is introduced and no extra boundary value conditions beyond the conventional ones are required. The strain gradient effects are considered in the constitutive relation only through the instantaneous tangent modulus. The strain gradient measures are included into the tangent modulus as internal parameters. Therefore the boundary value problem is the same as that in the conventional theory. Two typical crack problems are studied: (a) the crack tip field under the small scale yielding condition induced by a linear elastic mode-IK-field and (b) the complete field for a compact tension specimen. The calculated results clearly show that the stress level near the crack tip with strain gradient effects is considerable higher than that in the classical theory. The singularity of the strain field near the crack tip is nearly equal to the square-root singularity and the singularity of the stress field is slightly greater than it. Consequently, theJ-integral is no longer path independent and increases monotonically as the radius of the calculated circular contour decreases. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (19704100 and 10202023) and the Natural Science Foundation of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJ951-1-20)     

A viscoplastic model based on no-yield-surface concept

The elastic/viscoplastic constitutive equation which describes deformation law of metal materials was suggested based on no-yield-surface concept and thermal activation theory of dislocation. The equation which takes account of effects of strain-rate, strain history, strain-rate history, hardening and temperature has stronger physical basis. Comparison of the theoretical prediction with experimental results of mechanical behaviours of Ti under conditions of uniaxial stress and room temperature shows good consistency.The Projects Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China