NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF 2D FIBER-REINFORCED COMPOSITES USING BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD

Introduction Withthedevelopmentofmodernindustry,compositesareincreasinglybeingappliedto agreatnumberofimportantstructures.Todeterminethemacroscopicaleffective characteristicsofcompositesisanessentialprobleminmanyengineeringapplications.The macroscopicalef…     

Application of a new fast multipole BEM for simulation of 2D elastic solid with large number of inclusions

A fast multipole method (FMM) is applied for BEM to reduce both the operation and memory requirement in dealing with very large scale problems. In this paper, a new version of fast multipole BEM for 2D elastostatics is presented and used for simulation of 2D elastic solid with a large number of randomly distributed inclusions combined with a similar subregion approach. Generalized minimum residual method (GMRES) is used as an iterative solver to solve the equation system formed by BEM iteratively. The numerical results show that the scheme presented is applicable to certain large scale problems. The project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (10172053) and the Ministry of Education     

炭黑增强橡胶复合材料力学行为的三维数值模拟

本文基于炭黑填充橡胶复合材料具有周期性细观结构的假设,采用一种新的、改进的随机序列吸附算法建立了三维多球颗粒随机分布式代表性体积单元,并通过细观力学有限元方法对炭黑颗粒填充橡胶复合材料的力学行为进行了模拟仿真。研究结果表明：采用改进的随机序列吸附算法所建立的模型更加便于有限元离散化;模拟中周期性边界条件的约束,使其更加符合实际约束的真实情况;炭黑填充橡胶复合材料的有效模量明显高于未填充橡胶材料,并随着炭黑颗粒所占体积分数的增加而增大;通过比较发现,本文提出的多球颗粒随机分布式三维数值模型对复合材料的应力-应变行为和有效弹性模量的预测结果与实验结果吻合良好,证实了该模型能够用于炭黑颗粒增强橡胶基复合材料有效性能的模拟分析。     

快速多极虚边界元法对含圆孔薄板有效弹性模量的模拟分析

针对虚边界元法,引入快速多极展开和广义极小残值法(GMRES)的思想,以形成快速多极虚边界元法的求解思想,并将此方法用于含圆孔薄板有效弹性模量的模拟分析.由于本文方法采用了"源点"多极展开和"场点"局部展开的组合处理方案,从而使得原问题方程组求解的计算耗时量和储存量降至与所求问题的计算自由度数成线性比例.本文工作的研究目的在于:提高虚边界元法在普通台式机上的运算能力和拓宽虚边界元法对大规模复杂问题的求解(或数值模拟).文中给出了均布圆孔的正方形薄板和之字形分布圆孔薄板二个算例,以验证该方法的可行性,计算精度和计算效率.     

一种求解瑞利波散射问题的修正边界元方法

边界元法的一大优势是用于求解半空间等无限域问题,然而对于弹性波的传播问题,传统边界元法在采用全平面或全空间格林函数时,在截断边界处仍会产生虚假的反射回波,直接影响到散射场的求解准确性。因此,本文在传统边界元法基础上提出一种修正边界元法,用于计算无限大半平面中的弹性波场问题。该方法以瑞利波形式的远端散射场代替原本因截断而舍去的部分,通过互易定理建立单位瑞利波和全平面格林函数的积分方程,求得修正系数,并代入修正边界元矩阵,计算出瑞利波的散射场。为验证本文所提方法,文中将多个算例的结果与解析解对比,并用该方法计算了不同缺陷的散射场。这些对比结果表明,本文所提修正边界元法可准确求解瑞利波散射场,为基于表面波的缺陷反演问题研究提供了有效的正演途径。     

求解二维结构-声耦合问题的一种半数值半解析方法

基于传递矩阵法和虚拟源强模拟技术提出了一种求解在谐激励作用下二维结构-声相互作用问题的半数值半解析法．在足够小的积分步长内，文中对任意形状弹性环沿周向曲线坐标的非齐次状态微分方程组，建立了一种齐次扩容方法．对于外声场，采用多圆形虚拟源强配置方案。并在每一条圆形配置曲线上将源强密度函数用Fourier级数展开，同时结合快速Fourier变换法，提出了一种高精度、高效率求解任意形状二维孔穴Helmholtz外问题的快速算法．在耦合方程的求解方面，根据叠加原理，将外激励和虚拟源强的Fourier级数展开项作为广义力分别作用在弹性环上，借助齐次扩容方法和精细积分法求得弹性环的状态向量，再利用流固交接条件和最小二乘法直接建立了耦合系统的求解方程．文中给出了二个典型弹性环在集中谐激励力作用下声辐射算例，计算结果表明该文方法较通常采用的混合FE-BE法更为有效．     

A SEMI－ANALYTICAL AND SEMI－NUMERICAL METHOD FOR SOLVING 2－D SOUND－STRUCTURE INTERACTION PROBLEMS

Based on the transfer matrix method and the virtual source simulation technique,this paper proposes a novel semi-analytical and semi-numerical method for solving 2-D sound-structure interaction problems under a harmonic excitation. Within any integration segment,as long as its length is small enough, along the circumferential curvilinear coordinate, the nonhomogeneous matrix differential equation of an elastic ring of complex geometrical shape can be rewritten in terms of the homogeneous one by the method of extended homogeneous capacity proposed in this paper. For the exterior fluid domain, the multi-circular virtual source simulation technique is adopted. The source density distributed on each virtual circular curve may be ex-panded as the Fourier‘‘s series. Combining with the inverse fast Fourier transformation, a higher accuracy and efficiency method for solving 2-D exterior Helmholtz‘s problems is presented in this paper. In the aspect of solution to the coupling equations, the state vectors of elastic ring induced by the given harmonic excitation and generalized forces of coefficients of the Fourier series can be obtained respectively by using a high precision integration scheme combined with the method of extended homogeneous capacity put forward in this paper. According to the superposition principle and compatibility conditions at the interface between the elastic ring and fluid, the algebraic equation of system can be directly constructed by using the least square approximation. Examples of acoustic radiation from two typical fluid-loaded elastic rings under a harmonic concentrated force are presented. Numerical results show that the method proposed is more efficient than the mixed FE-BE method in common use.     

边界元法应用的若干近期研究

边界元法是在有限元法等其它数值方法的推动和竞争下发展的,作为一种数值方法,发展其实际应用至关重要,本文扼要介绍作者们近期近作若干工作,其中包括：二维弹性体移动接触和滚动接触,网络要群环境下边界元并行计算,以及二维三维边界元实用软件及应用等。     

应用边界积分法求圆形夹杂问题的解析解

边界元方法作为一种数值方法, 在各种科学工程问题中得到了广泛的应用.本文参考了边界元法的求解思路, 从Somigliana等式出发, 利用格林函数性质,得到了一种边界积分法, 使之可以用来寻求弹性问题的解析解.此边界积分法也可以从Betti互易定理得到. 应用此新方法, 求解了圆形夹杂问题.首先设定夹杂与基体之间完美连接, 将界面处的位移与应力按照傅里叶级数展开,根据问题的对称性与三角函数的正交性来简化假设, 减少待定系数的个数.其次选择合适的试函数(试函数满足位移单值条件以及无体力的线弹性力学问题的控制方程),应用边界积分法, 求得界面处的位移与应力的值. 然后再求解域内位移与应力.得到了问题的精确解析解, 当夹杂弹性模量为零或趋向于无穷大时,退化为圆孔或刚性夹杂问题的解析解. 求解过程表明,若问题的求解区域包含无穷远处时, 所取的试函数应满足无穷远处的边界条件.若求解区域包含坐标原点, 试函数在原点处位移与应力应是有限的.结果表明了此方法的有效性.      

基于球面细分法的高效高精度近奇异积分计算

精确高效地计算近奇异积分,对边界元法的成功实施至关重要,也是边界元法在实际工程计算中面临的主要障碍之一。论文提出了一种基于球面细分技术的近奇异积分计算方法,可以精确计算任意基本解类型、任意单元形状和任意源点位置的近奇异积分。该方法首先通过计算源点到单元的最近最远距离,来确定球面细分的初始半径和终止半径;然后通过一系列半径呈指数级增长的球面来分割积分单元,得到一系列三角形和四边形子单元;最后把细分后得到的子单元变成弧形状,即三角形和四边形子单元分别变成扇形和环形子单元。由于球面细分是直接在三维笛卡尔坐标系下进行的,所以它适用于任何类型的单元。此外,由于基本解主要是源点到场点距离的函数,因此在同等精度下,近奇异积分在子单元的环向上所需要的高斯积分点数将大大减少。在径向方向上,由于球半径系列呈指数级变化,各个子块可以做到等精度高斯积分。数值算例表明,与传统近奇异积分计算方法相比,论文提出的方法更加稳定,精度更高。     

STREAMLINE-BASED MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR CO2 MISCIBLE FLOODING

IntroductionMisciblefloodingisadriveprocessbymixinginjectionfluid (solvent)andoil.Itsmainmechanismistodecreasetheresidualoilsaturationbyeliminatinginterfacialtensionbetweenphases.GasdrivehasanincreasingpercentageofEORprojectsinU .S .A .,Canadaandsomeothercountriesyearsbyyears.From 1960’s ,carbondioxideinjectionhasbeingstudiedinDaqingoilfieldofChina ,buttheprocessisslowforlackinggasresource .Inrecentyears,withtheinconsistentinreserve_productionequilibriumbecomingmoreseriousandthediscoveryo…     

A parallel fast multipole BEM and its applications to large-scale analysis of 3-D fiber-reinforced composites

In this paper, an adaptive boundary element method (BEM) is presented for solving 3-D elasticity problems. The numerical scheme is accelerated by the new version of fast multipole method (FMM) and parallelized on distributed memory architectures. The resulting solver is applied to the study of representative volume element (RVE) for short fiber-reinforced composites with complex inclusion geometry. Numerical examples performed on a 32-processor cluster show that the proposed method is both accurate and efficient, and can solve problems of large size that are challenging to existing state-of-the-art domain methods.The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10472051).The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

Boundary element method for thermoelastic analysis of three-dimensional transversely isotropic solids

Thermal effects are well known to manifest themselves as additional volume integral terms in the direct formulation of the boundary integral equation (BIE) for linear elastic solids when using the boundary element method (BEM). This domain integral has been successfully transformed in an exact manner to surface ones only in isotropy and in 2D anisotropy, thereby restoring the BEM as a truly boundary solution technique. The difficulties with extending it to 3D general anisotropic solids lie in the mathematical complexity of the Green’s function and its derivatives for such materials. These quantities are required items in the BEM formulation. In this paper, the exact, analytical transformation of the volume integral associated with thermal effects to surface ones is achieved for a transversely isotropic material using a similar approach which the authors have previously employed for the same task in BEM for 2D general anisotropy. A numerical scheme, however, needs to be employed to evaluate some of the new terms introduced in the surface integrals that arise from this process here. The mathematical soundness of the formulation is demonstrated by a few examples; the numerical results obtained are checked by alternative means, including those obtained from the commercial FEM code, ANSYS.     

板材多点成形过程的有限元分析

多点成形过程采用静力隐式格式进行数值模拟是比较合适的。本文建立了用于多点成形过程分析的静力隐式弹塑性大变形有限元方法 ,给出了对稳定迭代收敛过程效果较好的板壳有限单元模型、处理多点不连续接触边界的接触单元方法以及增量变形过程中应力及塑性应变计算的多步回映计算方法。基于这些方法编制了计算软件 ,应用该软件进行了矩形板的液压胀形过程及球形模具拉伸成形过程的有限元分析 ,数值计算结果与典型的实验结果及计算结果吻合很好。最后给出了球形、圆柱形目标形状的实际多点成形过程的数值模拟结果。     

薄板结构的边界元优化设计

完成了一种用边界元法对弹性薄板结构进行优化设计的计算机分析及彩色绘图系统.本文论述了平板弯曲问题的边界元法及其优化设计.系统采用本文作者提出的三方程协调方案,并精确计算分布荷载的域内积分.本文完成了多个平板弯曲问题的边界元分析算例及板结构边界元优化设计的工程算例.结果表明,本系统方法先进、结果精确可靠,具有十分明显的工程实用价值.     

Numerical simulation of high‐Reynolds number flow around circular cylinders by a three‐step FEM–BEM model

An innovative computational model, developed to simulate high‐Reynolds number flow past circular cylinders in two‐dimensional incompressible viscous flows in external flow fields is described in this paper. The model, based on transient Navier–Stokes equations, can solve the infinite boundary value problems by extracting the boundary effects on a specified finite computational domain, using the projection method. The pressure is assumed to be zero at infinite boundary and the external flow field is simulated using a direct boundary element method (BEM) by solving a pressure Poisson equation. A three‐step finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the momentum equations of the flow. The present model is applied to simulate high‐Reynolds number flow past a single circular cylinder and flow past two cylinders in which one acts as a control cylinder. The simulation results are compared with experimental data and other numerical models and are found to be feasible and satisfactory. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The 3-D boundary element method of roller bearing by plate element analogue

The mill roller bearing is made up of an internal ring, middle rolls and an external ring, the analysis of which is a multi-bodies contact problem. In this paper, based on the three-dimensional elastic contact BEM without friction, and using the structural characteristics of roller bearings, middle rolls are described by elastic plate units of different shapes, which is placed on the internal ring. The discontinuous traction problem of the contact element can be dealt with by the traction sub-element method. Therefore the contact problem can be changed from one of multi-bodies to one of two-bodies. As an elastic deformation of the plate element, it can be calculated by an elastic contact formula and is regarded as an equivalent gap to be put into the total matrix equality. The face-to-face contact condition of displacement and traction on the element will serve as the convergence judging condition. So convergence solution can be obtained before any geometry inconsistent on the contact element may take place. Therefore, the three-dimensional distribution of load of the mill roller bearing can be achieved. It has been proved that the calculating model of this method is visualized and simple, has fast convergence solution and higher accuracy, making it an effective numerical method of designing and analyzing load characteristics of the mill roller bearing. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50075075).     

Application of the reciprocity theorem to scattering of surface waves by a cavity

Scattering of surface waves by a cylindrical cavity at the surface of a homogenous, isotropic, linearly elastic half-space is analyzed in this paper. In the usual manner, the scattered field is shown to be equivalent to the radiation from a distribution of tractions, obtained from the incident wave on the surface of the cavity. For the approximation used in this paper, these tractions are shifted to tractions applied to the projection of the cavity on the surface of the half-space. The radiation of surface waves from a normal and a tangential line load, recently determined by the use of the reciprocity theorem, is employed to obtain the field scattered by the cavity from the superposition of displacements due to the distributed surface tractions. The vertical displacement at some distance from the cavity is compared with the solution of the scattering problem obtained by the boundary element method (BEM) for various depths and widths of the cavity. Comparisons between the analytical and BEM results are graphically displayed. The limitations of the approximate approach are discussed based on the comparisons with the BEM results.     

The boundary expanding-contracting method

The boundary element method (KEM) which a used to solve the elastic problems has more advantages than other numerical methods. Especially, it can resolve rapidly varying internal stress and strain fields more accurately. However, it is of en fails in the region near the boundary because of the singularity of the solutions. Though we can increase the boundary meshes more and more, the solutions of stress on the boundary can’t be given directly; which has obstructed the applications of the HEM to some extent.In this paper we proposed the boudary expanding-contracting principle and the boundary expanding-contracting method (BECM) based on the principle. With this method, not only the solutions in the region near or on the boundary can be obtained directly, but the iterative processes can also he used conveniently to improve the accuracy of the solutions.     

Some basic problems in numerically simulating effective properties and local fields of composite materials

It is pointed out that to numerically estimate the effective properties and local fields of matrix-inclusion composites, a commonly adopted method is accompanied with some serious draw-backs. We call this method the nominal loading scheme (NLS), which considers the actual inclusion distribution inside a finite domain, Ω say, treats the external domain of Ω to be of the pure matrix material, and imposes the actural traction, σ^∞ say on the remote boundary. It thus gives rise to the following basic problems: (i) Can NLS be improved remarkably just by adjusting σ^∞? (ii) What is the relationship between the size of Ω and the scale of inclusions? (iii) Which choice is better in calculating the effective properties, the whole domain Ω or an appropriately selected sub-domain of Ω? Targeting these problems, the equivalent loading scheme (ELS) and equivalent matrix scheme (EMS) are proposed. It is theoretically analyzed that both ELS and EMS can be used to precisely simulating the effective properties and local fields of matrix-inclusion composities, and both ELS and EMS are self-approved. As an application, ELS combined with a so-called pseudo-dislocations method is used to evaluate the effective properties and local fields of two-dimensional two-phase composites with close-packed circular inclusions, or randomly distributed circular inclusions, or randomly distributed microcracks. The results show that substituting the remore traction σ^∞ with the effective stress field σ^ɛ suggested by IDD scheme is a simple and effective method, and the estimation of the effective properties and local fields is very close to the accurate solution. The present work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 19525207).