理想气体一维非定常流的一种自相似运动的存在条件

流体力学自相似运动的外延判据不太完备,对微分方程组做无量纲化处理后,得到以空间相对坐标ξ和距离r为自变量的理想气体一维自相似运动微分方程的基本物理特征量解函数,它们具有Y(ξ,r)=y(ξ)r~(C)_Y的形式,即对于确定的ξ,特征量函数Y(ξ,r)具有空间标度不变性.这种标度不变性是理想气体一维不定常流自相似运动的存在条件.     

裂纹面受剪力作用的板的应力强度因子

考虑一个在ξ-η平面内一等厚度(厚度为h)的无限大板,在η=0,|ξ|≤a处有一条裂纹,如图1所示。在裂纹表面承受单位长度的剪力Q。为了方便,引入无量纲坐标,x=ξ/a,y=η/a。本文参照Wang解含裂纹板受扭的方法,采用了计及横向剪切变形影响的Reissner的薄板弯曲理论。根据该理论,需要求解挠曲函数w(x,y)的四阶偏微分方程(对于本题是双调和方程)和应力     

Controlling hyperchaos in planar systems by adjusting parameters

IntroductionIn 1 990 ,Ott,GrebogiandYorke (OGY)introducedtheconceptofcontrolofchaosandgaveamethodforcontrollingchaos,knownastheOGYmethod[1].AfterOGY ,manyothermethodsforcontrollingchaoshavebeendeveloped[2 - 8].Otherrelatedtopics,suchasnoiseeffectsandoptimizationofthecontrol,havealsobeeninvestigated[9- 12 ].TheOGYmethodconsidersthemapξn+ 1=Fp(ξn) ,ξ∈R2 ,wherep∈Risaparameter,whichhasasaddleatacertainvalueoftheparameter.Thereforethereareaone_dimensionalstablemanifoldandaone_dimension…     

长型浮置板轨道隔振系统理论分析(Ⅰ)——弥散曲线及临界速度

浮置板轨道结构是近年来减振降噪效果最好的轨道结构形式.将整个轨道结构看作一个隔振黑匣子,钢轨与浮置板分别用欧拉梁来模拟,推导动力方程,用傅氏变换将其转换到频率-波数域中,求得系统的弥散方程,并给出轨道结构临界速度计算方法.定义了反映浮置板轨道结构参数的质量比例ξ_(m)、刚度比例ξ_(h)及阻尼比例ξ_(c)等三个系数.在给定实际中板上结构物理参数的条件下,深入讨论了三个比例系数对于系统弥散曲线以及临界速度的影响,进而为浮置板轨道共振频率及临界速度的初步设计提供建议.     

端头受外力的圆柱壳应力状态分析

本文采用的一般方法,同时又把势函数展为ξ的多项式,分析了整圆柱壳在几种边缘载荷作用下的应力状态,从而看出边界条件的提法、壳体长度对应力状态的影响的某些趋向.符号及一般公式L 为壳长、r 为半径、2h 为厚度;E 为弹性模量、σ为泊松比;ξ、θ为无量纲坐标,θ代表,...     

刚性弹侵彻动力学中的第三无量纲数

采用侵彻阻力的一般表达式,计及速度一次项和减速度效应导致的附加虚拟质量项,利用量纲分析方法,明确定义控制刚性弹侵彻过程的第三无量纲物理量,即阻尼函数ξ.针对一般凸形弹头的侵彻问题开展分析,得到一般化的无量纲侵彻深度的计算公式;同时给出多个常用弹形的形状参数.针对已公开发表的不同弹形、靶材和撞击速度的侵彻实验数据,考察有无阻尼函数的理论预期,分析结果与实验数据一致.     

大变形应变张量的正定不等式

为了讨论问题的需要,先扼要回顾一下连续介质力学的有关内容。变形是一种运动形式,应能由位移场完全确定。在空间建立直角坐标(正交笛卡尔坐标),介质中一任意点A在变形前的位置是X_1(i=1、2、3),在变形后运动到B(见图1),位置是ξ_i,则函数:     

长型浮置板轨道隔振系统理论分析(I)——弥散曲线及临界速度

浮置板轨道结构是近年来减振降噪效果最好的轨道结构形式.将整个轨道结构看作一个隔振黑匣子,钢轨与浮置板分别用欧拉梁来模拟,推导动力方程,用傅氏变换将其转换到频率-波数域中,求得系统的弥散方程,并给出轨道结构临界速度计算方法.定义了反映浮置板轨道结构参数的质量比例ξ_(m)、刚度比例ξ_(h)及阻尼比例ξ_(c)等三个系数.在给定实际中板上结构物理参数的条件下,深入讨论了三个比例系数对于系统弥散曲线以及临界速度的影响,进而为浮置板轨道共振频率及临界速度的初步设计提供建议.     

混流式水輪机叶片的設計和計算(一)

Q——通过水輪机的总流量N——水輪机的出力(功率)H——水头g——重力加速度η——水輪机的效率n——叶片数ω——水轉机轉动的角速度ξ_k——水力摩損系数(?)——势函数((?)有时也代表骨綫在u,z坐标中的傾斜角)ψ——在u,z坐标系中的流函数h(z)——流层的相对厚度Φ——h~(1/2)·(?)ψ——1/h~(1/2)ψQ_i——每一流层中通过z=0处的每单位厚     

基于H∞控制方法的AMD Benchmark主动控制结构的试验研究

针对结构主动控制系统中存在的模型不确定性问题,进行了H∞主动控制策略及实验研究,目的是使控制系统具有良好的鲁棒性.文中首先建立了AMD (active mass damper) Benchmark主动控制结构的试验系统,然后介绍了主动控制试验系统的工作原理,随后提出了基于H∞控制理论的主动控制方法,详细阐述了控制器中有关H∞控制权函数选取的过程以及控制器设计过程,最后通过试验验证了H∞控制器的有效性和鲁棒性.     

一种基于直接计算高阶奇异积分的断裂力学双边界积分方程分析法

相对于有限元法,边界单元法在求解断裂问题上有着独特的优势,现有的边界单元法中主要有子区域法和双边界积分方程法.采用一种改进的双边界积分方程法求解二维、三维断裂问题的应力强度因子,对非裂纹边界采用传统的位移边界积分方程,只需对裂纹面中的一面采用面力边界积分方程,并以裂纹间断位移为未知量直接用于计算应力强度因子.采用一种高阶奇异积分的直接法计算面力边界积分方程中的超强奇异积分;对于裂纹尖端单元,提供了三种不同形式的间断位移插值函数,采用两点公式计算应力强度因子.给出了多个具体的算例,与现存的精确解或参考解对比,可得到高精度的计算结果.      

汶川地震诱发文家沟巨型滑坡 碎屑流基本特征及成因机制初步分析

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2008年5月12日,汶川M80地震在四川省绵竹市清平乡文家沟内诱发一巨型滑坡。通过现场调查得知,滑坡前后缘高差455m,厚度20～30m,滑面为基岩层面,初始方量2750×107m3。滑体在运动中转化为碎屑流。滑坡-碎屑流总的水平运动距离为4022m,垂直运动距离为1443m,遗留的堆积物体积达5×107m3。滑坡距映秀—北川断裂仅36km,位于其下盘,地震烈度达XI度。滑坡导致文家沟中48人遇害,并形成一条完整的地震次生地质灾害链。初步分析表明滑坡启动速度快,滑坡向碎屑流转化过程明显、地点明确。碎屑流运动过程复杂,伴有强烈的“气垫效应”和“前缘气浪冲击效应”。作者认为,文家沟滑坡的高启动速度是长持时强烈地震动作用的结果,与山体的猛烈碰撞是导致滑体解体并转化为碎屑流的原因。     

Preface: Orbits around asteroid

One of the core issues in modern celestial mechanics is the orbital dynamics in the near-regime gravitational field of as- teroids, which provides deep insights into the mathematical nature of a class of nonlinear systems, and plays as a critical basis for in situ explorations of different science goals. Lots of efforts have been made to reveal the characteristics of orbital motion in the vicinity of asteroids, and to improve the skills of asteroid research in methodology.     

Effet de l'anisotropie élastique cristalline sur la distribution des facteurs de Schmid à la surface des polycristauxInfluence of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals

Experimental studies of the plasticity mechanisms of polycrystals are usually based on the Schmid factor distribution supposing crystalline elasticity isotropy. A numerical evaluation of the effect of crystalline elasticity anisotropy on the apparent Schmid factor distribution at the free surface of polycrystals is presented. Cubic elasticity is considered. Order II stresses (averaged on all grains with the same crystallographic orientation) as well as variations between averages computed on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are computed. The Finite Element Method is used. Commonly studied metals presenting an increasing anisotropy degree are considered (aluminium, nickel, austenite, copper). Concerning order II stresses in strongly anisotropic metals, the apparent Schmid factor distribution is drifted towards small Schmid factor values (the maximum Schmid factor is equal to 0.43 instead of 0.5) and the slip activation order between characteristic orientations of the crystallographic standard triangle is modified. The computed square deviations of the stresses averaged on grains with the same crystallographic orientation but with different neighbour grains are a bit higher than the second order ones (inter-orientation scatter). Our numerical evaluations agree quantitatively with several observations and measures of the literature concerning stress and strain distribution in copper and austenite polycrystals submitted to low amplitude loadings. Hopefully, the given apparent Schmid factor distributions could help to better understand the observations of the plasticity mechanisms taking place at the free surface of polycrystals. To cite this article: M. Sauzay, C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Nonlinear behavior of matrix-inclusion composites under high confining pressure: application to concrete and mortar

This paper is devoted to a micromechanics-based simulation of the response of concrete to hydrostatic and oedometric compressions. Concrete is described as a composite made up of a cement matrix in which rigid inclusions are embedded. The focus is put on the role of the interface between matrix and inclusion which represent the interfacial transition zone (ITZ). A plastic behavior is considered for both the matrix and the interfaces. The effective response of the composite is derived from the modified secant method adapted to the situation of imperfect interfaces. To cite this article: T.H. Le et al., C. R. Mecanique 336 (2008).     

Dynamics and Breakup of Viscoelastic Liquids (A Review)

The phenomena of hydrodynamic breakup of liquid jets, drops, films, bridges, and filaments are reviewed for liquids with viscoelastic properties. The reasons for breakup are capillary instabilities, collisions with rigid obstacles, and other forms of dynamic action. The relationship between the properties of the liquids and the features of the breakup process is discussed.     

Flow stability analysis and excitation using pulsating jets

Classical flow stability applied to transition from laminar to turbulent flow may also describe the behavior of vorticity fluctuations created by a pulsating jet placed along a solid boundary. A numerical laminar flow experiment involving a pulsating jet placed along the surface of a duct with flow separation downstream, resulted in eliminating most part of the separated flow region. Applying the same approach to a turbulent flow, it was possible to develop a turbulent stability flow formulation and apply successfully turbulent pulsating jet flow separation control. To cite this article: D. Skamnakis, K. Papailiou, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).