受压混凝土的不可逆变形与刚度衰减的研究

本文根据内变量定义，引入表征塑性发展和产生损伤的内变量，根据塑性力学和损伤学方法，结合混凝土单调受压应力一应变全曲线的试验结果，对混凝土不可逆变形和刚度衰减进行了研究，经与反复加卸载试验结果相比，吻合较好，如果将其推广至反复加卸载试验极为困难的复杂受力工况将是方便有效的。     

混凝土损伤断裂的分形特征

本文根据已有实验资料，分析了混凝土内部细观损伤断裂裂纹的演化，分布及其结构特征，指出混凝土的内部损伤裂行为具有分形特征，并给出了其损伤程度及演化的分形描述。     

混凝土疲劳刚度衰减规律试验研究

对C15混凝土进行了大量的静载及恒幅疲劳试验研究，分析了疲劳加载过程中混凝土的刚度衰减规律，并以循环卸载割线弹性模量的衰减率为损伤因子建立了疲劳寿命与循环卸载割线弹性模量的数学模型，提出了通过较少循环的微损试验结果来预测混凝土疲劳寿命的方法．     

粘弹性损伤混凝土介质中波的传播

混凝土的损伤会引起弹性和粘性性质的改变,利用弹性和粘性的双参数来描述损伤,建立双参数损伤理论。根据不同的损伤程度对混凝土介质进行分区处理,建立基本方程式,考虑连续性条件和边界条件,求解波动方程。比较是否考虑粘性时的波幅和波传播时间与损伤的关系,表明粘性是损伤混凝土介质中波传播所必须要考虑的问题。分析了粘弹性混凝土介质中损伤区域长度、损伤度等对波传播的影响,给出了它们的关系曲线,可为波的反分析提供依据。     

混凝土变形与损伤的分析

本文首先对材料本构理论尤其是混凝土材料本构理论的研究现状进行丁评述,然后分析了混凝土的变形与损伤的物理机理及混凝土的几个重要而且特殊的本构现象,讨论了混凝土损伤、单侧受力特性、剪胀效应等的描述方法,最后介绍了几种混凝土损伤本构模型。      

钢纤维混凝土的弹塑性损伤模型

根据钢纤维混凝土在反复荷载下的弹性变形规律,从应变等价性原理出发,提出了弹塑性损伤模型;分析了以往用卸载刚度代替变形模量所带来的问题。     

基于Ottosen本构关系的混凝土三维损伤模型

提出基于混凝土已有本构模型建立混凝土三维损伤模型的方法，该方法无需再进行新的参数标定，计算损伤不必通过对损伤演化方程的积分获得。基于Ottosen本构模型建立了相应的损伤模型，就损伤参量和Ottosen非线性指标的不同选取方式，对典型比例加载情形的全过程进行损伤分析，发现基于刚度下降和基于变形能力损失的两种不同损伤描述具有互补性，非线性指标采用比例增大法计算较为简单合理。     

考虑方向效应的钢纤维混凝土损伤破坏数值分析

钢纤维的平均方向效应系数是表征纤维综合取向性对混凝土性能影响的一个重要因素。为了从细观层次探究平均方向效应系数对钢纤维增强混凝土复合材料损伤开裂的影响，本研究基于有限元软件参数化语言，建立了由钢纤维、水泥砂浆以及界面过渡区三相材料构成的二维钢纤维混凝土模型，并模拟了不同平均方向效应系数下钢纤维混凝土单轴拉伸破坏的全过程。结果表明：混凝土的抗拉强度随着平均方向效应系数的增大而提高；钢纤维对混凝土的阻裂增韧效应也随之增强，进一步揭示了钢纤维混凝土在单轴拉伸条件下混凝土的损伤破坏机理。     

混凝土本构模型及其动态有限元算法研究

混凝土的力学性质及其本构研究是当前力学领域的一个重要课题。混凝土的实验数据表明其力学性质表现出很强的各向异性及并且在高加载速率的情况下，混凝土的性质物美价廉 时时明显不同。这就要求我们采用应变率相关的弹粘弹性本构模型来描述混凝土的力学行为。本语文从Ｏｔｔｏｓｅｎ的四参数混凝土模型出发，引进损伤和应变率的影响，参考关联塑性的理论，改进了混凝土的本构模型。为了把混凝土的数值模拟推向实用，本文概括混凝土     

围压状态下的混凝土本构模型

利用已有不同围压下的混凝土三向压缩试验, 分析研究不同围压条件对混凝土强度和应力-应变关系的影响。试验表明, 把混凝土简单视为脆性材料的观点并不符合实际情况, 塑性特征也是混凝土材料主要力学特征。由热力学定律出发, 本文提出了多次方形式的屈服函数和与围压状态相关联的损伤标准化函数, 提出了考虑围压状态的混凝土本构模型。试验结果与数值计算比较表明, 该本构关系可以很好地描述混凝土在不同围压状态下的力学损伤发展和脆-塑性转换力学特征, 也可以描述拉伸作用下的应力-应变关系, 具有一定的普遍意义。     

基于应变计观测数据的混凝土温度应力解析

混凝土温度应力测定一直是人们致力解决的科学难题.本文根据振弦式混凝土应变计的工作原理,提出了基于混凝土应变计观测数据的温度应力计算公式,并采用电热带给试件直接施加温度作用的方法,模拟弹性约束条件进行了温度应力试验测定,确定了计算公式中温度应力修正系数与温度变化的关系.研究结果表明,振弦式混凝土应变计可以用来测定均匀温度作用产生的温度应力,根据本文提出的计算公式得到的温度应力计算值与实测值吻合良好.     

混凝土板的冲切强度

基于混凝土强度的试验资料,首先建立了合理描述混凝土强度破坏特性的Lade-Duncan破坏准则,并将该Lade-Duncan破坏准则转化为等效的Mohr-Coulomb破坏准则.依据塑性上限分析理论和合理的混凝土板冲切强度破坏模式,求出了圆形和矩形分布荷载下混凝土板冲切强度的统一表达式.通过与已发表的研究成果、试验结果和规范公式相比较,论证了本文给出的混凝土板冲切强度公式的合理性.     

Penetration of Solid Bodies into Concrete

The results of an experimental study of quasistatic and dynamic penetration of solids into sand concrete are presented.Cylindrical bodies with conical tips and a ball were used. The resistance forces are compared for the taper angles of 180?, 90?, 60?, 30?, 9.5? and a ball. The flow character in the quasistatic immersion regime and in dynamic immersion due to inertia is determined.     

Concrete cracking simulations for nuclear applications

The need to understand concrete behavior under high temperatures in the nuclear industry has become rather acute. Previously, concrete has been used in nuclear industry as inexpensive material for construction and also for radiation shielding. Presently, we are concerned with the structural integrity of the containment, subject to accidental exposure of concrete to excessively high temperatures and chemical attack. Consequently, we are now seeking basic understanding of concrete behavior at extreme environmental condition. Indispensible in mathematical modeling of concrete behavior is the constitutive relation. A constitutive model developed by Takahashi [1] has been incorporated into the coupled thermal-stress analysis code, TEMP-STRESS, which gives the stress-strain relation up to the point of cracking. This paper describes the modeling of cracking behavior. Four crack propagation criteria: the J-integral, the energy release rate, the effective strength and the failure surface criterion are examined. Several numerical examples are given. Situations under which one method might be more convenient to use than the others are discussed.     

非平稳温度场影响下混凝土结构的随机徐变应力

大体积混凝土结构的徐变应力受多种随机因素的影响。文中视混凝土结构内部温度场为非平稳随机过程，对此非平稳温度场采用了时域上简化处理的方法。同时，为进一步考虑材料参数（如徐变度、弹模等）随机性的影响，文中将随机有限元法引入到混凝土结构随机徐变应力的计算中，提出了求解随机徐变应力的初应变随机有限元隐式解法。     

An Experimental Technique for Spalling of Concrete

The spalling strength of concrete is measured by examining the strain wave profiles in a polymer buffer bar behind the slender concrete bar specimen placed between a large diameter (Φ100 mm) Hopkinson bar and the buffer bar. The experimental results indicate that the spalling strength is related to not only the compressive strength of concrete but also the impact velocities (the loading rates). The rate effect of spalling strength mainly results from the different cracking paths in concrete under different impact velocities. However when the input compressive stress to specimen exceeds the threshold required to trigger the compressive damage, the spalling strength decreases due to the evolution and cumulation of compressive damage in concretes. The repeated impact loading experiments indicate that damage plays an important role in the spallation process of concrete. The high speed video of the spalling fracture process shows that multiple spalling fractures may occur in the scab and damage accumulation resulting from stress wave propagation in scab is the main reason for the producing of multiple spallations.     

冲击载荷下混凝土材料的动态本构关系

利用改装的杆径为 74mm的直锥变截面式大尺寸Hopkinson压杆对混凝土材料进行冲击压缩实验 ,系统研究了混凝土的应变率硬化效应 ,采用一种新的方法损伤冻结法对混凝土材料在冲击载荷下的损伤软化效应进行了系统研究 ,给出了冲击载荷下混凝土的损伤演化方程 ;在对数据进行合理分析的基础上 ,结合粘弹性本构理论 ,得到混凝土材料的损伤型线性粘弹性本构关系。     

Size Effect in Concrete Intrinsic Permeability Measurements

This paper questions the possibility that the measure of concrete permeability in laboratory depends in some instances on the size of the sample, i.e. that intrinsic permeability measurements exhibit a size effect. Experiments were carried out on specimens of different size (the surface interested by the flow ranging from 2 × 10³ to 2 × 10⁵ mm ²) of an ultra high strength concrete heated at 523.15 K for 30 days. A first campaign was made using a Cembureau permeameter, with silicon masks put on the sample’s flat surfaces to reduce the areas where inlet or outlet pressures apply and otherwise standard settings and procedures. A second one was made on concrete hollow cylinders of 265 mm height and 350 mm external diameter, fixed between steel plates so as to make a canister that was filled with pressurised nitrogen (from 253 to 415 kPa in different tests) and observed during pressure decay for 2–4 days. Further Cembureau tests were made to correlate the two campaigns. Mathematical models were put forward to process the information gathered from these experiments, dealing with bending of flow lines in the first case and with unsteady flow in the second, and numerical computations made to estimate permeability starting from boundary data measured in experiments. A general analysis, based on the extreme value theory, supported the idea that a Frechet law should be adopted to possibly describe the growth of permeability with the size of the cross-section of the flow. Though explorative in principle, our results lead to the conclusion that a size effect was observed. The shape parameter of the Frechet law describing this effect was identified accordingly.