The influence of grating characteristics on moiré fringe multiplication

Coherent optical techniques of fringe multiplication can be used to enhance the sensitivity of moiré measurements. However, for some coherent optical-processing systems, the significance of the resulting interference pattern is influenced by the characteristics of the gratings being processed. Analysis of one commonly used system for fringe multiplication involving two bar and space amplitude gratings reveals that accuracy of displacements and strains calculated from a fringe pattern is very sensitive to the transmission ratios of the gratings being processed. For variations of the transmission ratio of only 10 percent from the ideal case of 50 percent, the interference patterns produced by optical processing no longer correspond to multiplied moiré-fringe patterns.     

On replication for moiré-fringe multiplication

A modified casting method is described for forming replicas of deformed moiré grids for subsequent fringe multiplication. The technique, which is believed to be simpler, faster and more convenient than previous procedures, is demonstrated by application to a fiber-reinforced interlaminar shear-strength specimen.     

倍增云纹的显微测量及密集云纹场的应变测算

为了提高云纹法的准确度,文中提出了使倍增后的云纹宽度变细并进行显微测量的技术,以及由密集云纹场测算应变的条纹间距插值和小间距均匀法。给出了估计由此法算得的应变的误差及其修正方法。所做的曲杆实验其数据与理论值符合得很好。文中还将云纹法中闪耀光栅与振幅栅相匹配的光学空间滤波系统改进为实时系统,导出其条纹倍增率及云纹图的最佳对比度条件。     

Photoelastic-fringe multiplication—For tenfold increase in sensitivity

Slices from three-dimensional frozen-stress models were collected from numerous photoelastic laboratories and these diverse samples were used to demonstrate fringe multiplication. Multiplied isochromatic patterns of excellent clarity and fidelity are presented. Maximum multiplication factors of 9 or 11 are exhibited for most demonstrations, but multiplications by 17 and 25 are exhibited for special cases. Speed, accuracy and simplicity of the method are discussed, and benefits of full-field data retrieval are emphasized.     

用曲线大窗口平滑散斑条纹图的方法研究

提出一种计算条纹方向的简单算法,以及通过条纹方向图获得沿条纹方向的曲线窗口并对散斑条纹图进行曲线大窗口滤波的方法．实验表明此方法较好地消除了散斑条纹图的噪声,同时尽量减小了对条纹结构的损害．为从单幅散斑条纹图中应用条纹中心线法或全灰度法进一步提取相位场的后处理,奠定了良好的基础．     

光测条纹图处理中免除噪声的正则化条纹法

在光测条纹图自动处理研究领域内有许多不同种类的处理方法,免除噪声的正则化条纹法,或称纯条纹灰度法,是有效的方法之一。本文综述了作者提出的免除噪声正则化条纹法的原理和多种方法。然后对广义旋滤波进行了改进,用于消除 Ｅ Ｓ Ｐ Ｉ图的散斑噪声,并且不损害条纹信号分布。实验表明本方法具有良好的结果和前景。     

Photoelastic Stress Analysis by Use of Hybrid Technique and Fringe Phase Shifting Method

0Introduction Photoelasticityisanopticalmeasurementmethodforstressanalysis.Itcanperformwhole field measurementduetotwo dimensionalsignalprocessingoflight.Alsoitcanperformnon contact measurementbecauseoftransmissionorreflectionoflightonaspecimen.Photoelast…     

数字光弹性法综述

将光弹性法与计算机图像处理技术相结合 ,来自动采集光弹性数据和分析应力的方法 ,称为数字光弹性法 ,与传统光弹性法相比 ,它可以进一步提高实验速度和精度。本文详细讨论了以下两个方面 :一是光弹性条纹的细化和倍增处理技术 ;二是自动确定光弹性参数的技术 ,包括相移法、傅立叶变换法、逐步载荷法、广谱分析法和RGB光弹性法等。通过对近二十年来国内外在这些方面的研究、应用和进展作了综述 ,认为采用白光的彩色域相移技术计算光弹性等倾角 ,结合采用白光源或三色光源的相移法来确定光弹性等色线级数 ,有望成为解决静态二维和三维冻结模型薄切片应力分析的最佳方法 ;另外 ,设计一种能实时和同步采集多幅条纹图的实验装置 ,通过相移法来自动获取动态光弹性数据 ,是数字动态光弹性法很有前景的发展方向     

基于BP神经网络的条纹级数插值方法

数据采集是光测力学数据处理自动化的关键和难点，特别是对条纹稀疏和低级数区．针对上述困难，本文利用ＢＰ神经网络能对函数进行逼近的特征，对条纹插值进行了探讨；经研究改进后的算法，其收敛速度明显提高．作为例子，给出了一幅光弹性等差线条纹图的插值实验，获得了令人满意的结果．     

一种通过条纹方向图提取散斑条纹中心线的方法

在光测力学中,如何从单幅散斑干涉条纹图中消除散斑噪声,高精度自动提取相位信息,是一项较困难的工作。本文提出了一种计算条纹方向的简单算法,以及通过条纹方向图提取散斑条纹中心线的方法。实验表明此方法对高噪声的散斑条纹图非常有效。     

Determination of integral fringe order in photoelasticity

The paper describes a method to determine the integral fringe order associated with a fractional fringe value that is measured using Tardy or other similar compensators. The method makes use of two different wavelengths of light to determine the fractional fringe values. Further, it does not assume the independence of the material fringe constant on the wavelength of light used. From these measured fractional fringe values, the associated integral fringe order is determined. A method to construct a ready-reckoner table is also described which helps to identify the integral fringe order from any two measured fractional fringe values.     

New optical methods of moiré fringe multiplication

Photographs or other replicas of relatively coarse specimen screens can be analyzed with sensitivities corresponding to screens of many thousands of lines per inch (lpi). Moiré fringe multiplication is accomplished by collecting specific groups of diffracted beams emanating from two moiré screens in series. Three methods are described and multiplication by factors as high as 30 are demonstrated. Sensitivity and accuracy are increased by the fringe-multiplication factor. Usefulness of full-field mechanical differentiation techniques is extended to cases of correspondingly lower strains. These fringe-multiplication methods apply to both bar-and-space screens and transparent diffraction gratings.     

A simple method for the digital determination of the photoelastic fringe order

A new and simple approach to the digital determination of a photoelastic fringe order using two different loads is proposed. The relationships between the intensity values of light and the isochromatic fringe orders generated from two different loads are derived. The scheme used for the automated determination of the total fringe orders of a full-field photoelastic fringe pattern is described. The usefulness of this method is demonstrated using two isochromatic fringe patterns under two different loads. Extra filters are not needed in the proposed method as in the case of the two-wavelength method.     

A new interferometric method for vibration measurement by electronic holography

Electronic holography is a well-established technique used in real-time, non-contact, whole-field displacement measurements. When using the real-time, time-averaged method for vibration measurments, the quantitative interpretation of dense fringe patterns is difficult because of speckle noise. Even when speckle-reducing procedures are used, such as multiple-frame averaging or rotation of the illumination beam, the remaining speckles and decreasing visibility of higher-order Bessel fringes are serious limitations. The primary objective of this paper is to present a new realtime, interferometric method for mechanical vibration measurements and the associated quantitative interpretation. The fringe pattern obtained by this method is quasi-binary and half as dense as in the time-averaged method. The method greatly improves the overall visibility (contrast, resolution) of vibration fringe patterns without any sacrifice in the real-time capabilities. Quantitative fringe interpretation is straightforward and based on binary fringe tracking. It allows quantitative measurements in situations where the time-averaged fringe processing fails.     

频率向导的单幅散斑条纹图位相提取方法

提出一种基于条纹频率向导的单幅散斑条纹图位相提取技术,可对一般的散斑条纹图进行自动化位相提取. 该方法利用加窗傅里叶运算求得散斑条纹图的条纹频率,并在条纹频率的向导下对散斑条纹图的位相进行提取. 数值模拟和实验结果证实了这一方法的有效性.      

载波条纹图的处理及应用

本文提出一种载波条纹的处理方法，将变形前、后的载波条纹图分别经过条纹细化、抽取中心、级数编码、全场拟合等处理，首先求出全场每个像素点上的条纹级数，然后再对应相减，以得到仅仅由于变形引起的干涉条纹的全场分布，文中应用该方法分析处理了差分干涉条纹图，测量了水平热管周围的温度场、温度梯度场及壁面换热系数。     

Interferometrie transparenter Phasenobjekte,insbesondere bei hohen Interferenzstreifendichten,dargestellt an einem Beispiel aus der Wärmeübertragung

The assumptions of ‘ideal interferometry’ result in formulae which are easy to use for the interpretation of interferograms, but which are only valid if the interference fringe density is low. If these formulae are used at higher fringe densities, one must focus at the so-called ‘optimal focussing plane’. If the interference fringe density becomes still greater, practically any focussing position will result in deviations from ‘ideal interferometry’. With the aid of an example from heat transfer a method is presented which enables the most favourable focussing plane to be determined and which corrects the resulting deviations from ‘ideal interferometry’ by use of an iterative algorithm.     

基于小波分析的条纹图滤波方法

本文提出了一种新颖的干涉条纹图非线性滤波方法,可以选择性地在频域图像的不同区域选用不同的滤波方式,在滤掉图像中大部分散斑噪声的同时,能够减少信息的损失,使图像的内部边界仍然保持清晰。文中首先简介了正交小波变换的原理,然后介绍了去除散斑噪声的具体算法,最后给出了计算机模拟去噪声的结果     

双折射材料初应力的定量研究相移等达因技术的应用

文章提出两种用相移等达因技术对存在于双折射材料内部的初始应力进行定量分析的方法，并以两种常用的双折射材料Ｐ６和Ｈｏｍａｌｉｔｅ１００为例进行了内部初应力的实验研究，给出了材料内部初应力的分布。以上研究说明双折射内部初始应力不容忽视，数字相移等达因技术是双折射材料内部初始应力进行定量分析的有力手段     

基于多通道滤波技术的散斑条纹图正则化方法

在光测力学中,条纹图正则化是进一步提取条纹位相信息的重要基础。对于散斑条纹图来说,正则化的过程还需能够有效地抑制散斑噪声。本文提出一种基于多通道滤波技术的散斑条纹图正则化方法。通过使用多个Gabor滤波通道对散斑条纹图进行滤波,并且引入与条纹对比度有关的权重因子把各个滤波通道的滤波结果叠加起来,最终得到滤除了散斑噪声的正则化条纹图。数值模拟和实验结果表明,该方法在将散斑条纹图正则化的同时能够有效地滤除条纹图中的散斑噪声,为进一步提取条纹位相奠定了良好的基础。