气液混输悬链线立管系统两相流特性实验

严重段塞流是海洋工程气液混输管线--立管系统中常见的一种特殊有害流动现象, 采用水平--下倾--悬链线立管气液混输组合管道系统, 通过系列实验在悬链线立管中获得了严重段塞流、间歇流和震荡流等流型, 阐述了这些流动现象的形成机理, 提出了能够产生严重段塞流的判定准则. 结果表明, 悬链线立管严重段塞流具有明显周期性, 在一个周期内的流动特征可分为液塞形成、液体出流、液气喷发及液体回流等4个阶段, 进而给出了各阶段中相关流动参数的变化规律. 在实验中同时还对悬链线与垂直立管中严重段塞流形成机理进行了比较分析, 发现两者在液塞形成阶段有显著差别. 其中, 在悬链线立管中液塞形成之前首先需要经历一个气液混合液塞形成过程, 而垂直立管则没有这个过程.      

EXPERIMENTS ON TWO-PHASE FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN A CATENARY RISER SYSTEM WITH THE GAS AND LIQUID MIXTURE TRANSPORTATION

严重段塞流是海洋工程气液混输管线-立管系统中常见的一种特殊有害流动现象,采用水平-下倾-悬链线立管气液混输组合管道系统,通过系列实验在悬链线立管中获得了严重段塞流、间歇流和震荡流等流型,阐述了这些流动现象的形成机理,提出了能够产生严重段塞流的判定准则.结果表明,悬链线立管严重段塞流具有明显周期性,在一个周期内的流动特征可分为液塞形成、液体出流、液气喷发及液体回流等4个阶段,进而给出了各阶段中相关流动参数的变化规律.在实验中同时还对悬链线与垂直立管中严重段塞流形成机理进行了比较分析,发现两者在液塞形成阶段有显著差别.其中,在悬链线立管中液塞形成之前首先需要经历一个气液混合液塞形成过程,而垂直立管则没有这个过程.     

大长径比点火管高密实火药床点传火过程两相流的数值模拟

设计了某中心点火管,完成了该点火管的点传火实验,针对该点火管长径比大、装填密度高的特点,建立了点火管内气固两相流动和燃烧过程的一维两相流模型,并进行了数值模拟。计算结果与实验结果良好符合,说明计算模型能够准确描述点火管内的实际物理化学过程,计算程序参数取值合理,该计算程序可为此类点火管各种结构尺寸及装填条件下的点传火性能分析及优化计算提供充分的理论依据和方法。并且,根据计算结果初步分析了该结构及装填条件下点火管的点传火性能,为下阶段工程优化设计提供参考     

水平管内气液两相螺旋流实验研究

为研究水平管内气液两相螺旋流的流动特性,开展了以空气和水为实验介质,含气率为10％～90％,气相折算速度为0.01～3.4m/s,液相折算速度为0.05～2.7m/s的气液两相螺旋流实验.利用高速摄影机记录并参考借鉴相关研究结果分析和划分了不同工况下的流型;给出了水平管内气液两相螺旋流的流型图;研究了不同流速、不同起旋参数对流动特性(压降、流型衰减、螺距、螺旋直径以及流型转换边界等)的影响.实验结论如下:将水平管内气液两相螺旋流的流型划分为螺旋波状分层流、螺旋泡状流、螺旋团状流、螺旋线状流、螺旋轴状流、螺旋弥散流6种;将绘制的流型图与经典Mandhane流型图进行对比,出现了线状流、弥散流和轴状流3种新的流型;泡状流的分布基本不变,层状流的分布发生变化,当气相流速在2m/s以内时是线状流和轴状流,而不是层状流;随着液相流速的提高,管内两相流动的损失逐渐变大,流型的衰减程度变弱,螺旋扭矩逐渐变大,螺旋直径逐渐变小.另外,随着叶轮角度的增大或者随着叶片面积的减小,流型转换边界均向进气量增大的方向推移.而当进气量一定时,随着叶轮角度的增大或者随着叶片面积的减小,同样流型转换边界趋于进水量增大的方向.最后,随着起旋角度的增大或者随着叶片面积的减小,压降均有逐渐变大的趋势.     

竖直振动管中颗粒毛细效应的离散元模拟

将一根细管插入填充有颗粒的静止容器中并对管施加竖直振动,颗粒将在管内发生上升运动,并最终稳定在一定高度,这一现象与液体毛细效应类似,被称为颗粒毛细效应.为探究颗粒毛细效应过程中伴随的颗粒尺度动力学行为及机理,基于离散元方法建立颗粒运动模型,对颗粒毛细效应动力学过程和特性开展数值模拟研究.模拟再现了文献中实验得到的颗粒毛细效应全过程,给出了管内颗粒柱高度随时间的演变规律,结果表明,受到颗粒系统参数的影响,本模拟条件下颗粒毛细效应过程呈现单周期上升、倍周期上升和倍周期稳定三个阶段,在倍周期上升阶段颗粒柱上升速度逐渐减小,平缓过渡到稳定阶段.在此基础上,分析了管内颗粒速度场和填充率分布随时间的演变特性,揭示了颗粒毛细效应过程中由容器传输到管内的颗粒的占比分布.研究发现,管内不同高度位置颗粒的运动并不同步,随着管的振动,管内出现速度波,速度波的传播引起管内颗粒出现膨胀和压缩交替的情况,从而管内颗粒填充率随时间发生周期性波动;在上升阶段,越接近管壁由容器传输到管内的颗粒占比越大,在稳定阶段,管内上层颗粒的对流引起容器传输到管内的颗粒占比发生反转.      

竖直振动管中颗粒毛细效应的离散元模拟

将一根细管插入填充有颗粒的静止容器中并对管施加竖直振动,颗粒将在管内发生上升运动,并最终稳定在一定高度,这一现象与液体毛细效应类似,被称为颗粒毛细效应.为探究颗粒毛细效应过程中伴随的颗粒尺度动力学行为及机理,基于离散元方法建立颗粒运动模型,对颗粒毛细效应动力学过程和特性开展数值模拟研究.模拟再现了文献中实验得到的颗粒毛细效应全过程,给出了管内颗粒柱高度随时间的演变规律,结果表明,受到颗粒系统参数的影响,本模拟条件下颗粒毛细效应过程呈现单周期上升、倍周期上升和倍周期稳定三个阶段,在倍周期上升阶段颗粒柱上升速度逐渐减小,平缓过渡到稳定阶段.在此基础上,分析了管内颗粒速度场和填充率分布随时间的演变特性,揭示了颗粒毛细效应过程中由容器传输到管内的颗粒的占比分布.研究发现,管内不同高度位置颗粒的运动并不同步,随着管的振动,管内出现速度波,速度波的传播引起管内颗粒出现膨胀和压缩交替的情况,从而管内颗粒填充率随时间发生周期性波动;在上升阶段,越接近管壁由容器传输到管内的颗粒占比越大,在稳定阶段,管内上层颗粒的对流引起容器传输到管内的颗粒占比发生反转.     

一种新型螺旋内槽管的气液固三相流数值模拟研究

针对一种新型螺旋内槽管,采用先进的计算流体力学(CFD)数值模拟方法,对管内的气(天然气)-液(水)-固(水合物)三相流流动特性进行了模拟研究。模型采用欧拉-欧拉-欧拉三流体模型结合颗粒动力学的理论,考察了不同的表观速度(0.3 m/s,0.5 m/s,0.7 m/s),水合物粒径(500μm,750μm,1000μm),气泡大小(10μm,100μm,1000μm),螺距(400mm,800mm),螺纹头数(12,20)及螺纹旋向对于管内三相流动特性的影响。通过数值计算,由于气液固三相间的密度差,在螺旋内槽的作用下,水合物和天然气在管中心位置聚集,同时管壁处的含量减小。流体表观流速和气泡越大,壁面处的水合物和天然气的体积分数越小;由于天然气的密度小于水合物和水的密度,天然气更多集中在管中心,越靠近管壁含量越少;颗粒的粒径越大,壁面处的水合物含量越少,而对于天然气的分布则影响不大;螺距越小,螺纹头数越多,螺旋流强度越大,气液固三相分离效果越好,壁面处的水合物和天然气的含量越小;同时,螺纹旋向的改变对于三相的分离效果影响较小。     

微重力条件下部分充液贮箱气液界面波动特性的数值模拟

微重力环境中部分充液贮箱内气液界面和气、液两相介质在残余重力或加速度干扰下的运动特征是先进空间流体管理技术的基础. 本文针对空间贮箱常用构型和实际尺寸, 基于邦德数相似准则设计了3个缩比模型, 数值模拟了原型贮箱和缩比模型中加速度变化引起的贮箱内气液两相流动及气液界面上界面波的传播. 数值模拟结果验证了原型和模型间的运动相似性, 发现在满足邦德数相似准则的前提下, 系统还近似满足韦伯数相似准则, 或等价地, 近似满足弗劳德数相似准则. 此外, 数值模拟结果也表明原型和模型间的运动存在细微偏差, 这主要源于黏性耗散作用的差异. 由韦伯数相似准则可知, 缩比加大, 贮箱尺寸减小, 重力突变后由表面张力释放出来的驱动力增强, 相同韦伯数下流动速度增大, 黏性耗散作用随之增强, 本文的数值模拟结果证实了该结论. 相关结果可以用于指导空间贮箱流体管理技术的地面模拟试验的方案设计等.      

剪切流场中含内流立管横向涡激振动特性

立管是海洋工程中输送油气或其他矿产资源的必备结构, 外部洋流引起的立管涡激振动影响着立管的疲劳寿命, 危害深海资源开发. 本文基于欧拉?伯努利梁方程, 结合半经验时域水动力模型, 建立剪切流与内流耦合作用下海洋立管涡激振动预报模型, 运用有限元方法和Newmark-β逐步积分法求解方程, 首先将数值模拟结果与实验数据进行对比, 验证模型正确性. 然后, 运用此模型, 对剪切流作用下含内流的顶张立管在不同内流速度和密度下的横向涡激振动响应特性进行研究, 主要分析了立管的横向振动模态、振动频率以及均方根位移等涡激振动参数随内流速度和密度等参数的变化规律. 结果表明, 在剪切流场中, 含内流海洋立管在横向上表现出多模态多频率的涡激振动;立管横向振动的最大均方根位移随内流速度和密度的增大而增大, 特别是当内流速度较大时, 横向最大均方根位移增大明显;立管横向振动的主导频率随内流速度和密度的增大而减小, 并且内流密度的增大同样会引起模态转换和频率转换.      

变角度Y型分支管气力输送流量分配特性研究

以压缩空气为输送介质,粒径相同而密度不同的小米和空心玻璃珠为输送物料,在水平变角度Y型分支管气力输送试验台上对气固两相的流量分配特性进行了研究.试验结果表明,在保持发送压力恒定条件下,当两分支管路与主管夹角相同时,流动参数的变化对流量分配特性的影响不大.当两分支管路与主管夹角不同时,随变动支管与主管夹角增大,分配到变动支管内固相流量逐渐减少;同时发现,当表观气速处于高速区时,变动支管与主管夹角是影响固相流量分配的主要因素;而当表观气速处于低速区时,流量分配特性变化较大.最后,通过对比,发现固相密度对流量分配特性影响不大.     

Development and elaboration of numerical method for simulating gas–liquid–solid three-phase flows based on particle method

A numerical method for simulating gas–liquid–solid three-phase flows based on the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) approach was developed in this study. Computational instability often occurs in multiphase flow simulations if the deformations of the free surfaces between different phases are large, among other reasons. To avoid this instability, this paper proposes an improved coupling procedure between different phases in which the physical quantities of particles in different phases are calculated independently. We performed numerical tests on two illustrative problems: a dam-break problem and a solid-sphere impingement problem. The former problem is a gas–liquid two-phase problem, and the latter is a gas–liquid–solid three-phase problem. The computational results agree reasonably well with the experimental results. Thus, we confirmed that the proposed MPS method reproduces the interaction between different phases without inducing numerical instability.     

A LBM–DEM solver for fast discrete particle simulation of particle–fluid flows

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) for simulating fluid phases was coupled with the discrete element method (DEM) for studying solid phases to formulate a novel solver for fast discrete particle simulation (DPS) of particle–fluid flows. The fluid hydrodynamics was obtained by solving LBM equations instead of solving the Navier–Stokes equation by the finite volume method (FVM). Interparticle and particle–wall collisions were determined by DEM. The new DPS solver was validated by simulating a three-dimensional gas–solid bubbling fluidized bed. The new solver was found to yield results faster than its FVM–DEM counterpart, with the increase in the domain-averaged gas volume fraction. Additionally, the scalability of the LBM–DEM DPS solver was superior to that of the FVM–DEM DPS solver in parallel computing. Thus, the LBM–DEM DPS solver is highly suitable for use in simulating dilute and large-scale particle–fluid flows.     

Weakly nonlinear stability analysis of a falling film with countercurrent gas flow

Weakly nonlinear stability analysis of a falling film with countercurrent gas–liquid flow has been investigated. A normal mode approach and the method of multiple scales are employed to carry out the linear and nonlinear stability solutions for the film flow system. The results show that both supercritical stability and subcritical instability are possible for a film flow system when the gas flows in the countercurrent direction. The stability characteristics of the film flow system are strongly influenced by the effects of interfacial shear stress when the gas flows in the countercurrent direction. The effect of countercurrent gas flow in a falling film is to stabilize the film flow system.     

强旋湍流气粒两相流动的PDPA研究

采用相多普勒颗粒分析仪（ＰＤＰＡ）对切向进气，轴向缩口出口的旋风筒内强旋单相和气粒两相流动进行了实验研究，给出了强旋流场中，两相湍流的运动及相互作用规律     

Wave pattern characteristics of a two-phase nozzle flow by shock propagation

In this paper, the wave pattern characteristics of shock-induced two-phase nozzle flows with the quiescent or moving dusty gas ahead of the incident-shock front has been investigated by using high-resolution numerical method. As compared with the corresponding results in single-phase nozzle flows of the pure gas, obvious differences between these two kinds of flows can be obtained. Received 14 June 1996 / Accepted 19 October 1996     

低渗透微尺度孔隙气体渗流规律

微尺度条件下气体流动特性的研究是现代渗流力学前沿领域之一．分析了低渗透岩石饱和气体渗流实验结果，探索了微尺度孔隙气体渗流规律，探讨了气体非线性渗流力学机理，发现了低渗透岩石微尺度孔隙气体与液体渗流遵循同一形式的运动定律，建立了气体与液体非线性运动定律统一模型．结果表明：新模型与实验结果吻合很好，为微尺度孔隙气体微流动特性研究提供了新的理论依据，对工程地质环境保护及地下流体资源开发有重要指导意义．     

Direct numerical simulation of a freely decaying turbulent interfacial flow

Whereas Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of single-phase flows is already widely used in the CFD world, even for industrial applications, LES of two-phase interfacial flows, i.e. two-phase flows where an interface separates liquid and gas phases, still remains a challenging task. The main issue is the development of subgrid scale models well suited for two-phase interfacial flows. The aim of this work is to generate a detailed data base from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of two-phase interfacial flows in order to clearly understand interactions between small turbulent scales and the interface separating the two phases. This work is a first contribution in the study of the interface/turbulence interaction in the configuration where the interface is widely deformed and where both phases are resolved by DNS. To do this, the interaction between an initially plane interface and a freely decaying homogeneous isotropic turbulence (HIT) is studied. The densities and viscosities are the same for both phases in order to focus on the effect of the surface tension coefficient. Comparisons with existing theories built on wall-bounded or free-surface turbulence are carried out. To understand energy transfers between the interfacial energy and the turbulent one, PDFs of the droplet sizes distribution are calculated. An energy budget is carried out and turbulent statistics are performed including the distance to the interface as a parameter. A spectral analysis is achieved to highlight the energy transfer between turbulent scales of different sizes. The originality of this work is the study of the interface/turbulence interactions in the case of a widely deformed interface evolving in a turbulent flow.     

Numerical approach for generic three-phase flow based on cut-cell and ghost fluid methods

In this paper, we introduce numerical methods that can simulate complex multiphase flows. The finite volume method, applying Cartesian cut-cell is used in the computational domain, containing fluid and solid, to conserve mass and momentum. With this method, flows in and around any geometry can be simulated without complex and time consuming meshing. For the fluid region, which involves liquid and gas, the ghost fluid method is employed to handle the stiffness of the interface discontinuity problem. The interaction between each phase is treated simply by wall function models or jump conditions of pressure, velocity and shear stress at the interface. The sharp interface method “coupled level set (LS) and volume of fluid (VOF)” is used to represent the interface between the two fluid phases. This approach will combine some advantages of both interface tracking/capturing methods, such as the excellent mass conservation from the VOF method and good accuracy of interface normal computation from the LS function. The first coupled LS and VOF will be generated to reconstruct the interface between solid and the other materials. The second will represent the interface between liquid and gas.     

The possibility of measuring turbulence by a correlation method

In [1] a correlation method for measuring the velocity pulsations in stationary plasma flows was described. The magnitude of the pulsations was determined from the value of the frequency deviation in the spectrum of the cross-correlation functions of optical fluctuations at two closely arranged points along the flow.In the present work, an attempt is made to justify such a method for measuring the characteristics of turbulence both in plasma and in any low-temperature gas flows.     

Asymptotic laws of damping of weak continuous and shock waves in dust-laden gas

Analytic investigations into the damping of perturbations in dust-laden gas have been restricted to self-similar flows [1, 2] and flows with a symmetry plane, it being assumed in the latter case that thermal and velocity equilibrium of the phases is established instantaneously [3–6], i.e., the relaxation time of the medium is short. In the present paper, asymptotic laws of damping are obtained for plane, cylindrical, and spherical shock and continuous waves whose amplitude and width are such that the acceleration of the particles and the change in their temperature can be ignored. It is assumed that between the phases there is heat transfer proportional to the temperature difference and frictional momentum transfer proportional to the difference between the velocities of the phases. The obtained laws of damping of plane waves are found to be entirely analogous to the laws of damping of magnetohydrodynamic waves in a medium with finite conductivity, when the presence of Joule dissipation and the additional ponderomotive force in the traveling wave or in the gas flow behind the shock wave leads to exponential damping of the wave amplitude [7–9].