T300/648迭层板接头挤压疲劳损伤参数的选择与测定

本文对碳纤维增强复合材料迭层板(C.F.R.P)接头在不同环境条件下的挤压疲劳损伤扩展进行了实验研究.并根据“剩余强度,剩余刚度”理论和“疲劳模量”概念,讨论了接头的刚度下降和强度变化.由此提出了“损伤参数”D的定义和测量方法;并对损伤试件,进行了X射线检测分析,验证了累积损伤的扩展.     

含直对称裂纹的一维六方压电准晶对SH波的散射Scattering of SH wave by a linear symmetric crack at one-dimensional piezoelectric hexagonal quasicrystals

利用积分变换技术,结合Copson方法,研究了含直线型对称裂纹的一维六方压电准晶对SH波的散射问题。通过求解对偶积分方程,得到声子场、相位子场应力、位移及电场电位移分量的解析解。定义了裂纹尖端应力强度因子及电位移强度因子,给出了电非渗透性条件下应力强度因子及电位移强度因子的解析解。此研究结果对压电准晶材料的工程应用有一定的理论价值。     

准晶数学弹性力学和缺陷力学

对准晶数学弹性理论的基本概念和基本框架作了介绍,在此基础上分别针对目前已经发现的几类一维准晶、二维准晶和三维准晶讨论了其数学弹性的理论体系．为了求解准晶弹性的边值问题或初值一边值问题,还必须发展相应的方法论．物理工作者在研究准晶位错弹性问题中发展了Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数方法．针对一维与二维准晶弹性中几类问题提出了分解与叠加程序,这一程序的使用,使极其复杂的准晶弹性问题得到简化,进而引进位移函数或应力函数,把数目。庞大的准晶弹性基本方程化成一个或少数几个高阶偏微分方程,进一步使求解步骤大为简化．对三维立方准晶弹性也采用了类似步骤使求解过程大为简化．在以上化简的基础上,发展了准晶弹性的边值问题或初值一边值问题的复交函数方法和 Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ分析方法,求得了一系列准晶位错问题和裂纹问题的分析解（古典解）．在研究准晶弹性的边值问题古典解的同时,也讨论了同这些边值问题相对应的变分问题和广义解（弱解）以及这种弱解的数值方法──有限元法．在物理学家工作基础上开展的这些工作可以看作对经典数学弹性理论和方法、经典Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ位错理论、普通结构材料断裂力学和经典有限元的某些发展．此外,还把一维六方准晶弹性动力学的结果与统计物理的某些     

准晶数学弹性力学和缺陷力学

对准晶数学弹性理论的基本概念和基本框架作了介绍,在此基础上分别针对目前已经发现的几类一维准晶、二维准晶和三维准晶讨论了其数学弹性的理论体系．为了求解准晶弹性的边值问题或初值一边值问题,还必须发展相应的方法论．物理工作者在研究准晶位错弹性问题中发展了Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数方法．针对一维与二维准晶弹性中几类问题提出了分解与叠加程序,这一程序的使用,使极其复杂的准晶弹性问题得到简化,进而引进位移函数或应力函数,把数目。庞大的准晶弹性基本方程化成一个或少数几个高阶偏微分方程,进一步使求解步骤大为简化．对三维立方准晶弹性也采用了类似步骤使求解过程大为简化．在以上化简的基础上,发展了准晶弹性的边值问题或初值一边值问题的复交函数方法和 Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ分析方法,求得了一系列准晶位错问题和裂纹问题的分析解（古典解）．在研究准晶弹性的边值问题古典解的同时,也讨论了同这些边值问题相对应的变分问题和广义解（弱解）以及这种弱解的数值方法──有限元法．在物理学家工作基础上开展的这些工作可以看作对经典数学弹性理论和方法、经典Ｖｏｌｔｅｒｒａ位错理论、普通结构材料断裂力学和经典有限元的某些发展．此外,还把一维六方准晶弹性动力学的结果与统计物理的某些      

基于集值决策的机载冗余惯导系统状态判决方法

针对多套惯导系统冗余配置中，余度管理策略的有效性和完备性难以分析和评估的问题，采用 集值信息系统构建机载冗余惯性参考系统状态集值决策系统，为余度管理策略的评估和分析提供理论 依据。分析传统机载惯性余度管理策略存在的决策风险，建立包含不确定项的冗余惯性参考系统状态 决策系统，并基于各状态隶属度函数评价各子系统状态变化特性，确保决策系统的完备性。开展仿真 试验，验证对比两种余度管理策略对三种典型的惯性传感器故障类型的故障识别率。试验结果表明： 改进的策略对于典型故障类型中的两种时变故障的识别率，相较于传统策略分别提高了 3.9%和 6.9%， 提高了判决指标接近判别门限时的状态判决准确性。     

Janbu土力学体系述评

挪威工学院土力学教授N.Janbu是国际著名学者,是挪威土工研究所和挪威工学院土工专业的创始人之一。他在土力学研究中提出了广义正切模量、抗剪强度发挥程度及Janbu孔隙水压力系数等一系列基本定义与概念,并将其应用于土中应力与变形、强度与稳定性的计算中。他的理论和方法与目前广泛应用的土力学计算理论和方法有明显的不同与特点,不仅      

加强孔口应力集中系数的合理定义

为了合理地定义加强孔口的应力集中系数,以便能更好地反映加强环的效果,合理地设计加强环,本文提出了联系强度理论定义应力集中系数的建议。     

Kirchhoff弹性杆分析动力学的准坐标表达

作为DNA的力学模型,依据Kirchhoff动力学比拟思想建立的弹性细杆的分析力学方法已从静力学深入到动力学。由于静力学平衡微分方程与刚体动力学相当,因此,弹性细杆动力学的分析力学方程必是以弧坐标和时间为双自变量的偏微分方程。以横截面的形心速度以及弯扭度和角速度沿主轴的分量为准速度,定义了准坐标,导出了准坐标的微分和变分运算的交换关系。从Hamilton原理出发,利用准坐标的微分和变分运算的交换关系,导出了Kirchhoff弹性杆动力学准坐标下的Boltzmann-Hamel方程,并由此导出Lanrange方程。指出了Boltzmann-Hamel方程显式即为弹性杆动力学的Kirchhoff方程。定义关于弧坐标和时间的正则变量和Hamilton函数,导出Boltzmann-Hamel方程的正则形式。本文结果是以弹性杆静力学和刚性杆动力学为其特例。作为例子,建立了垂挂的在重力作用下作平面运动的弹性细杆的动力学微分方程以说明本文方法的应用。     

冲击波作用下铝的准弹性卸载行为

根据一维应变冲击波的基本关系,将Cochran 等定义的有效剪切模量与准弹性卸载过程的纵波和体波声速关联起来,并藉此研究了冲击波作用下铝的准弹性卸载特性. 利用VISAR高压声速测量技术获得了LY12铝在20$\sim$100\,GPa压力下沿着准弹性卸载过程的有效剪切模量,结果表明LY12铝的有效剪切模量随卸载应力的下降而迅速下降. 采用与卸载应力成线性关系的方程对有效剪切模量进行了近似描述,该方程的斜率随初始冲击压力的增加而增加,体现了准弹性卸载行为的压力相关性. 将有效剪切模量结果与准静态实验结果进行了比较,由此分析了冲击波作用下准弹性卸载过程的可能物理机制. 应用有效剪切模量方程对6061铝合金的准弹性行为进行了模拟,计算结果与实验结果符合很好.      

两种简便的应力强度因子表达式

本文给出两种常用的应力强度因子表达式，其精度在常用的范围内（ａ／ｂ０．８）分别好于５％和３％，所采用的推导方法，只涉及基本的材料力学知识和应力强度因子的概念。     

基于S准则发展的混凝土动态多轴强度准则

通过对经典强度理论或准则的强度参数分析,将强度参数转化为由混凝土的单轴压缩和单轴拉伸强度表示,结合S准则给出的混凝土单轴强度的率效应规律,得出了强度参数受应变率影响的率效应函数,进而将常用的静态多轴强度准则摩尔-库伦强度理论、松岗-中井强度理论、德鲁克-普拉格强度理论、拉得-邓肯强度准则和胡克-布朗强度准则发展为动态多轴强度准则.利用混凝土动态单轴压缩和动态单轴拉伸试验结果统计分析给出的S准则率效应参数,分析了5种强度准则中强度参数随应变率的变化规律以及取值范围.基于混凝土单轴压缩和单轴拉伸强度,分别给出了5种强度准则在子午面、偏平面和平面应力条件下的强度曲线与主应力空间中的强度曲面,对比分析了5种强度准则间的异同,以及每种强度准则随应变率的变化规律.利用混凝土材料的动态双轴和动态真三轴强度试验结果,分析评价了5种动态多轴强度准则,并且阐述了各动态多轴强度准则的应变率适用范围.德鲁克-普拉格强度理论与试验结果相差甚远,不适于描述混凝土材料的强度规律.动态双轴加载时,在拉压区各强度准则差别不大,都可较好地描述试验规律;在压压区各强度准则差别较大,松岗-中井强度理论与试验结果吻合最好.在动态真三轴比例加载时,摩尔-库伦强度理论和胡克-布朗强度准则无法考虑中主应力的影响;松岗-中井强度理论和拉得-邓肯强度准则都可较好地描述试验规律.      

复杂应力条件下脆性材料的受拉破坏准则

根据脆性材料微粒对之间距离超过特定距离而破坏的微观机理,结合宏细观试验结果指出的绝大多数的破坏颗粒对的方向与σ1的方向之间的夹角都大于0°这一事实,导出了新的脆性材料张破坏准则: σ1 ασ2 βσ3≤[σ],式中系数β与材料的优势角θ(破坏颗粒对的方向与σ1的方向之间的夹角的某种平均) 和泊松比μ有关．同时还指出了经典强度理论由于没有考虑优势角从而导致了它们与宏观实验结果不符．实验结果表明,在张破坏条件下此准则比经典的准则有更高的精度．     

Motion planning for redundant prismatic-jointed manipulators in the free-floating mode

This paper investigates the motion planning of redundant free-floating manipulators with seven prismatic joints. On the earth, prismatic-jointed manipulators could only position their end-effectors in a desired way. However, in space, the end-effectors of free-floating manipulators can achieve both the desired orientation and desired position due to the dynamical coupling between manipulator and satellite movement, which is formally expressed by linear and angular momentum conservation laws. In this study, a tractable algorithm particle swarm optimization combined with differential evolution (PSODE) is provided to deal with the motion planning of redundant free-floating prismatic-jointed manipulators, which could avoid the pseudo inverse of the Jacobian matrix. The polynomial functions, as argument in sine functions are used to specify the joint paths. The coefficients of the polynomials are optimized to achieve the desired end-effector orientation and position, and simultaneously minimize the unit-mass-kinetic energy using the redundancy. Relevant simulations prove that this method provides satisfactory smooth paths for redundant free-floating prismatic-jointed manipulators. This study could help to recognize the advantages of redundant prismatic-jointed space manipulators.     

一种碳纤维织物增强复合材料应变率相关的各向异性强度准则

为了获得一种碳纤维二维正交平纹机织布增强树脂基复合材料在一维应变状态下的强度准则,在已完成的准静态和动态压缩实验的基础上,拟合出了单轴压缩下三个主方向上的计及应变率的应力-应变关系式,进而得到初始屈服应力和压缩破坏强度与应变率相关性表达式。依据该表达式,得到了该复合材料在一维应变下考虑应变率效应的Tsai-Hill屈服强度和破坏强度准则方程。通过计算,考察了Tsai-Hill屈服强度和破坏强度准则随应变率的变化规律。结果表明,本文中研究的复合材料的强度性能,不但存在应变率效应,而且这种效应是各向异性的。     

Study on vibration reduction and mobility improvement for?the flexible manipulator via redundancy resolution

The flexible redundant manipulator, i.e., the flexible manipulator with redundant rigid degrees of freedom, possesses the same kinematic redundancy property as the rigid redundant manipulator. Some undesired effects on the flexible redundant manipulator are expected to alleviate via kinematic redundancy. Due to the presence of structural flexibility, a manipulator will inevitably vibrate when performing tasks. Therefore, how to reduce its vibration responses is a significant problem. Moreover, the manipulator??s mobility, i.e., its ability to move, is another important issue, because good mobility is a desirable goal for almost all robotic manipulator systems. In this paper, how to reduce vibration and improve mobility is studied for the flexible redundant manipulator. Firstly, a method for vibration control via redundancy resolution is put forward. Secondly, the self-motions satisfying vibration reduction are analyzed, and its additional optimization ability is revealed. Based on this ability, a strategy is proposed to both reduce vibration and improve mobility for the flexible redundant manipulator. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy.     

纤维束增强复合材料细观统计破坏理论

本文分别用剪滞模型和载荷几何局部分配法则分析了纤维束和束中纤维的载荷集中。在此基础上,利用裂纹临界核模型的统计方法,建立了小纤维束(须考虑纤维束的边界影响)和大纤维束增强复合材料的细观统计破坏准则,并用这两个准则研究了纤维束增强复合材料的断裂强度问题,所算得的强度和裂纹临界长度的合理性表明了这两个准则的正确性。     

UNIFIED STRENGTH THEORY AND ITS APPLICATION

This book provides a new Unified Strength Theory and describes its applications. The Unified Strength Theory is a system of yield and failure criteria of materials under complex stresses. It covers the entire range of convex failure criteria, from lower bound (Tresca yield criteria and Mohr-Coulomb failure criteria) to upper bound (twin-shear failure criteria). It also includes the non-convex yield and non-convex failure criteria. A series of new failure criteria and previous failure and yield criteria can be deduced from the Unified Strength Theory. The work presented in this book is unprecedented in the field of strength theory. It is useful for students in understanding the strength theory, for engineers to correctly use it and for researchers to choose an appropriate failure criteria in studying the strength of materials and structures. An experimental verification, engineering applications, a detailed historical review and more than 1000 references are provided. Written for Researchers in applied mechanics and materials science     

Investigation on critical triaxiality along unified yield loci at crack tip under mixed mode (I + II) fracture

Metallic components used in industries and day to day appliances often contain micro-cracks. In general, cracks occur in various orientations to the loading axis. The present paper discusses the criticality of stress triaxiality, a well-known ductile fracture parameter, on the yield loci at the crack tip. In the process, an old model of stress triaxiality has been generalized using unified strength theory to incorporate various convex and nonconvex failure criteria, including single shear, twin shear, etc. The new triaxiality model also reveals about the effect of intermediate principal stress at the crack tip for materials with and without strength difference. The crack initiation angles at the crack tip, obtained through the proposed model have been found to be in unison with those obtained through other fracture criteria.     

强度理论百年总结

自从1900年著名的Mohr-Coulomb强度理论建立以来,已有100年的历史.在20世纪,关于材料在复杂应力状态下的强度理论进行了大量的理论研究和实验研究工作.本文对材料(包括金属材料、岩石、土、混凝土、冰、铁、聚合物、含能材料等)在复杂应力状态下强度理论(屈服准则、破坏准则等)的百年发展进行了总结,讨论了各种准则之间的关系,为研究和工程应用中的合理选择破坏准则提供了一种方法.文中还总结了三大系列强度理论、统一屈服准则、统一强度理论和其他各种强度理论,并简述了强度理论的计算机实施,以及多轴疲劳等问题.     

Rational approaches for combining redundant,independent measurements to minimize combined experimental uncertainty

General methods for combining multiple, independent measurements for minimized uncertainty are presented. Although the methods are general, the presentation is motivated by the reduction of heat exchanger performance data. It is demonstrated that the prevalent practice of using the arithmetic mean of two measured heat transfer rates for the evaluation of heat exchanger performance, which is widely adopted in the literature and used in engineering standards, does not always lead to reduced experimental uncertainty and very rarely—if ever—leads to a minimized experimental uncertainty. For the case of averaging two redundant measurements, simple criteria are developed to determine whether using the arithmetic mean or a single measurement yields a smaller absolute or relative uncertainty. Then, more general methods are proposed in the form of weighted-linear averages, in which the weight factors are determined to minimize the combined uncertainty. The methods are generally applicable to averaging any number of redundant measurements with varying uncertainties.