微振激励下黏弹性阻尼器微观链结构力学模型

减小微振动对高精密仪器至关重要,利用黏弹性阻尼器进行微振动抑制是一个新兴而又具有挑战性的课题.本文采用分子链网络模型方法分析了黏弹性材料的微观分子链结构,综合考虑材料分子链结构中的网络链和自由链对黏弹性材料力学性能的影响,提出一种基于材料微观分子链结构的微振激励下黏弹性阻尼器力学模型.模型分别采用标准线性固体模型和Maxwell模型来描述网络链和自由链中单个链的力学性能,并分别采用8链网络模型和3链网络模型考虑两种类型分子链的综合效应,引入温频等效原理描述温度对微振激励下黏弹性阻尼器力学性能的影响.该模型能够描述温度和频率对黏弹性阻尼器动态力学性能的影响,并能够反映黏弹性材料的微观结构与材料力学性能的关系.为验证所提模型的有效性及考察黏弹性阻尼器在微振激励下的耗能能力和动态力学性能,在微振条件下对黏弹性阻尼器进行了动态力学性能试验.研究结果表明黏弹性阻尼器具有较好的微振耗能能力,其动态力学性能受温度和频率影响较大,所提的力学模型能够精确地描述微振激励下黏弹性阻尼器动态力学性能随温度和频率的变化关系.      

一种复合磁流变阻尼器的设计及性能试验

设计制作了一种新型的复合阻尼器,并在电液伺服动静万能试验机上对其进行了性能试验,重点研究了阻尼器在低频(1Hz)下的工作性能,并采用修正的非线性滞回双粘性模型,结合试验结果,确定了其中的模型参数.研究得到将永久磁场和电流磁场结合起来从而实现阻尼器的逆向控制的设计思路是可行的,铜质隔磁环的设置保证了磁力线沿理论设计的路径穿行,又使线圈避免与磁流变液的长期接触腐蚀从而提高其耐久性.所采用的修正的非线性滞回双粘性模型较好地模拟了阻尼器的低频性能,为此类阻尼器在低频下的应用提供了理论依据.阻尼器的阻尼力-位移滞回曲线比较饱满,阻尼力-速度曲线基本符合理论假定.在0.1~1Hz频段内,修正的非线性滞回双粘性模型中的各参数取值较为稳定.     

结构振动的滑模变结构半主动控制

研究应用磁流变阻尼器(MRD)对结构振动半主动控制的算法和原理。研制并对磁流变阻尼器进行了阻尼特性实验，采用非线性滞回双粘性模型描述磁流变阻尼器的阻尼特性，模型结果与实验结果非常一致。采用滑模控制算法和趋近律方法设计了半主动控制器。利用滑模控制方法所建立的控制器，本文给出了地震激励下结构振动半主动控制算例。计算分析表明，半主动滑模控制具有控制效果明显、鲁棒性好等优点，是一种非常有发展前途的控制方法。     

地震作用下高层结构分布式多重调谐质量阻尼器振动控制研究

针对地震作用下高层结构振动调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)被动控制问题,基于沿结构高度分布多个阻尼器的策略,研究分布式多重调谐质量阻尼器(DMTMD)控制策略并应用于高层结构振动控制中。采用ANSYS软件对20层钢框架结构Benchmark模型建立有限元模型并进行模态分析,依据振型幅值确定多个阻尼器的楼层位置分布。将DMTMD控制策略的有效性和鲁棒性分别与仅在结构顶层安置阻尼器的单个调谐质量阻尼器(STMD)和多重调谐质量阻尼器(MTMD)控制策略进行比对。结果表明:DMTMD能有效地抑制结构地震反应,其控制效果与MTMD相近,且明显优于STMD。在考虑模型结构刚度不确定性的鲁棒性分析中,DMTMD的控制效果仍明显优于STMD和MTMD两种控制方案。     

百色水利枢纽主要工程地质问题及施工处理

应用拉索索端阻尼器是大跨度斜拉桥拉索减振的主要措施之一. 将主梁、 索与阻尼器组合起来作为一个振动体系,通过理论分析与试验研究相结合的方法初步研究了 主梁振动对拉索附加阻尼器减振效果的影响. 建立了由索、梁和Kelvin阻尼器组成的简化理 论模型; 设计了索、梁和阻尼器组合系统的简化力学试验模型; 详细研究了主梁振动对拉 索附加阻尼器减振效果的影响. 理论与试验分析结果表明: 对于容易发生索、梁耦合振动的 拉索,主梁振动明显降低拉索附加阻尼器的减振效果;在大跨度斜拉桥拉索的减振设计中, 需考虑主梁参与振动的影响.     

斜拉桥主梁振动对拉索阻尼器减振效果的影响

应用拉索索端阻尼器是大跨度斜拉桥拉索减振的主要措施之一. 将主梁、索与阻尼器组合起来作为一个振动体系,通过理论分析与试验研究相结合的方法初步研究了主梁振动对拉索附加阻尼器减振效果的影响. 建立了由索、梁和Kelvin阻尼器组成的简化理论模型; 设计了索、梁和阻尼器组合系统的简化力学试验模型; 详细研究了主梁振动对拉索附加阻尼器减振效果的影响. 理论与试验分析结果表明: 对于容易发生索、梁耦合振动的拉索,主梁振动明显降低拉索附加阻尼器的减振效果;在大跨度斜拉桥拉索的减振设计中,需考虑主梁参与振动的影响.      

环形调液阻尼器振动控制中拍的研究

对环形调液阻尼器减振控制中的拍现象进行研究,分析了环形调液阻尼器对结构纯扭转振动控制中的拍现象,分别考虑无阻尼结构体系、主体结构有阻尼而CTLCD无阻尼的体系及主体结构和CTLCD中均有阻尼的体系,从数学角度对拍现象发生的机理进行解释.研究结构表明,当拍现象发生时,主体结构的振动不仅不会受到抑制,有时反而会加强;当环形调液阻尼器的阻尼增大到一定程度时,拍现象会消失;对于受廹振动,发生拍现象时,由于结构反应的瞬态部分不能得到迅速衰减,结构的瞬态响应将会占结构响应的很大一部分,如果仅考虑结构的稳态响应会带来较大的误差.     

随机风场下高层结构振动隔震与TMD混合控制研究

针对风荷载作用下高层建筑结构振动控制问题,基于建筑隔震和调谐质量阻尼器振动控制原理,利用ANSYS软件分别建立高层结构带隔震层和带调谐质量阻尼器(TMD)的单一控制策略以及两者相结合的混合振动控制策略。根据Davenport脉动风速谱,采用自回归模型(AutoRegressive,AR)法,考虑竖向相关性、平稳的多变量随机过程以及它的互谱密度矩阵模拟生成具有随机性的脉动风速时程曲线和风速谱的功率谱密度,并用于20层钢结构Benchmark结构模型。系统比较三种振动控制策略在顺风向脉动风载作用下的控制效果,结果表明隔震与TMD混合振动控制方法可以有效地抑制结构风振响应,控制效果很好地弥补了单一振动控制的缺陷。本文方法可应用于大尺度高层结构振动控制中,实现高层建筑结构风振响应的可靠控制。     

基于改进Bouc-Wen模型的磁流变阻尼器建模及验证

针对建立磁流变阻尼器非线性动力学模型的问题,从改进的Bouc-Wen模型出发,在磁流变阻尼器力学特性试验的基础上,以仿真值与实测值之间的误差作为目标函数,采用Simulink-Parameter Estimation模块中非线性最小二乘法进行参数识别,然后确定磁流变阻尼器调控参数与控制电压之间的函数关系。根据参数识别结果对磁流变阻尼器进行精确建模,最后采用实测试验数据对模型进行验证。结果表明:得到的6参数精确力学模型精度较高,说明该模型通用性较强。     

磁流变阻尼器汽车悬架的非线性振动特性分析

通过对磁流变阻尼器sigmoid模型进行数值计算分析,揭示了各参数对该模型阻尼力的影响,证明了通过合理有效地选择参数可设计出符合工程实际应用的磁流变阻尼器.对确定性激励下磁流变阻尼器的Sigmoid模型进行了理论分析.指出了采用非线性的阻尼器模型能更精确地描述汽车悬架的振动特性.从而证明了磁流变阻尼器有良好的使用价值和Sigmoid模型磁流变阻尼器在汽车控制工程应用中的可行性.     

大跨度双层网壳的非线性动态响应

网壳结构在大跨度结构中得到广泛应用．在建立了双层网格扁球壳的非线性强迫振动微分方程的基础上,研究了在边缘滑动固定的边界条件下,双层网格扁球壳的非线性动态响应问题．用突变理论建立了该网壳的尖点突变模型,得出了突变的临界方程,并阐述了网壳参数对该结构动态屈曲的影响．     

Transition sets analysis based parametrical design of nonlinear metal rubber isolator

This research proposes the parametrical design of Metal Rubber (MR) isolation platform based on the investigation of nonlinear vibration properties under different types of excitation. Based on the mechanical model established by experiments, the restoring force of the isolation platform is proposed as a nonlinear function in consideration of the stiffness nonlinearity and Coulomb friction of metal wires. Then, the perturbation method is utilized to solve the steady states whose local stability is studied by singularity theory. The main results obtained by singularity theory show that there are five different types of vibration property, and the critical conditions for the transformation of different vibration properties are defined by transition sets. For impact excitation, the optimum structural parameters are obtained based on the vibration dissipation time via nonlinear backbone analysis; for periodic excitation, the optimum structural parameters are determined according to multiple standards including the bandwidth for effective isolation, bandwidth for multi-steady states, resonance peak and displacement transmissibility in high frequency band etc. The vibration performances for optimum structural parameters are verified by dynamical experiments. In conclusion, this paper carries out a novel sight of choosing optimum parameters, and therefore provides the guidance for the utilization of MR isolation platform for different types of excitation in engineering practices.     

一类新型多方向准零刚度隔振平台

本文提出了一种新的多自由度非线性隔振平台．利用一组预压的三角机构和曲面边界同时实现了竖直-旋转多自由度上的负刚度特性,结合正刚度原件,实现竖直-旋转多自由度准零刚度特性．首先,文章基于平面问题建立竖直-旋转两自由度隔振平台的力学模型,确定结构参数与非线性刚度之间的关系．可以看到,通过设计预压弹性元件的结构参数可以同时实现两自由度的准零刚度特性．然后,利用谐波平衡法建立振动响应与频率之间的关系,确定有效的振动带隙的宽度,由此确定结构参数的最优取值．本文提出的隔振平台可以用于大型装备的隔振,也适用于微振动的工况,还可以作为教学的演示实验．     

Performance of Nonlinear Vibration Absorbers for Multi-Degrees-of-Freedom Systems Using Nonlinear Normal Modes

Linear vibration absorbers are a valuable tool used to suppressvibrations due to harmonic excitation in structural systems. Whilelimited evaluation of the performance of nonlinear vibrationabsorbers for nonlinear structures exists in the literature forsingle mode structures, none exists for multi-mode structures.Consequently, nonlinear multiple-degrees-of-freedom structures areevaluated. The theory of nonlinear normal modes is extended toinclude consideration of modal damping, excitation and smalllinear coupling, allowing estimation of vibration absorberperformance. The dynamics of the N +1-degrees-of-freedom system areshown to reduce to those of a two-degrees-of-freedom system on afour-dimensional nonlinear modal manifold, thereby simplifying theanalysis. Quantitative agreement is shown to require a higher-order model which is recommended for future investigation.     

Active vibration control of nonlinear benchmark buildings

The present nonlinear model reduction methods unfit the nonlinear benchmark buildings as their vibration equations belong to a non-affine system. Meanwhile, the controllers designed directly by the nonlinear control strategy have a high order, and they are difficult to be applied actually. Therefore, a new active vibration control way which fits the nonlinear buildings is proposed. The idea of the proposed way is based on the model identification and structural model linearization, and exerting the control force to the built model according to the force action principle. This proposed way has a better practicability as the built model can be reduced by the balance reduction method based on the empirical Grammian matrix. A three-story benchmark structure is presented and the simulation results illustrate that the proposed method is viable for the civil engineering structures.     

The jump phenomenon effect on the sound absorption of a nonlinear panel absorber and sound transmission loss of a nonlinear panel backed by a cavity

Theoretical analysis of the nonlinear vibration effects on the sound absorption of a panel absorber and sound transmission loss of a panel backed by a rectangular cavity is herein presented. The harmonic balance method is employed to derive a structural acoustic formulation from two-coupled partial differential equations representing the nonlinear structural forced vibration and induced acoustic pressure; one is the well-known von Karman??s plate equation and the other is the homogeneous wave equation. This method has been used in a previous study of nonlinear structural vibration, in which its results agreed well with the elliptic solution. To date, very few classical solutions for this nonlinear structural-acoustic problem have been developed, although there are many for nonlinear plate or linear structural-acoustic problems. Thus, for verification purposes, an approach based on the numerical integration method is also developed to solve the nonlinear structural-acoustic problem. The solutions obtained with the two methods agree well with each other. In the parametric study, the panel displacement amplitude converges with increases in the number of harmonic terms and acoustic and structural modes. The effects of excitation level, cavity depth, boundary condition, and damping factor are also examined. The main findings include the following: (1)?the well-known ??jump phenomenon?? in nonlinear vibration is seen in the sound absorption and transmission loss curves; (2)?the absorption peak and transmission loss dip due to the nonlinear resonance are significantly wider than those in the linear case because of the wider resonant bandwidth; and (3)?nonlinear vibration has the positive effect of widening the absorption bandwidth, but it also degrades the transmission loss at the resonant frequency.     

Piecewise constrained optimization harmonic balance method for predicting the limit cycle oscillations of an airfoil with various nonlinear structures

A method is proposed to calculate the periodic solutions of piecewise nonlinear systems. The method is based on analytical derivation of nonlinear multi-harmonic equations of motion. Since periodic variations of nonlinear forces are characterized by different states, the vibration cycle is broken into sequential transition intervals according to the instant sets of state transitions. Analytical formulations of the harmonic coefficients of the nonlinear forces and its derivatives with respect to the harmonic coefficients of displacements are developed. Sensitivities of the harmonic coefficients of periodic solutions are determined for constructing explicit expressions for vibration amplitude levels as a function of structural parameters. Numerical investigations of the limit cycle oscillations and its sensitivities of an airfoil with different piecewise nonlinearities have been performed. The results show that the developed method is capable of determining the periodic solutions and its sensitivities with respect to the structural parameters. In order to guarantee time continuity of the nonlinear force, for the hysteresis model it is not right to track the periodic solutions by using the preload or freeplay as the continuation parameters.     

Vibration control of nonlinear Absorber–Isolator-Combined structure with time-delayed coupling

A nonlinear combined structure consisted of isolator and absorber with time-delayed coupling active control is proposed in this study, whose vibration suppression effectiveness and control mechanism are investigated. The mathematical model of the combined structure is obtained and stability analysis for different structural parameters and time delay are firstly carried out, which provides a general guideline for the ranges of active control parameters. Then the combined effect of nonlinearity and time delay on vibration suppression and energy transfer is discussed in details based on the analysis of control mechanism by the method of multiple scales. Since the time-delayed nonlinear absorber can induce internal resonance between different modes, the vibration energy at low frequencies can be transferred to high frequency mode and the vibration of the fundamental frequency range is thus suppressed. This paper provides a novel application of internal resonance in vibration suppression of an Absorber–Isolator-Combined structure.     

考虑参数不确定性的非线性梁随机振动分析

非线性系统的随机振动分析一直是结构动力学领域中的难点,已有一些研究表明基于矩等效的线性化方法在功率谱预测上会得到不恰当的分析结果;另一方面,由于不确定性在实际工程中普遍存在,如果同时考虑非线性和不确定性,更是显著增加了问题难度。本文以具有非线性非理想边界梁为研究对象,基于梁模型的动力学微分方程推导了对应的广义频响函数,并应用Volterra级数理论建立了非线性系统随机振动的谱分析方法,最后,结合蒙特卡洛抽样方法计算了具有参数不确定性非线性梁响应功率谱的均值和方差,讨论了不确定性对结构随机振动响应统计特征的影响。     

Aeroelastic analysis of large horizontal wind turbine baldes

A nonlinear aeroelastic analysis method for large horizontal wind turbines is described. A vortex wake method and a nonlinear finite element method (FEM) are coupled in the approach. The vortex wake method is used to predict wind turbine aerodynamic loads of a wind turbine, and a three-dimensional (3D) shell model is built for the rotor. Average aerodynamic forces along the azimuth are applied to the structural model, and the nonlinear static aeroelastic behaviors are computed. The wind rotor modes are obtained at the static aeroelastic status by linearizing the coupled equations. The static aeroelastic performance and dynamic aeroelastic responses are calculated for the NH1500 wind turbine. The results show that structural geometrical nonlinearities significantly reduce displacements and vibration amplitudes of the wind turbine blades. Therefore, structural geometrical nonlinearities cannot be neglected both in the static aeroelastic analysis and dynamic aeroelastic analysis.