弱动力扰动对花岗岩圆形隧洞岩爆影响的试验研究

为探究弱动力扰动对岩爆的影响，利用高压伺服动真三轴试验机，对含预制圆形贯穿孔洞的红色中粗晶粒立方体花岗岩试样进行弱动力扰动荷载条件下的岩爆模型试验，模拟隧洞洞壁围岩的岩爆弹射破坏过程，并采用声发射系统和视频观测系统对其进行监测、记录。基于无扰动、高应力下开始施加扰动和低应力下开始施加扰动3种加载路径的试验数据，从岩爆弹射破坏、岩爆坑破坏形态、声发射信号特征及岩爆烈度4个方面，详细分析弱动力扰动条件下的岩爆特征。研究结果表明:弱动力扰动会降低洞壁围岩发生岩爆时所需要的应力水平，增大岩爆破坏发生的范围。高应力下开始施加的扰动荷载会促进最终岩爆快速发生；而在低应力下开始施加的扰动荷载，岩爆的发生过程较为缓慢。相比与静应力条件下的岩爆，高应力下开始施加扰动触发的岩爆更剧烈，低应力下开始施加扰动触发的岩爆剧烈程度较弱。这主要是因为在高应力下开始施加的扰动对能量释放起到了激发和放大的作用，低应力下开始施加的扰动对能量释放仅起到激发的作用。     

花岗岩晶粒尺寸对岩爆影响的试验研究

为探究晶粒尺寸对硬脆性岩石岩爆的影响，利用真三轴岩爆试验系统，对细中、中粗两种不同晶粒尺寸的含预制圆孔花岗岩开展了岩爆模拟试验。试验结果表明:在相同的加载过程中，细中晶粒花岗岩出现板裂静态脆性破坏，而中粗晶粒花岗岩出现岩爆动力破坏；细中晶粒花岗岩早期声发射活动较弱，大破裂、低主频事件在时空分布上较集中，特征应力较大，而中粗晶粒花岗岩早期声发射活动较活跃，大破裂、低主频事件在时空分布上较离散，特征应力较小，碎屑破碎程度更高。晶粒尺寸对花岗岩的岩爆倾向性具有重要影响，晶粒尺寸较大的硬脆性岩石的岩爆倾向性更强。深部地下岩体工程的岩爆倾向性评价中，除强度和脆性外，晶粒尺寸也是需要考虑的重要因素。     

岩爆预警与烈度评价的声音信号分析

利用真三轴岩爆实验系统在室内再现了岩爆动力破坏过程,采用数字录音笔对岩爆过程的声音信号进行监测,在声音信号预处理的基础上,对岩爆过程中的颗粒弹射、岩板劈裂、块片弹射3种岩石脆性破坏现象的不同声音特征指标进行分析。结果表明:3种典型脆性破坏现象的声音信号在波形、频谱、声纹和短时能量等特性指标上存在明显差异,这些特征指标适用于岩爆的特征提取。提出了一种基于声音信号的岩爆烈度评价指标——局部声响总能量,该指标适用于定量评价岩爆发生的剧烈程度。     

The study of sabot-discarding mechanism of gas-propelled APDS

I.IntroductionDifferentfromthetraditionaIarmor-piercingprojectilewithdiscardingsabot(abbreviatedtoAPDS),thegas-propeIIedAPDSautomatical1ydiscardsitssabotbasedonaerodynamicsprinciples.Simpleinstructure,itis1nadeupofarod-likeshellandacylindricalhollowsabot(…     

秦岭公路隧道2号竖井地应力与岩爆分析

利用水平圆柱形激波管对激波驱动的可压缩性气固两相流进行了试验研究. 利用压电式压力传感器、电荷放大器、示波器及计算机组成的压力信号测试系统, 对激波 与颗粒作用前后的气相参数进行测量及分析. 试验中测得了激波在管中的传播速 度, 波后气流的压力, 反射激波、透射激波的压力和速度等. 分别考察颗粒、装载 比、驱动气源以及入射激波马赫数等因素的差异对气相参数的影响. 试验结果表明: 激波与颗粒群相互作用时, 会产生反射激波和透射激波, 其强度与驱动气源、颗粒大小、颗粒装载比等参数有关; 激波衰减率随着装载比、马赫数的增大而减小. 研究指出, 在颗粒群被激波加速的初始阶段, 颗粒间的弹性碰撞起着重要的作用.     

岩爆岩石断裂的微观结构形貌分析及岩爆机理

利用扫描电镜(SEM)对岩爆岩石断口微观形貌特征进行研究分析,从微观角度探索岩爆产生的机理。通过对平顶山十二矿岩爆现场取样对其断口形貌特征与地应力和岩石成分之间关系进行研究。巷道围岩劈裂岩块断口形貌多呈台阶状,劈裂面与地应力最大主应力方向平行,岩石断口属拉张断裂,劈裂纹的产生主要是脆性断裂;岩爆抛射出的岩块断口形貌非常复杂,裂面与切应力(最大主应力)方向平行或相交,不同平面内的微裂纹通过与岩爆裂纹间的微裂纹或受撕裂作用形成台阶,表面不平整,属于拉张或剪切型断裂。岩石细观成分对岩爆的影响也较大,结晶程度高、结构致密的硬脆岩石更易发生岩爆。     

深埋地下洞室断裂型岩爆机理的数值模拟

针对深部岩体中由断层、节理等不连续性结构面引发的岩爆地质灾害, 根据深埋地下隧洞中潜在发震断裂的分布特征和几何形态建立数值分析模型, 采用离散元单元法模拟存在刚性平直断裂的深部围岩的开挖响应, 并分别考察开挖接近并通过断裂附近时围岩应力状态的变化特征。通过探讨断裂的存在对围岩应力状态改变的作用机理, 揭示出断裂型岩爆是开挖面附近一定范围内存在的断裂构造在高应力作用下发生错动, 导致能量突然释放, 对围岩造成强烈冲击作用的结果, 基本与地震的断层“粘滑”机制相类似。     

MECHANISM AND CATASTROPHE THEORY ANALYSIS OF CIRCULAR TUNNEL ROCKBURST

Mechanism of circular tunnel rockburst is that, when the carrying capacity of the centralized zone of plastic deformation in limiting state reduces, the comparatively intact part in rock mass unloads by way of elasticity; rockburst occurs immediately when the elastic energy released by the comparatively intact part exceeds the energy dissipated by plastic deformation. The equivalent strain was taken as a state variable to establish a catastrophe model of tunnel rockburst, and the computation expression of the earthquake energy released by tunnel rockburst was given. The analysis shows that, the conditions of rockburst occurrence are relative to rock's ratio of elastic modulus to descendent modulus and crack growth degree of rocks; to rock mass with specific rockburst tendency, there exists a corresponding critical depth of softened zone, and rockburst occurs when the depth of softened zone reaches.     

岩爆的压缩流体包裹体膨胀力源假说

岩爆是地下工程中的一种奇异力学破坏现象. 开挖后的围岩块石突然、猛烈地向开挖空间弹射、抛掷和喷出. 它具局部性、突发性、隐蔽性、滞后性、无前兆性、高初速度和高冲击动能. 岩爆常常导致深部岩石工程重大人员伤亡和经济损失. 虽然人们对岩爆做了大量研究, 岩爆的成因机理依然是公认的"国际岩石力学领域的世界性难题". 本文指出、分析、论证了造成这个"世界性难题" 的原因是, 国际岩石力学领域忽略了连续完整岩石中微小流体包裹体的存在和异常作用. 本文进一步提出、分析和论证了封闭在完整岩石中的微细流体包裹体可能处于被压缩状态, 能够拥有高压强, 能够造成完整岩石内部的局部异常高地应力场. 岩石开挖可导致封闭在岩石内部的众多微细高压缩流体包裹体重新随时间而渗流、移动和相变, 再造成局部完整脆性围岩的岩爆. 对岩石流体包裹体的力学研究能让我们破解世界性岩爆难题.     

Experimental analysis of pressure distribution in a twin screw compressor for multiphase duties

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of pressure distribution inside working chamber of a twin screw compressor for multiphase duties. A mathematical model for describing the pressure distribution inside working chamber is proposed. By means of a small pressure transducer embedded into the groove at the root of the rotor, the pressure distributions of a multiphase compressor under various running conditions have been recorded successfully to verify the model. It is found that the pressure curve during the discharge process has a higher level under the conditions of the lower gas void fraction, higher discharge pressure, higher rotational speed and higher inlet pressure. The pressure distribution calculated by model in this paper shows good agreement with the data recorded by a small pressure sensor in a prototype multiphase compressor at the high gas void fractions under different operating conditions.     

燃烧轻气炮多级渐扩型燃烧室流场特性数值研究

为了分析多级渐扩型燃烧室结构对燃烧轻气炮氢氧燃烧特性的影响, 通过计算流体力学方法, 分别对采用传统圆柱型燃烧室和多级渐扩型燃烧室的燃烧轻气炮氢氧燃烧发射过程进行数值模拟。对比结果表明, 多级渐扩型燃烧室结构能够明显地减小燃烧室压力波动幅度, 提高氢氧燃烧稳定性; 多级渐扩型燃烧室内形成回流区, 可以减小气流轴向运动速度; 火焰扩展形态与渐扩型结构相吻合, 燃烧反应区表面变化平稳; 多级渐扩型燃烧室结构对氢氧火焰传播过程和压力波动现象有着重要影响。     

深部高地应力下岩石力学行为研究进展

越来越多的煤矿和金属矿进入深部开采.随着开采深度的增加,一系列工程灾害如岩爆、煤与瓦斯突出、顶板垮落、底板突水等日益严重,且深部开采中巷道与采场的维护理论也与浅部有十分明显的区别.人们认识到这种差别的根源在于岩石所处的赋存环境上的差异,深部与浅部在赋存环境上的差别是所谓``三高''即高地应力、高地温和高孔隙水压,尤其是高地应力条件下岩石表现出十分特殊的力学行为.简要介绍了深部开采现状、深部开采面临的技术难题以及深部岩体所处的高地应力环境,在此基础上,综述了深部高地应力条件下有关岩石力学性质的研究进展,包括高应力条件下岩石的脆-延转化特性、岩石的流变特性、岩石的强度特征、岩石的破坏特征尤其是岩爆等.文章最后指出深部条件下热-水-力耦合模型是一个值得关注的研究方向.      

神经网络在冲击地压危险性预测预报研究中的应用

分析了影响冲击地压危险性的主要因素,首次利用神经网络模型模拟各个因素之间的复杂的非线性关系,消除了传统预测方法中的人为确定冲击危险指标的影响。检验结果表明 :模型可靠,预测精度高。为冲击地压与人工智能等高新技术的进一步结合奠定了基础。     

Hydrodynamics of a bubble formed at vent pipe exit

In this paper, the hydrodynamics of a bubble formed during transient injection of air through a tube submerged in a pool of water has been studied. The experiments were performed by injecting air through vertical tubes varying in diameter from 0.9 to 9.5 cm and located in the middle of a 45 cm dia. and 120 cm high plexiglas chamber. The plexiglas chamber was partly filled with water and was open at the top to the outside. Data for bubble growth and vent line pressure histories are obtained under different upstream pressure conditions. Effect of presence of an orifice in the vent line on bubble growth has also been investigated.A theoretical model describing the bubble growth at the exit of a vent pipe submerged in a pool of water is developed. Predictions of bubble radius, line static pressure and uplift on the bottom of the test chamber have been made and are found to compare well with the data. Insertion of an orifice in the pipe line between the solenoid valve and the vent exit has been found to inhibit the bubble expansion as well as alter the bubble oscillation characteristics.     

自动武器非平稳随机振动响应及其射击密集度研究

本文就自动武器在射击过程中非平稳随机振动进行了研究，求解了自动武器在射击过程中的非平稳随机响应。同时，利用自动武器在射击过程中的非平稳响应对射击密集度进行了研究。     

Stability of the combustion process in elastic combustion chambers

High-frequency instability phenomena in rigid combustion chambers have been studied theoretically in [1–3]. This phenomenon is attributed to the interaction between the combustion processes and combustion-product fluctuations in the chamber. One of the possible mechanisms of formation of high-frequency instability is examined in [3], where the combustion rate is represented in the form of a retarded pressure functional. In this case, the problem is reduced to studying the stability of a certain distributed self-oscillating time-lag system.If the oscillation frequencies of the combustion products are comparable to the natural vibrations of the shell which forms the combustion chamber, then it is natural to expect that the elasticity of the chamber walls will affect the combustion process. Coupled effects of acoustoelastic instability can arise, in whose development the vibrations of the chamber wall play a substantial role. These effects are particularly undesirable from the point of view of the vibrational stability of combustion chambers.In this paper, a theory of high-frequency instability of stationary combustion is developed with allowance for elastic deformations of the combustion chamber walls. The theory is based on the mechanism of vibrational combustion [1–3], according to which the combustion front is assumed to the concentrated, while the velocity jump at the front is expressed through a retarded pressure functional. It is assumed that the combustion product flow is one-dimensional and isentropic and that the chamber is cylindrical. The deformations of the chamber are described via the moment theory of shells. The existence is revealed of additional instability regions produced by the interaction between the elastic vibrations of the chamber walls and the acoustic oscillations of the combustion products. The influence of the relation between the elastic and acoustic frequencies and of the structural damping factor in the combustion chamber walls on the stability of the stationary combustion process is examined. The problem discussed is treated as a mathematical model for more complex asymmetric problems in which the elastic and acoustic frequencies can be of the same order.     

微重力下密闭腔体内火焰传播过程的数值模拟

建立了微重力条件下火焰沿固体可燃物表面蔓延的数学模型．在考虑固相传热和热解过程的基础上，研究气相的燃烧动力学过程，并且给出了体现微重力燃烧两相耦合作用的相界面处理方法．首次用数值模拟的方法研究了密闭腔体内火焰传播的三维非稳态过程，对于微重力大小分别为１０－４ｇ和１０－２ｇ时的计算结果进行了分析对比．数值模拟的结果基本合理．     

框架结构缺损识别的交错迭代法

对具有局部缺损刚度框架结构识别的逆分析问题进行了研究,在采用有限元最小二乘法的基础上,提出了非线性最小化过程的交错迭代方法。算例及分析表明,本文方法是一种精度高、收敛迅速、应用方便的逆分析方法。