岩爆的压缩流体包裹体膨胀力源假说

岩爆是地下工程中的一种奇异力学破坏现象. 开挖后的围岩块石突然、猛烈地向开挖空间弹射、抛掷和喷出. 它具局部性、突发性、隐蔽性、滞后性、无前兆性、高初速度和高冲击动能. 岩爆常常导致深部岩石工程重大人员伤亡和经济损失. 虽然人们对岩爆做了大量研究, 岩爆的成因机理依然是公认的"国际岩石力学领域的世界性难题". 本文指出、分析、论证了造成这个"世界性难题" 的原因是, 国际岩石力学领域忽略了连续完整岩石中微小流体包裹体的存在和异常作用. 本文进一步提出、分析和论证了封闭在完整岩石中的微细流体包裹体可能处于被压缩状态, 能够拥有高压强, 能够造成完整岩石内部的局部异常高地应力场. 岩石开挖可导致封闭在岩石内部的众多微细高压缩流体包裹体重新随时间而渗流、移动和相变, 再造成局部完整脆性围岩的岩爆. 对岩石流体包裹体的力学研究能让我们破解世界性岩爆难题.

EXPANSION POWER OF COMPRESSED MICRO FLUID INCLUSIONS AS THE CAUSE OF ROCKBURST

The rockburst (rock burst) is a peculiar, abnormal, localized, isolated, delayed, sudden and damaging phenomenon associated with the underground rock excavation. Several hours after the completion of the excavation, some parts of the in-situ intact rock wall might be actively, suddenly and vigorously ejected, thrown and blown off from the original wall into the excavated open space, with high initial ejecting velocity and kinetic energy. It often causes fatality, injury and damage because its occurrence is usually unforeseeable and unpredictable. The rockburst is still a worldwide tough problem that puzzles the international communities of rock mechanics in spite of tremendous research efforts over the past 50 years. This paper puts forward a hypothesis of micro-fluid inclusions as the cause and mechanism of the rockburst. The fluid inclusions in the micro-voids of intact rocks may have a high initial pressure equaling to the average of the three in-situ principal stresses. The fluid inclusions with a high initial pressure can have a high expansion power. They can flow, migrate and turn from the liquid phase into the gas phase after the rock excavation. Their physical and chemical expansion power can cause the rockburst of the excavated intact rock wall. This hypothesis offers effective solutions for the rockburst problem to reduce and eliminate its damage.