地磁信息感应装定系统及其插值算法

为了向基于地磁场的弹体姿态角检测系统提供地磁场信息,根据地磁信息感应装定系统的工作原理,设计了基于GPS和ARM微处理器的地磁信息感应装定系统,GPS实时获取弹药发射地的地理位置信息,ARM微处理结合地磁场沿经线方向变化快和沿纬线方向变化慢的特点,采用线性周期样条组合插值算法计算地磁场强度矢量,然后以非接触电磁感应的方式装定地磁场强度矢量信息。插值分析表明,通过线性周期样条组合插值算法,地磁场总强度和水平分量的相对误差小于0.01%,磁偏角和磁倾角误差小于0.01o,并且实验结果与仿真计算一致,说明地磁信息感应装定系统能够快速准确地提供地磁场强度矢量信息。     

基于数字图像相关方法的鲁灰花岗岩断裂特性研究

采用单边直裂纹三点弯曲梁(SC3PB)对鲁灰花岗岩I型裂纹的断裂特性进行了实验研究,得到其断裂韧度为0.9~1.4MN/m1.5。基于数字图像相关方法(DIC)分析了峰值载荷前试件断裂位移场及应变场的演化过程,根据位移场的不连续性给出过程区的扩展轨迹,由应变场得到了高应变区域的变化规律。当局部水平位移梯度发生剧烈变化时,鲁灰花岗岩I型断裂进入过程区;且以水平方向应变达到0.11%~0.20%时作为进入过程区的门槛值;并进一步给出了过程区尖端沿竖直方向的扩展速率与过程区长度呈三次多项式递增关系。     

动载下复合材料基体裂纹与夹杂相互作用的数值模拟

采用ABAQUS软件及粘聚裂纹模型对动态拉伸载荷下复合材料中垂直于基体-夹杂界面的基体裂纹与夹杂的相互作用进行了数值模拟.结果表明:在给定的界面强度下,当加载率(或应变率)低于某一临界值(临界应变率)时裂纹将沿基体-夹杂界面扩展,当高于该临界值时裂纹可以穿过界面在夹杂中扩展.此外,随着界面强度的提高,临界应变率降低;当界面强度超过一定值后,裂纹扩展方向将不受外部载荷影响,裂纹将沿自相似方向扩展;当界面强度低于该临界值时,裂纹将沿界面扩展;并且临界应变率随夹杂尺寸的增大而降低,即小夹杂更难于破坏.上述结果可为前人的混凝土动态实验数据提供合理的细观理论解释.     

主应力轴旋转下黏土累积变形的分数阶元件模型

在长期交通载荷作用下土体塑性累积变形本构模型对路基沉降计算至为关键.元件组合模型可以计算岩土体循环累积应变,但现有的各类元件模型未能反映饱和软黏土的主应力轴循环旋转现象.在对饱和软黏土进行等向固结条件下的主应力轴循环旋转加载试验及非等向固结下的循环扭剪试验基础上,将Abel黏壶代替Burgers模型中的Newton黏壶,得到分数阶Burgers模型;利用遗传算法优化循环塑性累积应变的Burgers模型和分数阶Burgers模型的参数,通过对比两组模型的计算值与试验值,发现分数阶模型更适合模拟计算循环载荷下饱和软黏土的累积变形.     

应力主方向的计算公式

<正> 1.引言主应力是固体力学中表示应力状态的重要物理量.变形体任一点处有三个主应力和三个主方向.主应力的值是一元三次应力特征方程的根,可利用三角函数关系变换成计算显式.应力主方向的计算,针对平面问题巳提出多种方法.对于一般的三维问题,在[2]中作了一些讨论,但未给出计算显式,其它国内     

LC4CS板材表面裂纹断裂韧性的试验研究

用B=3、5、7和8毫米(W=10B,L=2W)LC4CS板材试件进行表面裂纹断裂韧性的试验研究,发现从启裂到断裂的整个过程中有严重的Pop-in现象;不同a/c和a/B的裂纹,启裂均发生在φ=10°～20°的二角处;计算二角处启裂时的表面裂纹断裂韧性K_(Ie),得到与B、α/c和α/B无关的稳定值,此值与板材的平面应变断裂韧性K_(Ic)值吻合.此外,还得到启裂时应力～裂纹深度归一化曲线:σ_IB~(1/2)=196e~(-2·0826a/B),并应用疲劳裂纹形状扩展规律:c=0.663(α)~(1·98),如测出疲劳载荷LC4CS构件表面裂纹半长c和板厚B,即可估算其断裂韧性K_(I(?))(或K_(Ic))值.     

软土的各向异性损伤对剪切带形成的影响

在软土各向异性弹塑性损伤模型的基础上,把小应变模型扩展到有限应变模型,推导出不排水平面应变条件下的剪切带形成条件,分析K0固结状态下各向异性损伤对剪切带形成的影响.以上海软土为例,分析临界状态参数β=0.9时,损伤变量D1,D2的不同组合的剪切角和简单剪切模量与有效平均主应力比(g/p')的关系曲线.计算结果表明,损伤变量越大,越接近不稳定状态,垂直方向损伤对剪切带的影响比水平方向的强烈. 特别指出无论土为横观各向同性损伤的情况,还是各向异性损伤的情况,在本文研究的条件下,不稳定状态(g/p'为最小值)相应两个剪切角约在50°和130°,这对研究弹塑性损伤对剪切带形成与变化有指导意义.     

剪切载荷下加筋板失稳模态的全场数字光学测试

通过全场光学测试和应变测试的方法,研究了剪切载荷下平板、加筋板、含切口加筋板的屈曲模态及极限承载能力。实验采用对角拉伸方式施加剪切载荷,运用全场光学形貌扫描方法对试件的变形形貌和屈曲模态进行实时扫描。实验结果表明:采用光学方法得到的加筋板试件的临界屈曲载荷值(12.44 k N)与应变测量结果(12.65 k N)吻合较好,此方法可用于临界屈曲载荷的测试;平板试件破坏时的屈曲模态沿加载方向对称分布,完整加筋板与中心切口加筋板屈曲模态均呈反对称分布,而侧切口加筋板试件的屈曲模态没有对称性;加强筋的强化和切口的局部损伤会引起屈曲模态的偏移;加筋板试件在发生破坏前的位移-载荷曲线均相近;中心切口会极大地削弱加筋板的极限承载能力。     

加筋土强度的理论研究及试验验证

将加筋材料对土体强度提高的贡献等效成一种附加围压, 通过莫尔圆法, 求得小主应力增量, 并认为土体在破坏时处于极限平衡状态, 得到了黏聚力和内摩擦角同时变化时的加筋土强度表达式, 对该式作了详细讨论, 用该式计算了6 例典型加筋土在轴对称荷载下的大主应力, 结果表明计算所得大主应力值与三轴试验值比较吻合.     

厚壁圆筒的载荷特征与变形规律研究

为了研究厚壁圆筒在受到相同冲量但载荷特征不同时材料的变形规律,分别采用解析解、LS-DYNA软件和有限元计算程序对厚壁圆筒在受到内压作用下的力学响应进行了计算比较,在得到基本一致的结果后,利用有限元计算程序对冲量相同时四种加载方式下厚壁圆筒的动力学响应进行了计算,计算结果表明冲量相同时,不同载荷特征的载荷作用下的应变是不同的,应变与载荷作用时间和大小相关.     

基于DIC技术的爆炸应力波过异质界面应变场演化规律实验研究

采用氯仿粘结聚碳酸酯（polycarbonate, PC）板和聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（polymethylmethacrylate, PMMA）板模拟含异质界面模型;在PC介质中布置柱状炮孔并与界面呈一定角度,根据炮孔端部与界面相对位置,分别于柱状炮孔两个端部设置起爆点,起爆点远离界面端部时定义为孔口起爆,靠近界面端部时定义为孔底起爆;借助数字图像相关实验系统,研究爆炸应力波通过异质界面后PMMA介质应变场演化过程及炮孔底部区域拉、压应变变化规律。实验结果表明,异质界面改变了爆炸应力波过界面后的传播形态。孔口起爆时,异质界面受爆破荷载作用后易形成应力集中区,界面处产生开裂,横向拉伸波作用是造成异质界面开裂的主要原因。起爆方式对过界面后介质PMMA的横/纵向拉、压应变场作用贡献不同,主要体现在应变场强度、拉/压应变场位置分布2个方面。在炮孔底部区域,起爆方式对应变场时程特性的影响主要体现在作用时效长短和应变强度2个方面。孔口起爆时,横/纵向应变体现出短时效、高强度的变化特征。就应变强度而言,起爆方式对横向压应变的影响显著强于其对纵向拉应变的影响。对空间分布特性影响主要体现在衰减程度,起爆方式对纵向应变衰减程度影响较大。无论采用何种起爆方式,爆炸应变场在PC介质中衰减速度较快,进入PMMA介质后衰减速度显著降低。     

Testing of Prestressed Concrete Shell Under Long-Term Load and Unload

The results of experimental testing of a cylindrical prestressed concrete shell under long-term load and unload are given. The shell is reinforced by welded steel mesh in the top and bottom layers, with a different reinforcement area in the longitudinal and in the transversal directions, as well as by two straight prestressing tendons within the longitudinal sides. The shell is supported at corners only. Lateral displacements are disabled at the corner. The shell was prestressed first and then loaded by a permanent static load for a year. Then, the permanent load was removed. Shell defections as well as strains of concrete, reinforcement and tendons were measured at several points throughout a year and a half following the prestressing and loading.     

Electroelastic interaction between a piezoelectric screw dislocation and a confocal elliptic blunt crack with elliptical inhomogeneity

The electroelastic interaction between a piezoelectric screw dislocation and an elliptical inhomogeneity containing a confocal blunt crack under infinite longitudinal shear and in-plane electric field is investigated. Using the sectionally holomorphic function theory, Cauchy singular integral, singularity analysis of complex functions and theory of Rieman boundary problem, the explicit series solution of stress field is obtained when the screw dislocation is located in inhomogeneity. The intervention law of the interaction between blunt crack and screw dislocation in inhomogeneity is discussed. The analytical expressions of generalized stress and strain field of inhomogeneity are calculated, while the image force, field intensity factors of blunt crack are also presented. Moreover, a new matrix expression of the energy release rate and generalized strain energy density (SED) are deduced. With the size variation of blunt crack, the results can be reduced to the case of the interaction between a piezoelectric screw dislocation and a line crack in inhomogeneity. Numerical analysis are then conducted to reveal the effects of the dislocation location, the size of inhomogeneity and blunt crack and the applied load on the image force, energy release rate and strain energy density. The influence of dislocation on energy release rate and strain energy density is also revealed.     

环形含内钝缺口试件在斜加载作用下弹塑性场的分布特征

运用有限元数值计算方法,对含内缺口的环形试件在受到与缺口对称面成不同角度的载荷作用下,缺口前端附近的弹塑性场分布特征进行了研究,得到了缺口前端应力和应变场以及塑性区的变化情况,此外,选取缺口弧度不同的模型,探讨了缺口顶端钝化程度对弹生场的影响,为了对计算结果的可靠性进行评价,运用高精度云纹干涉实验力学方法进行了验证性试验,试验得到的位移,应变分布情况与计算结果基本吻合。文中得到的结果为钝口试件的材     

Plastic-strain distribution at the root of a sharp notch

A new experimental technique employing a pattern of microhardness indentations has been developed to permit an accurate measurement of the plastic-strain distribution at the root of a mechanically introduced notch. The method allows measurements to be made to within 0.001 in. from the crack tip. The longitudinal strain distribution was determined for notched 2024-T3 aluminum-alloy specimens, and both the longitudinal and the transverse distributions were obtained for notched specimens of high-purity aluminum. The results from the experiments indicated that a relationship exists between the grain size and both the strain magnitude and distribution. The specimens having the largest grain size developed the highest strain gradients, and exhibited the greatest degree of symmetry about the center line. The symmetry of the strain distribution around the notch improved as the applied load approached that required to produce crack propagation whereas, at low loads, there was little evidence of any symmetry.     

简支及悬臂箱梁在角隅轴向荷载作用下的翼板纵向应力

基于能量变分原理，拟定轴向荷载作用下箱梁的纵向位移函数，得到关于翼板剪切变形引起的位移差函数的基本微分方程，继而推导出箱梁翼板纵向应力表达式，并首次得出角隅轴向荷载作用下翼板出现应力不均匀分布的荷载及边界条件。通过对一模型箱梁进行计算，并与通用有限元软件ANSYS壳单元计算结果进行比较，验证了该方法和所推导公式的正确性。研究结果表明，当作用于简支箱梁截面角隅处的轴向荷载（合力无偏心）为集中或分布荷载时，翼板不产生纵向应力不均匀现象；当作用于悬臂箱梁截面角隅处的轴向荷载（合力无偏心）为集中荷载时，翼板不产生纵向应力不均匀现象，而当荷载轴向分布时，翼板将产生纵向应力不均匀现象。实际工程中，横力弯曲使悬臂箱梁产生剪力滞效应，这种效应会与轴向分布荷载产生的效应叠加，设计时对此应予以充分考虑。     

Functionally graded rod with small concentration of inclusions: Homogenization and optimization

This work is devoted to strain analysis and optimal design of a Functionally Graded (FG) rods and beams with small inclusions. The homogenization procedure plays a key role in our investigations. The method is illustrated using an example of the rod longitudinal deformation and bending of a beam. We consider the cases of FG inclusion sizes and FG steps between inclusions separately. Particular problems of optimal design are discussed in some details. The mathematical model of the bending beam, which adapts to the external load action, is proposed and an illustrative example of the adaptation process is given.     

人颅骨结构的动力参数

为了深入探讨人头部受撞击时颅脑损伤的力学计算模型,本文对颅骨结构的功力参数连行了测试和有限元分析。结果表明,人颅骨结构属于小阻尼结构,进行动力分析时可以抽象成弹性阻尼薄壳结构。     

Large-deflection and postbuckling of beam-columns with non-linear semi-rigid connections including shear and axial effects

The non-linear large deflection-small strain analysis and post-buckling behavior of an out-of-plumb Timoshenko beam-column of symmetrical cross section subjected to end loads (forces and moments) with non-linear bending connections at both ends, and its top end partially restrained against transverse and longitudinal translations are developed in a classical manner. A set of non-linear equations based on the “modified shear equation” that includes the effects of (1) shear deformation and the shear component of the applied axial forces; and (2) shortening of the beam-column due to both axial forces and “bowing” are presented. The proposed method and corresponding equations can be used in the large deflection-small strain analysis of Timoshenko beam-columns with non-linear bending connections, as well as lateral and longitudinal non-linear restraints at the top end. This paper is an extension of previous work presented by the senior author on the large deflection and post-buckling behavior of Timoshenko beam-columns with linear elastic semi-rigid connections and linear elastic lateral bracing. Three comprehensive examples are included that show the effectiveness of the proposed method and corresponding equations. Results obtained in the three examples are verified against analytical solutions available in the technical literature and against results from models using the FEM program ABAQUS.     

基于动量原理的大坡度沥青路面动水压力计算及影响因素分析Calculation and influence factors analysis for hydrodynamic pressure of asphalt pavement with large slope based on momentum theorem

在多雨地区长大纵坡沥青路面是雨天事故多发区域。应用动量定理,建立了沥青路面动水压力的力学计算模型,并系统分析了车辆荷载、行车速度和道路纵坡对动水压力的影响。结果表明,当水膜厚度＜3 mm时,动水压力随车速及车辆荷载的增大而增大,上坡时,动水压力随着纵坡坡度的增大而增大,下坡时,动水压力随着纵坡坡度的增大而减小。当水膜厚度＞3 mm时,动水压力随车速、车辆荷载增大而增大,上坡时,动水压力随着纵坡坡度的增大而增大,下坡时,动水压力随着纵坡坡度的增大呈先缓慢增加然后又缓慢减小的变化趋势;无论是上坡还是下坡,动水压力都随着车轮半径的增大而增大。本研究成果为多雨地区长大纵坡沥青路面重载交通高速行车易发生交通事故提供了理论分析依据。