数值模拟孤立波通过水下孤立方柱的粘性流动

本文用完整二维Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程和ＶＯＦ方法，研究孤立波通过淹没水下孤立直立方柱水域时的波形变化和粘性流场运动。本文对孤立波通过水下 孤立直方柱的情形进行了实例计算。给出了波形随时间的演化图，可以看到反射波、前传波和跟随的振荡型小波列的生成及涡流场的运动演化，并与势流计算结果进行了比较。     

靠近排列的两个交错方柱三维绕流的数值模拟

通过用时间分裂算法求解Navier－Stokes方程,对中等Reynolds数下靠近排列的两个交错方柱三维绕流进行了数值模拟,其中,中间速度场用四阶Adams格式计算,压力场通过结合近似因子分解方法AF1与稳定的双共轭梯度方法Bi-CGSTAB进行迭代求解．数值模拟发现当两个方柱靠得较近时,有互相吸引趋势,而且上游方柱的Strouhal数较大．方柱的交错排列方式对绕流影响明显．计算结果与实验定性吻合,而且比用MAC－AF1方法计算的结果好．     

等波高双孤立波直墙爬高的数值模拟

基于RANS方程、VOF方法以及修正的Goring造波方法建立了模拟活塞式推波板运动的二维数值波浪水槽,实现了双孤立波直墙爬高的数值模拟．利用动边界技术模拟造波机推波板的运动,有效地实现了不同波峰间距双孤立波的造波方法．在验证单孤立波直墙爬高的基础上,模拟了不同相对波高、相对波峰间距的等波高双孤立波的直墙爬高过程,给出了波面、速度场及波动能量的变化规律．数值模拟结果表明：对于等波高的双孤立波,当入射波波高较大及两个波峰间距相对较小时,跟随在后孤立波的爬高放大系数小于先导孤立波的爬高放大系数;双孤立波在直墙爬高过程中,波动场的势能时间过程线呈现三峰形态,其中居中的最大势能峰值出现在第二个孤立波与经直墙反射后反向传播的第一个孤立波完全对撞的时刻．     

分层流体中gKdV型孤立波的迎撞

本文采用约化摄动法和PLK方法并通过双参数摄动展开,讨论了分层流体中以推广的Korteweg-de vries方程(gKdV方程)描述的孤立波的迎撞问题,求得了二阶近似解。分析结果表明,gKdV型孤立波碰撞后保持原来的形状不变,在碰撞时最大波幅为两个来碰孤立波的最大波幅的线性叠加。     

KdV方程孤立子及其相互作用的Petrov-Galerkin有限元数值模拟

本文给出一种Petrov-Galerkin有限元方法,并用以求Kdv方程各种初值问题的数值解,包括孤立波进波解,多个孤立于的相互作用,孤立子与振荡尾波等,所得结果与分析解及其它数值结果作了比较,表明本方法精度高、稳定性好,几乎没有高频伪振荡,计算程序简洁、明瞭,经济实用。     

波流与结构物相互作用的数值模拟

采用高阶边界元法建立波流与任意形状结构物相互作用的时域数学模型。在小流速假设下,将速度势进行摄动展开,边界条件分解为双物体假设下的零阶波陡稳定问题和一阶波陡下的不稳定波浪问题。物面速度势及自由水面速度势的法向导数等未知量通过求解高阶边界元积分方程得到,而积分方程的求解则通过一个数值程序来实现。在每个时间步上采用四阶Runge-Kutta法更新下一时刻自由水面波面和速度势,自由水面上采用人工阻尼层消除散射波。通过波流与直立圆柱相互作用的数值计算研究了一阶激振力和二阶慢漂力随波数的变化关系以及圆柱周围波幅的分布曲线,并与已有频域结果和时域结果对比验证了所建模型的准确性,进而应用本文模型研究了波流与实际工程结构物相互作用的问题。     

并列三柱体风致干扰DDES模拟分析

采用基于SSTk-ω湍流模型的延迟分离涡模拟方法DDES(Delayed detached eddy simulation),对三并列线性布置柱体的风荷载和流场特性进行了数值模拟.为验证方法的有效性,对单个三维方柱绕流进行了计算分析,比较计算值与试验结果的风荷载特征,两者符合较好.然后采用DDES研究了三并列方柱对称布置时,间距比对中间受扰建筑风致干扰的问题.数值结果表明,间距比较小时对受扰建筑风荷载分布有较大影响.总的来看,当间距比约为3.0时,受扰建筑的影响达到最大.同时,数值分析了三方柱周围瞬态流场特征,探讨了临近建筑之间的干扰机理.结果 表明,SST-DDES方法能够较好地预测绕方柱流动分离问题,可为群体高层建筑气动相互干扰研究提供参考.     

三维海洋内孤立波数值水槽造波研究

海洋内孤立波因其分布广泛和携带巨大能量,对于潜艇安全航行影响很大.本文采用有限体积自适应半结构多重网格法求解Navier-Stokes方程,并用VOF方法追踪两层流体界面,应用双推板造波法进行内孤立波数值造波,建立了两层流体中的内孤立波数值水槽.数值模拟结果证实了该数值水槽数值造波的有效性和可靠性,为后续研究打下了基础...     

考虑表面张力的非传播孤立波

本文考虑了表面张力,用多重尺度法导出了与立方 Schrodinger 方程相类似的非传播孤立波的基本方程,得到了非传播孤立波解。用毛细重力波理论解释了非传播孤立波横向谐振中波峰尖、波谷平的原因。在σ～kh 平面上首次给出了可产生非传播孤立波的二个参数区,但现有的实验点都在区域(1)中。     

水下岩质边坡在波浪作用下的稳定性分析

运用ANSYS程序对水下的岩质边坡进行数值模拟分析,采用不同的材料强度来模拟岩石和软弱结构面。应用强度折减方法对边坡的强度参数进行折减,直至边坡出现破坏,分析边坡在达到破坏时内部的应力应变情况和位移变形情况。对于波浪力,本文采用简化的波压力方程模拟低频的水波对边坡的波压力影响,并用多个模型比较计算的方法得出最佳的模型尺寸和水下荷载的计算模式。     

Numerical simulation of solitary waves overtopping on a sloping sea dike using a particle method

Sea dikes, as a commonly used type of coastal protection structures, are often attacked or damaged by violent waves overtopping under tsunamis and storm surges. In this study, the behavior of solitary waves traveling on a sloping sea dike is simulated, and solitary wave overtopping characteristics are analyzed using a complete Lagrangian numerical method, the moving particle semi-implicit (MPS) method. To better describe the complicated fluid motions during the wave overtopping process, the original MPS method is modified by introducing a new free surface detection method, i.e., the area filling rate identification method, and a modified gradient operator to provide higher precision. Meanwhile, the approximation method for sloping boundaries in particle methods is enhanced, and a smooth slope approximation method is proposed and recommended. To verify the improved MPS method, a solitary wave traveling over a steep sloping bed is studied. The entire solitary wave run-up and run-down processes and exquisite water movements are reproduced well by the present method, and are consistent with the corresponding experimental results. Subsequently, the improved MPS method is applied to investigate the overtopping process of a single solitary wave over a sloping sea dike. The results show that the hydraulic jump phenomenon is also possible to occur during the run-down motion of the solitary wave overtopping. Finally, the characteristics of the propagation and overtopping of two successive solitary waves on a sloping sea dike are discussed. The result manifests that the interaction between adjacent solitary waves affects wave overtopping patterns and overtopping velocities.     

Vortex shedding around a near-wall circular cylinder induced by a solitary wave

This study developed a two-dimensional generalized vortex method to analyze the shedding of vortices and the hydrodynamic forces resulting from a solitary wave passing over a submerged circular cylinder placed near a flat seabed. Numerical results for validation are compared with other numerical and experimental results, and satisfactory agreement is found. A series of simulations were performed to study the effects of gap-to-diameter ratio and incident wave height on vorticity pattern as well as the forces exerted on the cylinder. The range of the heights of incident waves is from 0.3h to 0.7h, where h is the still water depth. The range of the gap-to-diameter ratios is from 0.1 to 0.8. The results indicate that the flow pattern and the pressure distribution change significantly because of the close proximity of the seabed where the vorticity flux on the seabed-side surface of the cylinder is suppressed. Placing the cylinder nearer the seabed increases the drag and the positive lift on the cylinder. When the gap-to-diameter ratio increases, the pattern of vortices changes because of the interaction between the main recirculation zone and the shear layers separated from the gap. The maxima of drag, lift and total force increase linearly with the height of the incident wave.     

Solitary waves in a peridynamic elastic solid

The propagation of large amplitude nonlinear waves in a peridynamic solid is analyzed. With an elastic material model that hardens in compression, sufficiently large wave pulses propagate as solitary waves whose velocity can far exceed the linear wave speed. In spite of their large velocity and amplitude, these waves leave the material they pass through with no net change in velocity and stress. They are nondissipative and nondispersive, and they travel unchanged over large distances. An approximate solution for solitary waves is derived that reproduces the main features of these waves observed in computational simulations. It is demonstrated by numerical studies that the waves interact only weakly with each other when they collide. Wavetrains composed of many non-interacting solitary waves are found to form and propagate under certain boundary and initial conditions.     

Diffraction of solitary water waves around three-dimensional floating bodies

By using the matched asymptotic expansion method and the idea of edge layer, a mathematic model for describing the interaction between weakly nonlinear shallow-water waves and three-dimensional floating bodies is formed in the paper. As a numerical example, the diffraction of a solitary wave around a vertically floating circular cylinder has been investigated and the results are presented. The present method can further be extended to the study of wave diffraction around floating bodies of general shape. The project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Numerical modeling of wave interactions with coastal structures by a constrained interpolation profile/immersed boundary method

A high‐order difference method based multiphase model is proposed to simulate nonlinear interactions between water wave and submerged coastal structures. The model is based on the Navier–Stokes equations using a constrained interpolation profile (CIP) method for the flow solver, and employs an immersed boundary method (IBM) for the treatment of wave–structure interactions. A more accurate interface capturing scheme, the volume of fluid/weighed line interface calculation (VOF/WLIC) scheme, is adopted as the interface capturing method. A series of computations are performed to verify the application of the model for simulations of fluid interaction with various structures. These problems include flow over a fixed cylinder, water entry of a circular cylinder and solitary waves passing various submerged coastal structures. Computations are compared with the available analytical, experimental and other numerical results and good agreement is obtained. The results of this study demonstrate the accuracy and applications of the proposed model to simulate the nonlinear flow phenomena and capture the complex free surface flow. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Directional Wave Propagation in a Highly Nonlinear Square Packing of Spheres

We studied the dynamic response of a two-dimensional square packing of uncompressed stainless steel spheres excited by impulsive loadings. We developed a new experimental measurement technique, employing miniature tri-axial accelerometers, to determine the stress wave properties in the array resulting from both an in-plane and out-of-plane impact. Results from our numerical simulations, based on a discrete particle model, were in good agreement with the experimental results. We observed that the impulsive excitations were resolved into solitary waves traveling only through initially excited chains. The observed solitary waves were determined to have similar (Hertzian) properties to the extensively studied solitary waves supported by an uncompressed, uniform, one-dimensional chain of spheres. The highly directional response of this system could be used as a basis to design granular crystals with predetermined wave propagation paths capable of mitigating stress wave energy.     

Rossby solitary waves excited by the unstable topography in weak shear flow

A new forced KdV equation including topography is derived and the numerical solutions are given. The topographic variable should be related with the temporal and spatial function, which is called unstable topography. The physical features of the solitary waves about the mass and energy are discussed by theoretical analysis. In further studies, the pseudo-spectral numerical methods are used to discuss the evolution of solitary wave generated by the topography when meridional wave number \(m=1\); in a similar way, we analyze the solitary wave when meridional wave number \(m=2\). At last, we make the comparison for the characteristics of waves between \(m=1\) and \(m=2\), the wave of meridional number \(m=1\) plays a leading role.     

Viscous waves and wave-structure interaction in a tank using adapting quadtree grids

Viscous waves and waves over a submerged cylinder in a stationary tank are simulated using a volume-of-fluid numerical scheme on adaptive hierarchical grids. A high resolution interface-capturing method is used to advect the free surface interface and the Navier–Stokes equations are discretised using finite volumes with collocated primitive variables and solved using a Pressure Implicit with Splitting of Operators (PISO) algorithm. The cylinder is modelled by using the technique of Cartesian cut cells. Results of flow of a single fluid past a cylinder at Reynolds number Re=100 are presented and found to agree well with experimental and other numerical data. Viscous free surface waves in a tank are simulated using uniform and quadtree grids for Reynolds numbers in the range from 2 to 2000, and the results compared against analytical solutions where available. The quadtree-based results are of the same accuracy as those on the equivalent uniform grids, and retain a sharp interface at the free surface while leading to considerable savings in both storage and CPU requirements. The nonlinearity in the wave is investigated for a selection of initial wave amplitudes. A submerged cylinder is positioned in the tank and its influence on the waves as well as the hydrodynamic loading on the cylinder is investigated.     

Generation of stable solitary waves by a piston-type wave maker

The focus of present study is on how to generate solitary waves as pure as possible by using a piston type wave maker. A meshless numerical model, which can simulate the trajectories of fluid particles in a wave motion exerted by the wave paddle, is established for the purpose of present study. The present numerical model is verified by the comparison with experimental data before it is employed to the focused problem. Various wave paddle motions are considered. The results show that solitary waves generated by applying Fenton’s solitary solution to the paddle motion proposed by Goring are purer than those generated by other paddle motions.