旋转中心刚体-FGM梁刚柔热耦合动力学特性研究

对旋转中心刚体-功能梯度材料(functionally graded material,FGM)梁刚柔热耦合动力学特性进行研究.FGM梁为物理性能参数沿厚度方向呈幂律分布的欧拉伯努利梁.考虑柔性梁的横向弯曲变形和轴向拉伸变形, 并计入横向弯曲变形引起的纵向缩短,即非线性耦合变形量.考虑变截面空心梁在外部高温、内冷通道冷却情况下的热力耦合对系统动力学特性的影响,求解得到FGM梁沿厚度方向分布的温度场, 进而在本构关系中计入热应变.采用假设模态法对柔性梁变形场进行离散,运用第二类拉格朗日方程推导得到系统的刚柔热耦合动力学方程,并编制动力学仿真软件, 然后通过仿真算例对系统的动力学问题进行研究.结果表明:不同截面梁动力学响应差异较大, 因此需对实际系统合理建模;大范围运动已知时, 考虑热冲击载荷的FGM梁将有效抑制横向弯曲变形,而大范围运动恒定时随热冲击的叠加会出现高频振荡; 大范围运动未知时,外力矩和热冲击载荷相互作用产生热力耦合效应, 导致系统呈现高频振荡,同时与中心刚体大范围旋转运动产生刚柔热耦合效应.      

考虑几何非线性和热效应的刚-柔耦合动力学

温度增高和温度梯度会引起梁的纵向、横向变形位移,在一定程度上对刚-柔耦合规律产生影响.该文考虑热应变,从平面梁的非线性的应变与位移关系式出发,建立了刚体运动、弹性变形和温度相互耦合的有限元离散的热传导方程和动力学方程.研究热流作用下的中心刚体-简支梁系统的刚-柔耦合动力学性质,揭示了几何非线性项和热应变对弹性变形和刚体运动影响.     

Geometric nonlinear formulation for thermal-rigid-flexible coupling system

This paper develops geometric nonlinear hybrid formulation for flexible multibody system with large deformation considering thermal efect. Diferent from the conventional formulation, the heat flux is the function of the rotational angle and the elastic deformation, therefore, the coupling among the temperature, the large overall motion and the elastic deformation should be taken into account. Firstly,based on nonlinear strain–displacement relationship, variational dynamic equations and heat conduction equations for a flexible beam are derived by using virtual work approach,and then, Lagrange dynamics equations and heat conduction equations of the first kind of the flexible multibody system are obtained by leading into the vectors of Lagrange multiplier associated with kinematic and temperature constraint equations. This formulation is used to simulate the thermal included hub-beam system. Comparison of the response between the coupled system and the uncoupled system has revealed the thermal chattering phenomenon. Then, the key parameters for stability, including the moment of inertia of the central body, the incident angle, the damping ratio and the response time ratio, are analyzed. This formulation is also used to simulate a three-link system applied with heat flux. Comparison of the results obtained by the proposed formulation with those obtained by the approximate nonlinear model and the linear model shows the significance of considering all the nonlinear terms in the strain in case of large deformation. At last, applicability of the approximate nonlinear model and the linear model are clarified in detail.     

耦合变形对大范围运动柔性梁动力学建模的影响

柔性梁在作大范围空间运动时,产生弯曲和扭转变形,这些变形的相互耦合形成了梁在纵向以及横向位移的二次耦合变量。本文考虑了变形产生的几何非线性效应对运动柔性梁的影响,在其三个方向的变形中均考虑了二次耦合变量,利用弹性旋转矩阵建立了准确的几何非线性变形方程,通过Lagrange方程导出系统的动力学方程。仿真结果表明,在大范围运动情况下,仅在纵向变形中计及了变形二次耦合量的一次动力学模型,与考虑了完全几何非线性变形的模型具有一定的差异。     

Large deformations of nonlinear viscoelastic and multi-responsive beams

This study presents analyses of deformations in nonlinear viscoelastic beams that experience large displacements and rotations due to mechanical, thermal, and electrical stimuli. The studied beams are relatively thin so that the effect of the transverse shear deformation is neglected, and the stretch along the transverse axis of the beams is also ignored. It is assumed that the plane that is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the undeformed beam remains plane during the deformations. The nonlinear kinematics of the finite strain beam theory presented by Reissner [27] is adopted, and a nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive relation based on a quasi-linear viscoelastic (QLV) model is considered for the beams. Deformation in beams due to mechanical, thermal, and electric field inputs are incorporated through the use of time integral functions, by separating the time-dependent function and nonlinear measures of field variables. The nonlinear measures are formulated by including higher order terms of the field variables, i.e. strain, temperature, and electric field. Responses of beams under mechanical, thermal, and electrical stimuli are illustrated and the effects of nonlinear constitutive relations on the overall deformations of the beams are highlighted.     

Nonlinear formulation for flexible multibody system with large deformation

In this paper, nonlinear modeling for flexible multibody system with large deformation is investigated. Absolute nodal coordinates are employed to describe the displacement, and variational motion equations of a flexible body are derived on the basis of the geometric nonlinear theory, in which both the shear strain and the transverse normal strain are taken into account. By separating the inner and the boundary nodal coordinates, the motion equations of a flexible multibody system are assembled. The advantage of such formulation is that the constraint equations and the forward recursive equations become linear because the absolute nodal coordinates are used. A spatial double pendulum connected to the ground with a spherical joint is simulated to investigate the dynamic performance of flexible beams with large deformation. Finally, the resultant constant total energy validates the present formulation. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10472066, 10372057). The English text was polished by Yunming Chen.     

考虑剪切效应的旋转FGM楔形梁刚柔耦合动力学建模与仿真

本文对一类中心刚体-柔性梁系统在大范围转动下的刚柔耦合动力学问题进行了研究. 柔性梁为功能梯度材料(functionally graded materials, FGM)楔形变截面梁,材料体积分数在梁轴向呈幂律分布变化. 以弧长坐标来描述柔性FGM梁的几何位移关系,分别使用倾角和拉伸应变变量描述柔性梁的横向弯曲和纵向拉伸变形,并计及剪切效应. 采用假设模态法离散变形场,运用第二类拉格朗日方程进行方程推导,得到系统考虑剪切效应的刚柔耦合动力学模型. 基于全新的刚柔耦合动力学建模理论,研究不同轴向材料梯度分布的FGM楔形梁,通过数值仿真计算,分析讨论不同的转速、梯度分布规律以及变截面参数对系统动力学特性的影响. 结果表明,剪切效应对大高跨比的FGM楔形梁的变形影响较为明显,不容忽略;材料梯度分布规律和截面参数的选取均会对旋转FGM楔形梁的动力学响应和频率产生较大影响. 本文提出的考虑剪切效应的倾角刚柔耦合动力学模型是对以往非剪切模型的进一步完善,可应用于工程中的 Timoshenko梁结构的动力学问题求解.      

中心刚体-变截面梁系统的动力学特性研究

对在平面内做大范围转动的中心刚体-变截面梁系统的动力学进行了研究.考虑柔性梁横向弯曲变形和纵向伸长变形, 且在纵向位移中计及由于横向变形而引起的纵向缩短项, 即非线性耦合变形项. 采用假设模态法描述变形, 运用第二类Lagrange方程推导得到系统刚柔耦合动力学方程. 在此基础上对做大范围旋转运动的中心刚体-楔形梁以及中心刚体-梯形梁模型的动力学进行了详细研究. 研究表明: 梁宽比、梁高比以及梯形梁变截面位置都对系统的动力学特性有很大影响.      

基于变形场不同离散方法的柔性机器人动力学建模与仿真

研究了基于变形场不同离散方法的柔性机器人动力学建模和仿真问题. 针对多杆空间链式柔性机器人系统,采用假设模态法、有限元法、Bezier 插值方法和B 样条插值方法对柔性杆变形场进行描述,构造统一形式,运用Lagrange 方法,结合4×4 齐次变换矩阵,在计入柔性杆横向弯曲变形引起的纵向缩短的情况下,推导得到多杆空间柔性机器人动力学方程,并编制基于4 种变形场不同离散方法的多杆空间链式柔性机器人仿真软件.通过仿真算例对柔性机器人系统的动力学问题进行研究. 仿真结果表明:有限元法的计算效率较低;假设模态法在处理较大变形问题时其精度低于Bezier 插值方法和B 样条插值方法的精度;作为新的变形体离散方法,Bezier 插值方法和B 样条插值方法可以有效地描述柔性杆的变形场,并能运用到多杆空间柔性机器人动力学建模中.      

径向基点插值法在旋转柔性梁动力学中的应用

将无网格径向基点插值法用于旋转柔性梁的动力学分析. 利用无网格方法对柔性梁的变形场进行离散,考虑梁的纵向拉伸变形和横向弯曲变形,并计入横向弯曲变形引起的纵向缩短,即非线性耦合项,运用第二类拉格朗日方程推导得到系统刚柔耦合动力学方程. 将无网格径向基点插值法的仿真结果有限元法和假设模态法进行比较分析,说明假设模态法的局限性,并表明其作为一种柔性体离散方法在刚柔耦合多体系统动力学的研究中具有可推广性,并讨论了径向基形状参数的影响. 同时运用3 种求解系统动力学方程的方法:纽马克方法、4阶龙格库塔法、亚当姆斯预报校正法,并比较各方法的计算效率, 结果表明纽马克方法最快.      

柔性梁刚柔耦合碰撞动力学及变形传播研究

运用柔性多体系统刚柔耦合动力学理论,研究了作大范围回转运动柔性梁的碰撞动力学问题.考虑柔性梁的横向变形,以及横向变形引起的纵向缩短项即非线性耦合变形项.采用基于Hertz接触理论及非线性阻尼理论的非线性弹簧阻尼模型来求解碰撞过程中产生的碰撞力,运用第二类拉格朗日方程建立了系统的刚柔耦合碰撞动力学方程.编制仿真软件进行动力学仿真计算,得到了碰撞力和系统动力学响应,对比分析了不同动力学模型对系统动力学响应的影响.同时研究了碰撞导致的柔性梁横向变形传播的波动特性.     

An improved dynamic model for a silicone material beam with large deformation

Dynamic modeling for incompressible hyperelastic materials with large deformation is an important issue in biomimetic applications. The previously proposed lower-order fully parameterized absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF) beam element employs cubic interpolation in the longitudinal direction and linear interpolation in the transverse direction, whereas it cannot accurately describe the large bending deformation. On this account, a novel modeling method for studying the dynamic behavior of nonlinear materials is proposed in this paper. In this formulation, a higher-order beam element characterized by quadratic interpolation in the transverse directions is used in this investigation. Based on the Yeoh model and volumetric energy penalty function, the nonlinear elastic force matrices are derived within the ANCF framework. The feasibility and availability of the Yeoh model are verified through static experiment of nonlinear incompressible materials. Furthermore, dynamic simulation of a silicone cantilever beam under the gravity force is implemented to validate the superiority of the higher-order beam element. The simulation results obtained based on the Yeoh model by employing three different ANCF beam elements are compared with the result achieved from a commercial finite element package as the reference result. It is found that the results acquired utilizing a higher-order beam element are in good agreement with the reference results, while the results obtained using a lower-order beam element are different from the reference results. In addition, the stiffening problem caused by volumetric locking can be resolved effectively by applying a higher-order beam element. It is concluded that the proposed higher-order beam element formulation has satisfying accuracy in simulating dynamic motion process of the silicone beam.     

A HIGH-ORDER RIGID-FLEXIBLE COUPLING MODEL OF A ROTATING FLEXIBLE BEAM UNDER LARGE DEFORMATION

对在平面内做大范围转动的中心刚体-柔性梁系统的刚柔耦合建模理论进行了深入研究,建立了系统的高次耦合动力学模型. 该动力学模型考虑了柔性梁横向弯曲变形和纵向伸长变形,且在纵向位移中计及由于横向变形而引起的纵向缩短项,即非线性耦合变形项,并保留了与非线性耦合项相关的一些高阶项,最终得到了系统的高次刚柔耦合动力学方程. 由此得到的动力学方程不仅能适用于柔性梁的小变形问题,也同样适用于大变形问题,弥补了一次近似耦合模型在处理柔性梁大变形问题上的不足. 通过与绝对节点坐标法以及一次近似耦合模型的对比验证了高次耦合模型的正确性.     

旋转楔形-回形梁的高次动力学建模和末端变形分析

对四种不同结构中心刚体-柔性Euler Bernoulli梁系统进行刚柔耦合动力学分析．其中以等截面梁、变截面梁、等截面回形梁、变截面回形梁为对象，研究楔形梁及回形梁对系统的末端变形位移影响．变截面梁的宽高尺寸沿着轴向线性变化．梁的变形包含了轴向、横向、耦合变形项（横向弯曲引起的纵向缩短）．采用假设模态法和第二类Lagrange方程建立系统的动力学方程，并用C++编写软件进行动力学仿真．研究表明：在相同条件下，梁的截面尺寸及空心部分对梁末端变形位移影响十分明显，且当梁在较大变形情况下，该高次耦合模型依然能得到正确的结果，因此在针对实际结构建模时，建立符合实际截面的模型至关重要．     

作大范围空间运动柔性梁的刚-柔耦合动力学

研究带中心刚体的作大范围空间运动梁的刚-柔耦合动力学问题．从精确的应变-位移关系式出发，在动力学变分方程中，考虑了横截面转动的惯性力偶和与扭转变形有关的弹性力的虚功率，用速度变分原理建立了考虑几何非线性的空间梁的刚-柔耦合动力学方程，用有限元法进行离散．通过对空间梁系统的数值仿真研究扭转变形和截面转动惯量对系统动力学性态的影响．     

Nonlinear dynamics of an inclined beam subjected to a moving load

In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic response of an inclined pinned-pinned beam with a constant cross section, finite length subjected to a concentrated vertical force traveling with a constant velocity is investigated. The study is focused on the mode summation method and also on frequency analysis of the governing PDEs equations of motion. Furthermore, the steady-state response is studied by applying the multiple scales method. The nonlinear response of the beam is obtained by solving two coupled nonlinear PDEs governing equations of planar motion for both longitudinal and transverse oscillations of the beam. The dynamic magnification factor and normalized time histories of mid-pint of the beam are obtained for various load velocity ratios and the outcome results have been illustrated and compared to the results with those obtained from traditional linear solution. The appropriate parametric study considering the effects of the linear viscous damping, the velocity of the traveling load, beam inclination angle under zero or nonzero axial load are carried out to capture the influence of the effect of large deflections caused by stretching effects due to the beam’s immovable ends. It was seen that quadratic nonlinearity renders the softening effect on the dynamic response of the beam under the act of traveling load. Also in the case where the object leaves the inclined beam, its planar motion path is derived and the targeting accuracy is investigated and compared with those from the rigid solution assumption. Moreover, the stability analysis of steady-state response for the modes equations having quadratic nonlinearity was carried out and it was observed from the frequency response curves that for the considered parameters in the case of internal-external primary resonance, both saturation phenomenon and jump phenomenon can be predicted for the longitudinal excitation.     

Geometric nonlinear formulation for curved beams with varying curvature

Based on exact Green strain of spatial curved beam, the nonlinear strain-displacement relation for plane curved beam with varying curvature is derived. Instead of using the previous straight beam elements, curved beam elements are used to approximate the curved beam with varying curvature. Based on virtual work principle, rigid-flexible coupling dynamic equations are obtained. Physical experiments were carried out to capture the large overall motion and the strain of curved beam to verify the present rigid-flexible coupling formulation for curved beam based on curved beam element. Numerical results obtained from simulations were compared with those results from the physical experiments. In order to illustrate the effectiveness of the curved beam element methodology, the simulation results of present curved beam elements are compared with those obtained by previous straight beam elements. The dynamic behavior of a slider-crank mechanism with an initially curved elastic connecting rod is investigated. The advantage of employing generalized-α method is pointed out and the special nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the curved beam are concluded.     

计及热应变的空间曲梁的刚-柔耦合动力学

研究带中心刚体的作大范围运动的空间曲梁的刚-柔耦合动力学.结合混合坐标法和绝对坐标法的特点,取与中心刚体大范围运动有关的变量和柔性梁各单元节点相对中心刚体连体基的位移和斜率作为广义坐标,建立了一种新的柔性梁的刚柔耦合模型.基于精确的应变和位移的关系式,根据Jourdian速度变分原理,建立了带中心刚体柔性曲梁的有限元离散的动力学方程.数值对比了空间曲梁系统和空间直梁系统的刚柔耦合动力学性质,用能量守恒规律验证了文中曲梁模型的合理性.在此基础上,在应变能中计及热应变,研究温度增高引起的曲梁的热膨胀对系统的动力学性态的影响.     

Coupled global dynamics of an axially moving viscoelastic beam

The nonlinear global forced dynamics of an axially moving viscoelastic beam, while both longitudinal and transverse displacements are taken into account, is examined employing a numerical technique. The equations of motion are derived using Newton′s second law of motion, resulting in two partial differential equations for the longitudinal and transverse motions. A two-parameter rheological Kelvin–Voigt energy dissipation mechanism is employed for the viscoelastic structural model, in which the material, not partial, time derivative is used in the viscoelastic constitutive relations; this gives additional terms due to the simultaneous presence of the material damping and the axial speed. The equations of motion for both longitudinal and transverse motions are then discretized via Galerkin’s method, in which the eigenfunctions for the transverse motion of a hinged-hinged linear stationary beam are chosen as the basis functions. The subsequent set of nonlinear ordinary equations is solved numerically by means of the direct time integration via modified Rosenbrock method, resulting in the bifurcation diagrams of Poincaré maps. The results are also presented in the form of time histories, phase-plane portraits, and fast Fourier transform (FFTs) for specific sets of parameters.     

两类基于局部标架梁单元的闭锁缓解方法

对于大转动、大变形柔性体的刚柔耦合动力学问题,基于李群SE(3)局部标架(local frame formulation, LFF)的建模方法能够规避刚体运动带来的几何非线性问题,离散数值模型中广义质量矩阵与切线刚度矩阵满足刚体变换的不变性,可明显地提高柔性多体系统动力学问题的计算效率. 有限元方法中,闭锁问题是导致单元收敛性能低下的主要原因, 例如梁单元的剪切以及泊松闭锁.多变量变分原理是缓解梁、板/壳单元闭锁的有效手段. 该方法不仅离散位移场,同时离散应力场或应变场, 可提高应力与应变的计算精度. 本文基于上述局部标架,研究几类梁单元的闭锁处理方法, 包括几何精确梁(geometrically exact beam formulation, GEBF)与绝对节点坐标(absolute nodal coordinate formulation, ANCF)梁单元. 其中, 采用Hu-Washizu三场变分原理缓解几何精确梁单元中的剪切闭锁,采用应变分解法缓解基于局部标架的ANCF全参数梁单元中的泊松闭锁. 数值算例表明,局部标架的梁单元在描述高转速或大变形柔性多体系统时,可消除刚体运动带来的几何非线性, 极大地减少系统质量矩阵和刚度矩阵的更新次数.缓解闭锁后的几类局部标架梁单元收敛性均得到了明显提升.