基于有限元法-正则化的弹性模量反求算法研究

生物组织的病变往往导致其物理特性的变化,研究生物组织的物理特性变化对诊断生物组织病变与否能够提供参考.本文提出了根据已知生物组织部分边界位移信息、外部载荷、边界条件和有限元模型,利用正则化方法反求弹性模量的方法.首先将求解弹性模量问题描述成一个力学反问题,建立逆系统辨识的数学模型,并应用正则化原理建立生物组织弹性模量反求算法.最后利用仿真算例验证了算法的有效性,并结合图像识别技术试验获取对象部分边界位移信息,反求其弹性模量,证明了本文反求方法的可行性.     

确定平面问题应力函数的一种方法

用应力解法求解弹性平面问题关键而困难的问题在于确定应力函数.一般弹性力学教科书主要采用半反逆解法介绍各种经典问题或简单问题的解答,但是对于怎样寻找应力函数都没有给出一个大致可循的方 ...     

EXAMPLES ARE GIVEN TO ILLUSTRATE THE UNIQUENESS LAW OF SOLUTIONS FOR PLANE PROBLEMS OF ELASTICITY

解的唯一性定理是用逆解法或半逆解法求解弹性力学问题的理论依据，在此用应力函数法、应力法、应力和函数法求解弹性力学平面问题，让学生切实、深入地理解解的唯一性定理的内在含义，丰富和扩大弹性力学的解题方法和应用范围。     

飞行器气动参数辨识进展

飞行器气动参数辨识研究的主题,是应用系统辨识技术从飞行试验数据求取气动力,从而建立飞行器动力学系统的数学模型.它研究的对象是飞行器;解决的是空气动力学问题;采用的基本方程是飞行动力学的运动方程组;应用的研究手段是现代控制论的滤波、预测和估计理论.它是处于空气动力学、飞行力学、弹性力学和现代控制论之间的应用性研究课题. 本文综述了国内外公开发表的飞行器参数辨识研究的理论结果和实践经验,分八个专题——模型辨识,参数估计,数据预处理和相容性检验,试验设计与最佳输入,弹性与非定常效应,频域辨识,闭环辨识,辨识准度与系统验证——评述其研究进展和现状.      

六面体单元柔性桁架结构模型与逆模型的辨识

介绍了用自适应LMS滤波器离线辨识六面体单元柔性结构模型和逆模型的方法。文中论述了自适应滤波理论和自适应逆控制之间的关系，讨论了LMS算法，并以实验法测得的六面体单元柔性结构随机振动数据为基础对其模型和逆模型进行了辨识，为进一步开展该结构的自适应逆控制研究奠定了基础。     

非完整系统力学积分方法的某些进展

本文介绍非完整系统力学积分理论的某些近代发展,包括经典积分的推广,Lagrange力学逆问题,Hamilton-Jacobi方法的推广,场方法的推广,不变度量方法以及其它方法,并给出本问题未来发展方向的建议.      

基于有限元分析的特征值反问题求解的逆摄动方法

本文研究特征值反问题的求解方法,根据广义特征值反问题理论和有限元法的特点,以转子系统平面梁单元有限元模型结构分析的特征值反问题求解为例,给出一种新的逆摄动方法,给出了本逆摄动法较完整的理论基础,给出了其逆摄动参数的显式计算公式及相应的取值方法,本逆摄动法也可推广到其他单元类型的有限元模型特征值反问题的求解。     

反问题与计算力学

从系统科学的观点,介绍了反问题的概念、提法和分类,并阐述了解反问题的困难及其与解正问题的区别,最后一节综合地分析了反问题与计算力学的关系和相互影响。     

Birkhoff力学的研究进展

Birkhoff力学是Hamilton力学的一个自然发展,是分析力学发展的一个新阶段,它广泛应用于力学、物理学和工程.本文总结Birkhoff力学的形成和发展,特别是近二十年所取得的成就.首先,从Birkhoff的《动力系统》中的有关段落开始,叙述Birkhoff力学的起源.其次,叙述这个力学的基本原理——Pfaff-Birkhoff原理以及这个力学的基本方程——Birkhoff方程的形成和发展.第三,简述Birkhoff力学的一些专门问题,包括约束Birkhoff系统,Birkhoff方程的积分方法,Birkhoff动力学逆问题,Birkhoff方程的运动稳定性,Birkhoff系统的几何方法,Birkhoff系统的全局分析等.最后,对Birkhoff力学的未来研究提出一些建议.      

汽车稳定杆拟动态实验分析

本文主要通过汽车稳定杆在疲劳试验中应力、刚度拟动态试验，采用电测法^[1]，在分析杆件中实际应变和位移的基础上进行逆解分析，从而确定稳定杆的实际刚度，支座摩阻反力矩和应力集中系数，为建立稳定杆的简化力学分析及其疲劳寿命预测提供试验依据．     

Dynamic propagation problems concerning surfaces of asymmetrical mode Ⅲ crack subjected to moving loads

With the theory of complex functions, dynamic propagation problems concerning surfaces of asymmetrical mode Ⅲ crack subjected to moving loads are investigated. General representations of analytical solutions are obtained with self-similar functions. The problems can be easily converted into Riemann-Hilbert problems using this technique. Analytical solutions to stress, displacement and dynamic stress intensity factor under constant and unit-step moving loads on the surfaces of asymmetrical extension crack, respectively, are obtained. By applying these solutions, together with the superposition principle, solutions of discretionarily intricate problems can be found.     

Dynamic propagation problems concerning surfaces of asymmetrical mode III crack subjected to moving loads

With the theory of complex functions, dynamic propagation problems concerning surfaces of asymmetrical mode III crack subjected to moving loads are investigated. General representations of analytical solutions are obtained with self-similar functions. The problems can be easily converted into Riemann-Hilbert problems using this technique. Analytical solutions to stress, displacement and dynamic stress intensity factor under constant and unit-step moving loads on the surfaces of asymmetrical extension crack, respectively, are obtained. By applying these solutions, together with the superposition principle, solutions of discretionarily intricate problems can be found. Project supported by the Post-Doctoral Science Foundation of China (No. 2005038199) and the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China (No. ZJG04-08)     

Characterization of asymmetrical beam instability to impulsive load

Asymmetrical instability of a 3-DoF Shanley-type beam model subjected to impulsive transverse load is investigated. The effects of viscous damping on the asymmetrical response of the model are discussed. A new energy analysis approach is proposed for identification of the response category when the beam model is subjected to different impulsive loads. Through the energy analysis, three-dimensional Poincaré maps in terms of the displacement variables and the modal participation factors are plotted. Parametric studies for identifying the critical load above which asymmetrical instability occurs are carried out. Influences of the load duration, the material and geometrical parameters on the asymmetrical instability are demonstrated. The characteristic diagrams show clearly when the asymmetrical instability of the model occurs. The curves are also capable of predicting the final response mode if an external impulsive load is given to the beam model.     

双螺杆转子的受力分析

从双螺杆转子螺旋曲面的参数方程出发，利用空间解析几何理论将转子三维螺旋面坐标映象为对应不同压力腔的二维积分区域，在整个积分区域积分可以计算作用在双螺杆压缩机，双螺杆泵螺旋面转子上的力和力矩。本文以一种双螺杆泵的转子为例，利用本方法进行了受力分析，解析出转子受力，力矩随转子转角的变化关系。     

基于改进遗传算法主动柔性结构压电元件位置优化

基于改进的遗传算法提出了一种解决多压电片布置在柔性结构上以实现振动主动控制的有效方法.本文采用D优化设计准则,即把Fisher信息矩阵行列式最大值作为目标函数的一种优化方法.通过对结构模态振型和动力特性的研究,使用一种简单的方法将所选择的低阶模态振型转化为归一化形式,最后通过结构模态振型可确定压电片最优位置.为了达到更好的振动控制效果,压电片布置在结构模态应变最大位置处.当在结构不同位置上布置压电片时,结构各阶模态振型也将随之发生不同程度的变化.本文建立了ANSYS软件和遗传算法的接口来实现对结构的模态重分析,从而提取各阶模态振型.     

Plastic flow stability of nanotwinned Cu foils

The plastic flow stability of nanotwinned Cu foils was investigated via room temperature rolling. Nanotwinned Cu, with an average twin thickness of 5 nm, exhibited stable plastic flow without shear localization or fracture, even at thickness reduction of over 50%. The retention of {1 1 1} fiber texture after rolling indicates insignificant out-of-plane rotation of the columnar grains and is interpreted in terms of a symmetric slip model. No significant change in the average twin lamellae thickness was seen even at thickness reduction of over 50%, suggesting that some twin boundaries were annihilated during deformation. The annihilation of very thin twins is a consequence of migration of twin boundaries due to the glide of twinning dislocations (disconnections) in the twin plane. The work hardening after rolling is correlated with the dislocation storage at twin boundaries.     

A method for computing the stress fields in a deformable elastic half-space with a polysynthetic twin near the surface

The problem of computing the stress fields around a polysynthetic twin near the surface under the action of a lumped or distributed load on the boundary of an elastic half-space is solved without using the thin twin approximation. It is found that the action of external stresses leads to the stress redistribution such that the stress localization is observed not only in the region of the external load action but also far from the vertices of the twins of the polysynthetic twin.     

Chaotic dynamics of an asymmetrical gyrostat

The chaotic motions of an asymmetrical gyrostat, composed of an asymmetrical carrier and three wheels installed along its principal axes and rotating about the mass center of the entire system under the action of both damping torques and periodic disturbance torques, are investigated in detail in this paper. By introducing the Deprit's variables, one can derive the attitude dynamical equations that are well suited for the utilization of the Melnikov's integral developed by Wiggins and Shaw. By using the elliptic function theory, the homoclinic solutions of the attitude motion of a torque-free asymmetrical gyrostat are obtained analytically, based upon the Wangerin's method developed by Wittenburg. Transversal intersections of the stable and unstable manifolds (typically a necessary condition for chaotic motions to exist) are detected by the techniques of Melnikov's functions. The bifurcation curve between the compound parameters is depicted and discussed. By using a fourth-order Runge–Kutta integration algorithm as a tool of the numerical simulation, the long-term dynamical behavior of the system shows that the technique of the Melnikov's function could successfully be employed to predict the compound physical parameters that correspond to the chaotic dynamical motions of an asymmetrical gyrostat.     

隔震结构方程的一种压缩解法

基础隔振体系中，隔震器的刚度远小于上部结构的刚度，如果未知量数目比较大，则经常导致总刚度矩阵病态。本文利用上部结构本身的振型叠加压缩未知数，然后与隔震器构建混合方程，此时形成的方程为非对称方程。大量压缩未知量后，减轻了总刚度矩阵的病态。以四层隔震框架结构分析为例，结果表明，压缩解法和正常解法的静力结果十分吻合，但用Newmark逐步积分计算时，正常直接解法累积误差引起发散，而压缩解法计算不发散。     

偏心起爆对战斗部装药能量分配增益的影响

为研究不同方式的偏心起爆对炸药装药能量分配及增益的影响,建立了偏心起爆战斗部的计算模型,通过局部装填比这一变量,给出了偏心起爆战斗部破片的初速计算公式。采用数值模拟与试验验证结合的方法,对六分位条件下不同偏心起爆方式的破片速度增益和能量增益进行了对比,得出以中心起爆为基准,分别以邻位双线、连位三线、间位双线、偏心单线方式起爆,定向方位内破片的速度增益依次增大;邻位双线起爆时,目标方向破片速度增益达25.47%,定向区域破片动能占总能量的24.57%,能量增益超过40%。