Reissner板问题的有限元广义混合法

用一般弹性体的广义混合变分原理,导出了适合Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ板弯曲问题的广义混合变分原理及其有限元广义混合法。算例说明,该有限元模式的刚度可以改变,比常规位移法的精度高,同时还能克服常规Ｒｅｉｓｓｎｅｒ板位移元用于计算薄板时所出现的“剪切自锁”现象,计算结果稳定,最后分析该法能够克服“剪切自锁”现象的原因。     

On the Generalization of Reissner Plate Theory to Laminated Plates,Part II: Comparison with the Bending-Gradient Theory

In the first part of this two-part paper (Lebée and Sab in On the generalization of Reissner plate theory to laminated plates, Part I: theory, doi: 10.1007/s10659-016-9581-6, 2015), the original thick plate theory derived by Reissner (J. Math. Phys. 23:184–191, 1944) was rigorously extended to the case of laminated plates. This led to a new plate theory called Generalized-Reissner theory which involves the bending moment, its first and second gradients as static variables. In this second paper, the Bending-Gradient theory (Lebée and Sab in Int. J. Solids Struct. 48(20):2878–2888, 2011 and 2889–2901, 2011) is obtained from the Generalized-Reissner theory and several projections as a Reissner–Mindlin theory are introduced. A comparison with an exact solution for the cylindrical bending of laminated plates is presented. It is observed that the Generalized-Reissner theory converges faster than the Kirchhoff theory for thin plates in terms of deflection. The Bending-Gradient theory does not converge faster but improves considerably the error estimate.     

On the Generalization of Reissner Plate Theory to Laminated Plates,Part I: Theory

This is the first part of a two-part paper presenting the generalization of Reissner thick plate theory (Reissner in J. Math. Phys. 23:184–191, 1944) to laminated plates and its relation with the Bending-Gradient theory (Lebée and Sab in Int. J. Solids Struct. 48(20):2878–2888, 2011 and in Int. J. Solids Struct. 48(20):2889–2901, 2011). The original thick and homogeneous plate theory derived by Reissner (J. Math. Phys. 23:184–191, 1944) is based on the derivation of a statically compatible stress field and the application of the principle of minimum of complementary energy. The static variables of this model are the bending moment and the shear force. In the present paper, the rigorous extension of this theory to laminated plates is presented and leads to a new plate theory called Generalized-Reissner theory which involves the bending moment, its first and second gradients as static variables. When the plate is homogeneous or functionally graded, the original theory from Reissner is retrieved. In the second paper (Lebée and Sab, 2015), the Bending-Gradient theory is obtained from the Generalized-Reissner theory and comparison with an exact solution for the cylindrical bending of laminated plates is presented.     

Higher-order crack tip fields for functionally graded material plate with transverse shear deformation

The crack tip fields are investigated for a cracked functionally graded material (FGM) plate by Reissner’s linear plate theory with the consideration of the transverse shear deformation generated by bending. The elastic modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the functionally graded plates are assumed to vary continuously through the coordinate y, according to a linear law and a constant, respectively. The governing equations, i.e., the 6th-order partial differential equations with variable coefficients, are derived in the polar coordinate system based on Reissner’s plate theory. Furthermore, the generalized displacements are treated in a separation-of-variable form, and the higher-order crack tip fields of the cracked FGM plate are obtained by the eigen-expansion method. It is found that the analytic solutions degenerate to the corresponding fields of the isotropic homogeneous plate with Reissner’s effect when the in-homogeneity parameter approaches zero.     

四边简支矩形中厚板的弯曲

本文采用Reissner中厚板理论求解了四边简支矩形中厚板的弯曲问题。文中首先对Reissner中厚板理论的控制方程进行了适当的变更,使之成为非耦联的二阶偏微分方程组,然后利用有限积分变换法求解所得新的控制方程,得到了四边简支矩形中厚板受均布载荷作用下的解析解。文中所述方法可用以求解具有其它边界条件和载荷的矩形中厚板的弯曲问题,同时还可移植应用于其它中厚板理论。     

Free vibrations of multilayered doubly curved shells based on a mixed variational approach and global piecewise-smooth functions

This paper presents the extension of a two-dimensional model that, recently appeared in literature, deals with freely vibrating laminated plates. The extension takes into account the corresponding theory describing the dynamic of freely vibrating multilayered doubly curved shells. The relevant governing differential equations, associated boundary conditions and constitutive equations are derived from one of Reissner’s mixed variational theorems. Both the governing differential equations and the related boundary conditions are presented in terms of resultant stresses and displacements. In spite of the multi-layer nature of the shell, the theory is developed as if the shell were virtually made of a single layer. This choice does not limit the performances of the model, which are comparable to the corresponding three-dimensional theory. This ability is accomplished by an appropriate global expansion of the relevant kinetic and stress quantities, through the thickness of the multilayered shell. The mentioned expansion is realized by a novel selection of global piecewise-smooth functions. Numerical tests illustrate the performance of the model with respect to several elements subjected to a class of simply supported boundary conditions: plates, circular cylindrical shells, spherical and saddle-shape laminates. The model is first tested by comparing its resulting eigen-parameters, with those few existing of exact or approximate three-dimensional models and, finally, new results are provided for several geometrical and material characteristics for plates and shells.     

Dynamic geometrically nonlinear analysis of transversely compressible sandwich plates

In order to construct a plate theory for a thick transversely compressible sandwich plate with composite laminated face sheets, the authors make simplifying assumptions regarding distribution of transverse strain components in the thickness direction. The in-plane stresses and σ_yy (Fig. 1) are computed from the constitutive equations, and the improved values of transverse stress components and σ_zz need to be computed by integration of pointwise equations of motion in a post-process stage of the finite element analysis. The improved values of the transverse strains can also be computed in the post-process stage by substituting the improved transverse stresses into the constitutive relations. A problem of cylindrical bending of a simply supported plate under a uniform load on the upper surface is considered, and comparison is made between the displacements, the in-plane stress and the improved transverse stresses (obtained by integration of the pointwise equations of motion), computed from the plate theory, with the corresponding values of exact elasticity solutions. In this comparison, a good agreement of both solutions is achieved. In the finite element analysis of sandwich plates in cylindrical bending with small thickness-to-length ratios, the shear locking phenomenon does not occur. The model of a sandwich plate in cylindrical bending, presented in this paper, has a wider range of applicability than the models presented in literature so far: it can be applied to the sandwich plates with a wide range of ratios of thickness to the in-plane dimensions, with both thin and thick face sheets (as compared to the thickness of the core) and to the sandwich plates with both transversely rigid and transversely compressible face sheets and cores.     

ON THE REFINED FIRST-ORDER SHEAR DEFORMATION PLATE THEORY OF KARMAN TYPE

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｕｓｅｏｆｌａｍｉｎａｔｅｄｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｓｉｎｔｈｉｎ＿ｗａｌｌｅｄｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｓｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｓｓｏｔｈａｔｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆｔｒａｎｓｖｅｒｓｅｓｈｅａｒｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｓｃａｎｎｏｔｂｅｎｅｇｌｅｃｔｅｄａｎｄｉｎｖｏｋｅｑｕｉｔｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｅｓｉｎｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ.Ｉｔｉｓｗｅｌｌ＿ｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｎｏｎｌｉｎｅａｒａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｌａｍｉｎａｔｅｄｐｌａｔｅｓａｎｄｓｈｅｌｌｓｃｏｕｎｔｉｎｇｆｏｒｔｒ…     

Reisner板的哈密尔顿体系及其辛正交解析法

基于Ｒｅｉｓｎｅｒ板理论，通过对混合能变分原理的修正，建立了更一般的哈密尔顿型广义变分原理，并给出了Ｒｅｉｓｎｅｒ板问题的哈密尔顿正则方程及其共轭辛正交解析法     

On the canonical equations of Kirchhoff-Love theory of shells

The paper outlines a procedure to derive the canonical system of equations of the classical theory of thin shells using Reissner’s variational principle and partial variational principles. The Hamiltonian form of the Reissner functional is obtained using Lagrange multipliers to include the kinematical conditions that follow from the Kirchhoff-Love hypotheses. It is shown that the canonical system of equations can be represented in three different forms: one conventional form (five equilibrium equations) and two forms that are equivalent to it. This can be proved by reducing them to the same system of three equations. For problems with separable active and passive variables, partial variational principles are formulated __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 10, pp. 99–107, October 2007.     

悬索的变原长计算模式

本文从非线性弹性理论出发,采用泛函内积形式,建立了悬索非线性计算模式。提出了变原长迭代计算的基本思想,就一端固定、另一端张力已知的悬索模型,从Reissner变分理论出发,导出了该模式的非线性有限元的基本方程,使计算量大大减少。     

On the refined first-order shear deformation plate theory of Kármán type

A new refined first-order shear-deformation plate theory of the Kármán type is presented for engineering applications and a new version of the generalized Kármán large deflection equations with deflection and stress functions as two unknown variables is formulated for nonlinear analysis of shear-deformable plates of composite material and construction, based on the Mindlin/Reissner theory. In this refined plate theory two rotations that are constrained out in the formulation are imposed upon overall displacements of the plates in an implicit role. Linear and nonlinear investigations may be made by the engineering theory to a class of shear-deformation plates such as moderately thick composite plates, orthotropic sandwich plates, densely stiffened plates, and laminated shear-deformable plates. Reduced forms of the generalized Kármán equations are derived consequently, which are found identical to those existe in the literature. Foundation item: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59675027) Biography: Zhang Jianwu (1954-)     

A new twelve DOF quadrilateral element for analysis of thick and thin plates

A simple quadrilateral 12 DOF plate bending element based on Reissner–Mindlin theory for analysis of thick and thin plates is presented in this paper. This element is constructed by the following procedure:

• 1.the variation functions of the rotation and shear strain along each side of the element are determined using Timoshenko's beam theory; and
• 2.the rotation, curvature and shear strain fields in the domain of the element are then determined using the technique of improved interpolation.

The proposed element, denoted by ARS-Q12, is robust and free of shear locking and, thus, it can be employed to analyze very thin plate. Numerical examples show that the proposed element is a high performance element for thick and thin plates.     

NONLINEAR VIBRATION FOR MODERATE THICKNESS RECTANGULAR CRACKED PLATES INCLUDING COUPLED EFFECT OF ELASTIC FOUNDATION

IntroductionThe moderate thickness plates on elastic foundation are a kind of important structure instructural engineering. The mechanic characters of the plates on elastic foundation withdifferent boundary conditions have been received considerable atten…     

Effects of Entropic Wave in Vibroacoustic Problem Using Boundary Element Analysis

A variational formulation for a vibroacoustic problem of a membrane and a viscothermal fluid is investigated in this paper. The formulation combines a variational formulation by integral equations of the fluid, that takes into account the acoustic and entropic waves coupling, with a variational formulation of the membrane. The formulation has been implemented numerically for the problems with axisymmetric geometry. The numerical results are compared to the analytical solution for a circular membrane coupled to a cylindrical cavity filled with air. These results show the validity of numerical implementation and illustrate the thermal effects of air on the membrane-cavity system modes in the micro cavities cases.     

A hybrid-stress element based on Hamilton principle

A novel hybrid-stress finite element method is proposed for constructing simple 4-node quadrilateral plane elements, and the new element is denoted as HH4-3fl here. Firstly, the theoretical basis of the traditional hybrid-stress elements, i.e., the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle, is replaced by the Hamilton variational principle, in which the number of the stress variables is reduced from 3 to 2. Secondly, three stress parameters and corresponding trial functions are introduced into the system equations. Thirdly, the displacement fields of the conventional bilinear isoparametric element are employed in the new models. Finally, from the stationary condition, the stress parameters can be expressed in terms of the displacement parameters, and thus the new element stiffness matrices can be obtained. Since the required number of stress variables in the Hamilton variational principle is less than that in the Hellinger-Reissner variational principle, and no additional incompatible displacement modes are considered, the new hybrid-stress element is simpler than the traditional ones. Furthermore, in order to improve the accuracy of the stress solutions, two enhanced post-processing schemes are also proposed for element HH4-3β. Numerical examples show that the proposed model exhibits great improvements in both displacement and stress solutions, implying that the proposed technique is an effective way for developing simple finite element models with high performance.     

Equations of finite bending of thin‐walled curvilinear tubes

A system of nonlinear equations proposed by E. Reissner for the problem of elastic pure bending of thinwalled curvilinear tubes is considered. The formulation of the problem is refined, and the numerical solution of the equations obtained is compared with the finiteelement results.     

A coupled electromechanical analysis of a piezoelectric layer bonded to an elastic substrate: Part I,development of governing equations

This two-part contribution presents a novel and efficient method to analyze the two-dimensional (2-D) electromechanical fields of a piezoelectric layer bonded to an elastic substrate, which takes into account the fully coupled electromechanical behavior. In Part I, Hellinger–Reissner variational principle for elasticity is extended to electromechanical problems of the bimaterial, and is utilized to obtain the governing equations for the problems concerned. The 2-D electromechanical field quantities in the piezoelectric layer are expanded in the thickness-coordinate with seven one-dimensional (1-D) unknown functions. Such an expansion satisfies exactly the mechanical equilibrium equations, Gauss law, the constitutive equations, two of the three displacement–strain relations as well as one of the two electric field-electric potential relations. For the substrate the fundamental solutions of a half-plane subjected to a vertical or horizontal concentrated force on the surface are used. Two differential equations and two singular integro-differential equations of four unknown functions, the axial force, N, the moment, M, the average and the first moment of electric displacement, D₀ and D₁, as well as the associated boundary conditions have been derived rigorously from the stationary conditions of Hellinger–Reissner variational functional. In contrast to the thin film/substrate theory that ignores the interfacial normal stress the present one can predict both the interfacial shear and normal stresses, the latter one is believed to control the delamination initiation.     

Stability of Slender Bodies under Compression and Validity of the von Kármán Theory

Since their formulation almost 100 years ago, the von Kármán (vK) plate equations have been frequently used both by engineers and by analysts to study thin elastic bodies, in particular their stability behaviour under applied loads. At the same time the derivation of these equations met some harsh criticism and their precise mathematical status has been unclear until very recently. Following up on a recent variational derivation of the vK theory by Friesecke, James and Müller from three-dimensional nonlinear elasticity we study the predictions and the validity of the vK equation in the presence of in-plane compressive forces. The first main result is a stability alternative: either the load leads to instability already in the nonlinear bending theory of plates (Kirchhoff–Love theory), or it leads to an instability in a geometrically linear KL theory (‘linearized instability’), or vK theory is valid. The second main result states that under suitable conditions the critical loads for nonlinear stability and linearized instability coincide. The third main result asserts this critical load also agrees with the load beyond which the infimum of the vK functional is −∞. The main ingredients are a sharp rigidity estimate for maps with low elastic energy and a study of the properties of isometric immersions from a set in to and their geometrically linear counterparts.     

A variational approach to a micro-structured theory of solid-fluid mixtures

Summary In this paper, we present a micro-structured model for describing global deformations of heterogeneous mixtures. In particular, for a saturated solid-fluid mixture, we regard the solid volume fraction as a microstructural parameter so as to enlarge the space of admissible deformations with respect to the classical theory of mixtures. According to the variational approach, the governing equations are obtained as the stationarity of a suitable action functional. The micro-structured model is then forced to establish a second-gradient mixture theory, by introducing among the considered state parameters a suitable internal constraint. Finally, we determine under which (integrability) conditions the additional balance laws, typically employed to close the theory of porous media endowed with the volume fraction, can fit the variational framework. The authors wish to thank Prof. Francesco dell'Isola from University of Rome La Sapienza for his constructive criticism about the variational approach to continuum mechanics and the interpretation of the volume-fraction balance law.