封闭应力方向对巴西圆盘试验影响的数值模拟

为揭示封闭应力对巴西圆盘应力分布和破裂演化过程的影响,开展不同方向封闭应力对巴西圆盘破裂二维数值模拟研究。将封闭应力的区域等效成一个封闭的包裹体分布在岩体中,探究不同方向封闭应力对圆盘应力分布和裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明,施加封闭应力的部位出现局部应力变化明显高于未施加的区域,随着加载的进行,施加封闭应力区域的局部应力小于周围未施加封闭应力的区域;对比有无封闭应力存在时加载过程中最大米塞斯应力,得出当封闭应力与加载方向夹角为0°时最大,为20.78 MPa;当无封闭应力和封闭应力方向为0°时,圆盘中心起裂,封闭应力方向为30°,60°,90°时,圆盘的裂纹带发生倾斜并出现多条倾斜短裂纹,圆盘未中心起裂。     

薄宽带钢倾斜浪板形屈曲变形的解析研究

薄宽带钢的倾斜浪是一种产生机理与解决对策都未知的板形缺陷。本文通过有限元仿真结合现场实测分析提出了一种倾斜浪产生机理的新解释,并且基于艾利应力函数和S. Timoshenko最小功原理建立了倾斜浪前屈曲变形的力学模型和计算方法,获得了其前屈曲应力场分布的表达式;运用伽辽金虚位移原理解法获得了其临界屈曲载荷;推导建立了薄宽带钢倾斜浪的后屈曲摄动求解方法,计算获得的后屈曲模态和有限元计算获得的瓢曲模态符合良好。研究结果可为板带材轧制过程中倾斜浪及其倾斜角度的预测和控制提供理论依据。     

15万立米气柜残余应力及工作应力测试分析

报导了１５万立米大型煤气气柜挂圈走台的残余应力及气柜升降时工作应力的测试结果。该气柜服役十余年后发生煤气泄漏，为分析其原因，进行了残余应力及气柜修复前后的工作应力测试，结果表明：修复前残余应力及工作应力均达到很高水平，气柜升起时伴有严重侧偏现象，修复后应力状态有明显好转。     

EFFECTS OF 2-TUNNEL AND 3-TUNNEL FIXATION ON BIOMECHANICS OF TIBIOFEMORAL JOINT

基于正常膝关节4个屈曲角度(0°, 25°, 60°, 80°)下的磁共振(MR)图像数据, 建立正常/两隧道固定/三隧道固定内侧半月板移植术后的胫股关节模型. 对各屈曲角度下的4种模型分别施加单一轴向压载和压扭组合载荷进行有限元仿真, 得到各模型在2种载荷作用下的应力及位移分布. 提取关节软骨、半月板表面的等效应力以及半月板的最大位移进行对比分析, 得到内侧半月板移植术后两/三隧道固定对胫股关节中软骨及半月板的影响. 总体上讲内侧半月板移植中的三隧道固定要优于双隧道固定, 更利于胫股关节恢复正常的应力特性.     

用ADINA确定热电厂磨煤机打击轮磨损极限

利用ＡＤＩＮＡ程序计算磨损后打击轮的应力分布状态；根据强度理论，得到磨损极限，为打击轮维修提供了依据．实践证明，不超过磨损极限的打击轮修复以后可以满足使用精度要求，其使用期限与新的打击轮相同．磨损极限的确定为国家创造了经济效益     

均布载荷作用下带边缘大波纹膜片的非线性弯曲

采用轴对称旋转壳体的简化Reissner方程，研究了在均布载荷作用下具有硬中心的带边缘大波纹膜片的非线性弯曲问题．应用积分方程方法，获得了具有夹紧固定和滑动固定两种外边界的膜片的特征关系，即荷载-中心挠度曲线．作为算例，给出了夹紧固定膜片中的应力分布．     

基于 Hopkinson 压杆的动态压剪复合加载实验研究

本文提出了一种可用于研究压剪复合加载下，材料动态力学性能的实验装置；该装置主要是基于 Hopkinson 压杆，通过添加一个带倾斜端面的垫块，实现压剪复合加载。本文分析了该实验装置的基本数据处理方法，并利用有限元分析验证了此分析方法的可行性；然后利用该装置对常规金属材料进行了相同冲击速度，不同倾斜角度（分别为 0、30、45 度）下的一系列实验。实验结果表明，该装置能实现压剪复合加载，并且能得到材料的动态屈服面，为研究材料在复杂应力状态下的动态力学性能提供了新的实验方法。     

电子散斑干涉技术在口腔修复力学效果测量中应用

介绍口腔修复领域中的一种新的变形检测技术电子散斑干涉技术。选用新鲜人尸离体颌骨，制备左下颌第一恒磨牙缺失模型，用双端固定桥修复。应用该技术测试基牙及其支持骨组织的变形，并作为固定桥设计方案选择的根据。本试验实时记录了静载荷下牙槽骨的离面变形条纹图，并经微机图象处理系统处理，实验结果证明，该技术可以全场、非接触、无损伤的实时显示物体离面位移，为口腔生物力学的基础研究提供了更接近真实的实验手段。     

光固化复合树脂聚合收缩的测试研究

在临床中,牙体修复材料的固化收缩是造成牙体修复失败的主要原因.在本次研究中,利用光测力学中电子散斑测试技术,来测量牙体修复材料的聚合收缩情况.在实验中,利用电子散斑实时、无接触的特点对牙体修复材料的固化收缩进行监测.通过对牙体修复材料固化收缩的测量与研究,可提示各种可能减少收缩应力或使收缩应力分布更加均匀的方法,从而减少临床上由于收缩应力而造成修复失败情况的发生.特别地,本次实验对牙体修复材料收缩时引起的牙体变形也作了研究.     

考虑焊接残余应力的波形钢腹板PC梁关键细节疲劳可靠度研究

焊接残余应力对波形钢腹板细节疲劳寿命的影响不可忽略，本文以头道河大桥为工程背景，基于ABAQUS有限元软件，建立波形钢腹板焊接构件数值模型，提出不同波折角度的波形钢腹板残余应力模型。采用瞬态分析方法，分析6种典型车辆作用下波折角区域焊缝细节的应力时程。在此基础上，构建考虑焊接残余应力和车辆荷载共同作用下的波形钢腹板细节疲劳极限状态方程，讨论不同波折角度和交通增长率对疲劳可靠度指标的影响规律。研究表明，翼缘板-波形钢腹板焊接构件斜边两侧的纵向残余应力呈对称分布，焊接细节转角区域圆弧外侧的纵向残余应力整体高于圆弧内侧，随着波折角度的增加，两侧焊缝附近的纵向残余应力变大；在桥梁设计基准期取100年时，30°波折角度焊缝细节疲劳可靠度是60°波折角度的1.05倍；交通量的线性增长对头道河大桥焊缝细节的疲劳可靠度影响较大，不考虑交通增长率的焊缝细节疲劳可靠度是α=5%的1.84倍。     

Failure analysis of the total knee prosthesis anchored with PMMA

Stress and failure analysis of the bone/cement/metal prosthesis of the femorotibial joint are made. The system is modelled by the finite element method in two dimensions while the strain energy density (SED) criterion is applied to locate the potential medial and lateral failure sites in the PMMA for five different prosthesis positions. Examined also is the influence of the PMMA cement that may or may not completely fill the ligament between the stems of the femoral prosthetic component.According to the SED criterion, the cement next to the base of the femoral component systems is the weakest, particularly when the implant is tilted locally resulting in an uneven spread of the cement lining. A 10° local misalignment of the metal implant with reference to the mechanical axis of the femur is more detrimental than the 20° valgus or 20° varus position. The precise locations of possible failure sites on the cement are predicted even though the overall structural integrity of the total knee prosthesis system is found to be adequate for the ideal case investigated. Loadings of a dynamic nature combined with imperfections such as voids and defects in the cement are additional factors that can enhance failure initiation.     

髓核固定/滑动型人工颈椎间盘应力特征对比及关节面摩擦学优化设计

对比了髓核固定型和滑动型人工颈椎间盘应力和变形特征,根据应力和λ值(最小膜厚与等效粗糙度之比),采用正交试验法进行关节面摩擦学优化设计. 结果表明:两款球窝假体应力集中均发生在相对运动关节面和组件连接处,且髓核上表面应力最大值呈环形分布特征. 滑动型相对固定型,优势是运动模式更丰富、应力传递更均匀,劣势是复杂运动会加大髓核应力(从1.36 MPa到2.43 MPa). 固定型的髓核变形量仅是滑动型的22.5%,但总变形均集中在前后两端. 关节面参数对应力影响权重是球缺高度>球头半径>球窝间隙,且高度和半径越大、间隙越小越好;对润滑状态影响权重是球窝间隙>球头半径,且间隙越小、半径越大,润滑状态越佳. 半径、间隙和高度的最佳组合为16.00 mm、10.0 μm和1.2 mm,在此组合下滑动型假体最大应力数值最小(2.79 MPa),且润滑状态最佳(λ值0.573).      

Pseudospectral method for optimal propellantless rendezvous using geomagnetic Lorentz force

A charged spacecraft is subject to the Lorentz force when it orbits a central body with a magnetic field. The induced Lorentz force provides a new mean of propellantless electromagnetic propulsion for orbital control. Modeling the Earth magnetic field as a tilted dipole that co-rotates with the Earth, this paper develops a nonlinear dynamical model that describes the relative motion of the Lorentz spacecraft about an arbitrary reference orbit. Based on the proposed dynamical model, feasibility of Lorentz-propelled rendezvous with no restrictions on the initial states is investigated. The rendezvous problem is then formulated as an optimal control problem, and solved with the Gauss pseudospectral method (GPM). Numerical simulations substantiate the validity of proposed model and method, and results show that the propellantless rendezvous is achieved at both fixed and free final time.     

Real-Time Displacement Measurement of a Flexible Bridge Using Digital Image Processing Techniques

In this study, real-time displacement measurement of bridges was carried out by means of digital image processing techniques. This is innovative, highly cost-effective and easy to implement, and yet maintains the advantages of dynamic measurement and high resolution. First, the measurement point is marked with a target panel of known geometry. A commercial digital video camera with a telescopic lens is installed on a fixed point away from the bridge (e.g., on the coast) or on a pier (abutment), which can be regarded as a fixed point. Then, the video camera takes a motion picture of the target. Meanwhile, the motion of the target is calculated using image processing techniques, which require a texture recognition algorithm, projection of the captured image, and calculation of the actual displacement using target geometry and the number of pixels moved. Field tests were carried out for the verification of the present method. The test results gave sufficient dynamic resolution in amplitude as well as the frequency. Use of this technology for a large suspension bridge is discussed considering the characteristics of such bridges having low natural frequencies within 3 Hz and the maximum displacement of several centimeters.     

Analytical Modeling for Gravity Segregation in Gas Improved Oil Recovery of Tilted Reservoirs

Stone’s model for gravity segregation in gas improved oil recovery (IOR) indicates the distance that injected gas and water travel together before the segregation being completed (length of complete segregation). This model is very useful for co-injection of water and gas into horizontal depleted reservoirs. A proof by Rossen and van Duijn showed that Stone’s model applies to steady-state gas–liquid flow, and also foam flow, in horizontal reservoirs as long as the standard assumptions of fractional flow theory (incompressible flow, Newtonian mobilities, local equilibrium) are applied. However, until now, there has been no analytical study on the length of segregation when co-injection of water and gas occurs in tilted reservoirs. In this article, in order to extent the validity of Stone’s model to tilted reservoirs, governing equations of fluids displacement based on fractional flow theory are solved by the method of characteristics, MOC. The results are then compared to Stone’s model and to the results of a three-dimensional finite-difference compositional reservoir simulator. This study shows that Stone’s model should be corrected for tilted reservoirs and that the presented math proof can model gravity segregation in gas IOR of tilted reservoirs, appropriately. The effect of co-injecting of water and gas into tilted reservoirs on recovery efficiency is also examined.     

柔性桥台合理加筋间距的力学模型试验

桥头跳车是公路工程中普遍且复杂的问题，加筋土结构的柔性桥台的应用，可能在根本上避免错台的出现和桥头跳车的产生。然而，其加筋间距的确定具有较大的盲目性。对土工织物加筋柔性桥台进行了4组大模型结构力学试验，对不同加筋间距下柔性桥台的工程特性进行了详尽的对比分析。试验结果表明，土工织物加筋柔性桥台的合理间距为30—50cm。     

雅砻江锦屏一级水电站坝址区实测地应力与重大工程地质问题分析

本文对雅砻江锦屏一级水电站坝址区Ⅱ1-Ⅱ1及其前后剖面实测地应力进行了系统整理分析。分析结果表明:在相同的水平和垂直埋深条件下左岸坡角应力大小较右岸坡角小,这主要是由边坡岩体结构确定的;左岸导流洞开挖过程中在应力大小较右岸低的情况下出现坍塌工程地质问题也与左岸边坡岩体结构有关,而非岩爆等诱发。另外对左岸岩体深部裂缝在已有研究成果的基础上从应力集中、能量积累角度初步提出了新的边坡变形破坏方式,并从岩体结构和地应力大小方面对锦屏一级水电站工程建设过程中左、右岸应注意的工程地质问题提出了初步建议。     

西安市黑河水库左坝肩渗漏三维数值模拟及坝肩坡体稳定性分析

直接针对西安市黑河水库左坝肩渗漏这一重大工程实际问题展开研究与计算。应用三维有限差分方法对左坝肩单薄山梁的初始渗流场、蓄水后的渗流场进行了数值模拟 ,分析渗漏方式、计算相应的渗漏量 ,并通过计算说明了断层是集中渗漏通道。而后利用三维数值计算提供的水位值 ,应用极限平衡分析法 ,对左坝肩岩质斜坡稳定性进行计算与分析 ,计算结果对实际工程的决策与治理提供重要的依据。     

人工椎间盘生物摩擦学研究进展:脊柱模拟试验机方法

人工椎间盘生物摩擦学性能评估有多种研究方法,其中使用脊柱模拟试验机是评估椎间盘假体中长期磨损性能的主要手段.本文整理了近年来使用脊柱模拟试验机进行椎间盘假体磨损性能评估的研究文献,介绍了现有脊柱模拟试验机种类和研究方法以及相关试验标准;分析了近年来针对影响假体磨损性能主要因素(假体结构设计、关节材料、材料表面处理、载荷/运动/频率、润滑液、磨损时间等)所取得的研究进展;综述了主要颈腰椎人工椎间盘假体的磨损性能.     

On the integrability of the motion of a heavy particle on a tilted cone and the swinging Atwood machine

In the present note we study the motion of a particle under uniform gravity on a tilted smooth cone. We point out some integrable cases of that problem. In particular, we establish that motion on the cone with semi-vertical angle π/6 and one generator vertical is integrable. Moreover, we show that the swinging Atwood machine is equivalent to a special version of the motion on the tilted cone. This analogy makes it easier to analyze motion of SAM from a geometrical point of view.