基于LHS-Kriging法的正交异性钢桥面板疲劳可靠度分析

为解决随机车载下正交异性钢桥面板疲劳应力谱有限元求解耗时问题,采用拉丁超立方抽样（LHS）与Kriging方法,建立了快速获取随机车流作用下细节疲劳应力谱的LHS-Kriging有限元替代模型,并将此模型应用于南溪长江大桥正交异性钢桥面板疲劳可靠度计算。结果表明,基于LHS-Kriging方法的有限元替代模型, 不需要经过大量车辆荷载的有限元加载,可直接快速获取细节疲劳应力谱;与传统的响应面法（RSM）相比,Kriging法预测的细节等效疲劳应力更符合有限元计算结果;随着交通量增长率的增大,桥梁的疲劳可靠度显著减少;100年后,当交通量增长率为3%和5%时,正交异性桥面板与纵肋焊接处的细节疲劳可靠度小于2。     

基于LHS-Kriging法的正交异性钢桥面板疲劳可靠度分析

为解决随机车载下正交异性钢桥面板疲劳应力谱有限元求解耗时问题,采用拉丁超立方抽样(LHS)与Kriging方法,建立了快速获取随机车流作用下细节疲劳应力谱的LHS-Kriging有限元替代模型,并将此模型应用于南溪长江大桥正交异性钢桥面板疲劳可靠度计算。结果表明,基于LHS-Kriging方法的有限元替代模型,不需要经过大量车辆荷载的有限元加载,可直接快速获取细节疲劳应力谱;与传统的响应面法(RSM)相比,Kriging法预测的细节等效疲劳应力更符合有限元计算结果;随着交通量增长率的增大,桥梁的疲劳可靠度显著减少;100年后,当交通量增长率为3%和5%时,正交异性桥面板与纵肋焊接处的细节疲劳可靠度小于2。     

A633D斗杆的疲劳裂纹形成寿命

分析了A633D钢焊接接头在循环哉荷下的疲劳特性,进行了疲劳特性和静态拉伸实验,得到了该材料的静力参数,常规机械性能,焊接接头的循环σ-ε曲线以及焊接接头的应变寿命曲线,将局部应力－应变法用于该材料的10m3斗杆的裂纹形成寿命的估算,采用Miner法则结合概率的方法计算了不同可靠度下的疲劳寿命,其间考虑了焊接残余应力的影响,得出了焊接残余应力的存在使斗杆的裂纹形成寿命降低约10％。     

冲击法改善T91钢焊接残余应力的研究分析

基于焊后热处理可以降低T91钢焊接残余应力,但无法改变其应力状态的分布问题,本文模拟分析了冲击法对于改善焊接残余应力的影响情况。通过ANSYS软件平台,导入经焊后热处理后的残余应力为初始状态,分析了不同的冲击力度、冲击间隔、双点冲击情况对于T91钢中小径薄壁管焊接残余应力的影响。模拟结果表明:冲击处理可以在处理表面一定深度范围内引入一定区域占比的压应力,并且压应力区域随载荷的增加而加大;由于不经焊后热处理的最高应力集中在焊缝内表面区域,因此只通过冲击处理的机械方式不能得到良好的改善焊后残余应力效果。通过焊后热处理结合焊缝区外表面冲击处理,可以在降低焊接残余应力的同时引入一定比例的压应力,从而得到较好的应力状态。单点环向冲击间隔7.2°的0.2mm冲击位移载荷下,具有75%左右的外表面环向压应力产生,可作为改善T91钢中小径薄壁管焊接残余应力的方案。     

基于多因素的焊接结构疲劳裂纹扩展速率分析

以Donahue等提出的疲劳裂纹扩展速率计算模型为基础,通过引入形状系数、张开比和残余应力等参数,建立了适用于焊接结构的疲劳裂纹扩展速率计算模型,分析了多种因素对焊接结构疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响规律。结果表明,焊板厚度和焊缝余高的变化均会对焊接结构疲劳裂纹的扩展速率产生影响,在对焊接结构表面形状进行设计时应保有一定的焊缝余高;有效应力比的增大会降低焊接结构疲劳裂纹的扩展速率,且裂纹深度的变化不会改变有效应力比对焊接结构疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响;残余应力的增大会提高焊接结构疲劳裂纹的扩展速率,且残余应力对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的促进作用随着裂纹深度的增加而增大,在对焊接结构的疲劳性能进行设计时须考虑残余应力对结构性能的影响。     

爆炸处理消除大型柱壳结构环焊缝残余应力实验研究

为探讨大型耐压柱壳结构对接环焊缝焊接残余应力消除方法，根据耐压柱壳结构环焊缝焊接工艺，设计并制作了大型耐压柱壳结构对接环焊缝模拟焊接模型，并采用沿焊缝条状布药，分别进行了单、双面布药爆炸处理消除大型耐压柱壳结构对接环焊缝焊接残余应力模型实验。结果表明:大型耐压柱壳结构对接环焊缝存在较大的焊接残余应力；单、双面爆炸处理均能有效调整、消除焊接残余应力，残余应力分布明显均匀化；焊后残余应力越大，爆炸处理效果越明显，当焊接残余应力大于0.5s时，单面爆炸处理后残余应力m下降幅度在40%以上，双面爆炸处理后残余应力m下降幅度在60%以上；采用沿焊缝条状布药，爆炸处理能有效消除沿焊缝的纵向残余应力；双面爆炸处理效果优于单面爆炸处理效果。     

基于能量变分法的钢底板波形钢腹板组合箱梁畸变效应分析

为合理分析钢底板波形钢腹板梯形箱梁的畸变效应，按各板件面内外抗弯刚度不变的原则将全截面等效为钢材，利用圣维南原理考虑顶底板对波形钢腹板的约束作用，修正畸变扇性坐标分布模式，基于能量变分法建立畸变控制微分方程。与已有文献及有限元进行对比分析，并研究腹板俯角和波形钢腹板厚度变化对畸变翘曲正应力的影响。结果表明，本文解析解与文献解及ANSYS解均吻合较好；基于圣维南原理修正后的扇形坐标分布模式更合理；利用本文等效方法亦可分析传统波形钢腹板组合箱梁的畸变效应；腹板俯角的设置有利于减小畸变翘曲正应力；波形钢腹板厚度变化对腹板与底板交接处的畸变翘曲正应力影响显著。     

基于非齐次复合Poisson过程的正交异性钢桥面板细节疲劳裂纹随机扩展研究

传统的正交异性钢桥面板疲劳损伤评估常采用确定性和可靠性分析方法,忽略了疲劳裂纹扩展的随机性影响,针对这一问题,提出钢桥面板细节疲劳随机扩展分析方法。本文以南溪长江大桥为工程背景,基于长期车辆荷载监测数据,建立了车辆荷载非齐次复合Poisson过程模型。建立钢桥面板有限元模型,采用瞬态分析方法将随机车辆荷载转化成细节疲劳应力,基于线弹性断裂力学理论推导U肋-顶板焊接细节疲劳裂纹扩展时变微分方程,实现宏观关系式疲劳应力幅次数-疲劳损伤至微观表达式应力时间序列-疲劳损伤转换,讨论了车载次序及超载对疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。研究结果表明,非齐次复合泊松过程模型能够较好描述随机车流运营状态,车辆荷载的次序对疲劳裂纹扩展速率的影响不可忽略,重车排序靠前时能够促使疲劳裂纹扩展增速,南溪长江大桥细节点的车辆超载迟滞效应修正系数取值0.804。     

波形钢腹板组合箱梁约束扭转分析

波形钢腹板箱梁相比于传统混凝土箱梁其扭转效应更为明显，为了更加合理地分析其约束扭转效应，在乌曼斯基第二理论的基础上考虑波形钢腹板的手风琴效应及顶底板对腹板的约束作用，通过截面等效的途径，推导了约束扭转正应力和二次剪应力的计算公式，数值算例和ANSYS有限元分析验证了所推导公式的正确性。引入正应力系数反映约束扭转正应力与弯曲正应力的占比关系，引入剪应力系数反映二次剪应力对扭转总剪应力的影响程度。结合数值算例，详细分析了悬臂板宽度和波形钢腹板厚度变化对应力系数的影响规律。研究结果表明，偏心集中荷载作用下，扭转翘曲正应力可达到弯曲正应力的45%，波形钢腹板上下两端区域内的约束扭转正应力可达到弯曲正应力水平，二次剪应力可达到扭转总剪应力的52%，减小悬臂板宽度和增大波形钢腹板厚度可显著降低二次剪应力。     

残余应力对含裂纹缺陷管道疲劳寿命的影响

针对焊缝区含表面轴向裂纹管道的疲劳寿命问题,探究管道在内压波动下裂纹扩展的规律。建立了焊缝区裂纹仿真模型。采用ABAQUS有限元软件的多层生死单元技术计算了长输管道X80钢的残余应力场。将焊接残余应力场作为裂纹扩展分析的初始应力场导入裂纹仿真模型,结合该软件的扩展有限元法(XFEM)和二次开发计算了在焊接残余应力下裂纹扩展的规律。结果表明:由于焊接残余应力的影响,热影响区含裂纹缺陷的X80管道疲劳寿命明显降低,降低幅度约达40%;裂纹长度对管道的疲劳寿命影响不显著,裂纹深度对其有一定影响,而应力比影响最大,且应力比R=0.1最为显著。     

Preface: Current research progress on mechanics of high speed rail

The construction and operation of high-speed rail（HSR）grid within the past two decades in China,in terms of the scale,may be possibly comparable to any national-wide construction in the history of China,even the Great Wall.By counting railways with commercial train service at the speed of200 km/h,China has the world’s longest HSR network with over 19 369.8 km of track in service today and this number     

ACTA MECHANICA SINICA 2014 ANNUAL SUBJECT INDEX

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人造地震动合成中的位移误差分析

三角函数级数法是合成人工地震动常用算法之一,但是通过对加速度积分求取位移时,却存在与零线漂移相类似的位移漂移现象。     

Hermitian space-time finite elements for estuarine mass transport

Space-time finite element solutions of the convection–dispersion equation using higher-order nodal continuity and Hermitian polynomial shape functions are described. Five separate elements ranging from a complete linear element with C^0,0 nodal continuity to a complete first-order Hermitian element with C^1,1 nodal continuity are subjected to detailed analysis. Wave deformation analyses identify the source of leading or trailing edge oscillations, trailing edge oscillations being the major source of difficulty. These observations are confirmed by numerical experiments which further demonstrate the potential of higher-order nodal continuity. The performance of the complete first-order Hermitian element is quite satisfactory and measurably superior to the linear element.     

Rainwater rivulets on a cable subject to windFilets d'eau de pluie sur un câble soumis au vent

Rainwater rivulets appear on inclined cables of cable-stayed bridges when wind and rain occur simultaneously. In a restricted range of parameters this is known to cause vibrations of high amplitudes on the cable. The mechanism underlying this effect is still under debate but the role of rainwater rivulets is certain. We use a standard lubrication model to analyse the dynamics of a water film on a cylinder under the effect of gravity and wind load. A simple criterion is then proposed for the appearance and position of rivulets, where the Froude number is the control parameter. Experiments with several geometries of cylinder covered with water in a wind tunnel show the evolution of the rivulets with the Froude number. Comparison of the prediction by the model with these experimental data shows that the main mechanism of rivulet formation and positioning is captured. To cite this article: C. Lemaitre et al., C. R. Mecanique 334 (2006).     

Cristallisation par onde acoustique : le cas de l'héliumCrystallization by acoustic waves: the case of helium

We establish a theoretical model to explain the nucleation of a crystal of helium by an acoustic over-pressure. We explain the interfacial laws for this ultra-fast cristallization, close to the sound speed. Assuming spherical symmetry and taking into account the experimental data, we recover the dynamics of the growth and melting during an over-pressure impulse. To cite this article: M. Ben Amar et al., C. R. Mecanique 331 (2003).     

Structure initiale et propriétés de liquéfaction statique d'un sableInitial structure and static liquefaction properties of sand.

Based on the use of two different preparation procedures for reconstituting triaxial samples of sand, i.e. wet tamping and dry pluviation, significant differences in associated mechanical behaviour are observed on a reference sand with respect to the phenomenon of ‘static’ liquefaction. Wet tamping favours the initiation of liquefaction instability, whereas dry pluviation favours a more stable behaviour, less susceptible to liquefaction. Microscopic observation of corresponding sand specimens allows us to identify two well differentiated structures, i.e., for wet tamping, an irregular structure with predominance of aggregates (aggregated grains) and macropores, very contractant and unstable and, for dry pluviation, a more regular structure, without macropores, more dilatant and more stable. These observations show the importance of further characterization, based on the introduction of appropriate parameters, of the initial structure of sandy materials, strongly dependant upon their mode of formation (natural or artificial). To cite this article: N. Benahmed et al., C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

INFORMATION FOR CONTRIBUTORS

Contributions： The Journal, Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica, is pleased to receive papers from engineers and scientists working in various aspects of solid mechanics. All contributions are subject to critical review prior to acceptance and publication.     

The 7th International Conference on Fluid Mechanics May 24-27,2015,Qingdao,China

正http://www.icfm7.org First Announcement and Call for PapersThe objective of International Conference on Fluid Mechanics(ICFM)is to provide a forum for researchers to exchange new ideas and recent advances in the fields of theoretical,experimental,computational Fluid Mechanics as well as interdisciplinary subjects.It was successfully convened by the Chinese Society of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics(CSTAM)in Beijing(1987,