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在建立水平井流动方程的基础上,通过气固两相流动基本数学模型的求解数值模拟不同工况条件下的气固混合物冲蚀能量,得出了冲蚀能量的变化规律。算例数值模拟显示:环空速度剖面主要由注气量大小决定,机械钻速的影响不大;相同注气量条件下,机械钻速降低与井下岩屑浓度等比例下降;注气量的增加能提高井眼净化程度,但不如降低机械钻速效果明显;环空总冲蚀能中气体冲蚀能量占绝对主要地位,岩屑冲蚀能量只占极小部分,在相同注气量条件下总冲蚀能量基本相同;岩屑冲蚀能量主要取决于机械钻速,机械钻速越大井底产生岩屑越多冲蚀能力越强,相同机械钻速条件下,较大注气量能提供较大岩屑运移速度,提高了岩屑冲蚀能量。 相似文献
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钻井液中加入体积分数为1%~3%的钢质粒子在钻头喷嘴处高速喷出冲击岩石,实现了粒子射流冲击和钻头机械联合破岩,有效提高了破岩效率。利用瞬态非线性动力学有限元模拟软件,基于光滑粒子流体动力学(smoothed particle hydrodynamics,SPH)方法,考虑流体对粒子射流冲击的影响,建立了粒子射流冲击破岩的物理模型,获得了粒子射流参数对破岩体积的影响规律,进行了室内实验验证,验证了SPH方法的有效性。结果表明:粒子射流冲击岩石表面形成规则的V型冲击坑;同条件下粒子射流破岩体积是水射流破岩体积的2~4倍;随着粒子射流冲蚀时间的增加,粒子射流破岩体积不断增加,但破岩效率降低;粒子射流压力大于10 MPa后,粒子射流破岩效率迅速增大;喷射角度大于6°后,破岩效率迅速减小。 相似文献
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固体火箭燃气射流驱动液柱过程的CFD分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
固体火箭燃气射流驱动液柱过程会产生一个复杂的非稳态多相流场,为了研究液柱对固体火箭发动机工作过程中射流流场的降温效果,并揭示燃气冲击液柱的流动演化和气水之间的相互作用,利用FLUENT软件中耦合了液态水汽化方程的VOF多相流计算模型对燃气与液柱之间的耦合流动及相变过程进行了数值模拟,并与无液柱情况下射流流场的计算结果进行了对比分析。计算结果表明,当有液柱平衡体时射流流场中的压力、温度、速度波动幅度均减小,减弱了射流流场中的湍流脉动强度;液柱与燃气之间的汽化以及液柱的阻碍作用减小了射流流场的轴向发展位移,尾管后的完全发展射流流场核心区域内的压力峰值降低了0.9 MPa,温度峰值降低了503 K,速度峰值降低了291 m/s,验证了实验中液柱对燃气射流流场的降温效果。 相似文献
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横向紊动射流的数值与实验研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
横向紊动射流作为流体运动的一种重要类型,广泛存在于如: 燃气轮机气膜冷却、锅炉燃烧室等的燃烧控制, V/STOL(垂直或短距离起落)飞机、废气排放的控制等工程实际应用中.由于射流的存在,增加了流场的复杂性,流场中同时存在射流剪切层涡、马蹄形涡系、反向旋涡对和尾迹涡等4种涡系结构,这对流体力学理论研究具有重要意义.长期以来,研究人员从理论分析、实验测量和数值模拟方面对横向紊动射流进行了大量的研究工作,目前已经认识了流场中的许多流动特性和流动机理.从数值模拟和实验研究两个方面,比较并分析了国内外横向紊动射流研究的现状和研究结果,评述了不同湍流模型以及不同的实验测量方法对横向紊动射流的预测能力,讨论了存在的问题并对该领域的研究方向进行了展望. 相似文献
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本文改造了高阶精度的MUSCL(MonotonicUpstream-centered Scheme for Conservation Laws)差分格式,对含有膛口装置和运动弹丸的火炮膛口流场进行了数值模拟,得到了由空气冲击波和射流近场结构所组成的全流场流动图象。 相似文献
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为了研究膛口装置对膛口噪声气动特性的影响,对带膛口制退器的某小口径武器的膛口射流噪声进行了数值模拟和实验研究。采用计算流体力学CFD (computational fluid dynamics)-计算气动声学CAA (computational aeroacoustics)耦合算法对膛口噪声进行数值模拟,即对膛口流场进行瞬态CFD模拟,获取流场数据,然后利用所得到的结果采用声学方程模拟声源信息求解声场。基于数值模拟结果,分析了膛口流场变化及噪声的指向性分布,并与实验结果进行了对比。研究表明:膛口制退器的安装改变了膛口流场结构,影响了膛口射流噪声的指向性分布。计算结果与实验结果的误差小于9%,验证了该计算方法的可行性。研究结果可为膛口射流噪声的预测及膛口制退器的设计提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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NUMERICAL MODELING FOR FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION UNDER BLAST AND IMPACT LOADING RESPONSE 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
建立了基于位移相等条件的流固耦合数值模拟程序框架,通过串联弱耦合方式对爆炸冲击波作用下流固耦合效应进行数值模拟. 其中非线性固体位移场采用基于Lagrange方法描述的时域间断伽辽金有限元方法进行处理. 基于修正弹簧近似的非结构动网格新技术,非定常流场采用格心格式的有限体积方法进行求解. 数值模拟结果表明: 该文所发展的弱耦合分析程序在流固耦合数值模拟过程中具有可靠的计算精度. 同时,程序对于爆炸强间断气动冲击载荷冲击作用下固体变形引起流场的反射和叠加效应, 以及流场变化引起复杂的固体响应具有良好的耦合求解能力. 相似文献
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We pose the problem of self-excitation of elastic wave torsional vibrations of a rotating drill string, which arise as a result
of frictional interaction of the drill bit with the rock at the bottom of the deep hole. We use d’Alembert’s solution of the
wave equation to construct a mathematical model of the wave torsion pendulum in the form of a nonlinear ordinary differential
equation with retarded argument. We show that there exists a range of variation in the angular velocity of the drill string
rotation, where, along with the unstable stationary solution characterized by the absence of vibrations, there are oscillatory
solutions in the form of a stable limit cycle (attractor). The self-excitation of these vibrations is soft, and the self-oscillations
themselves belong to the class of relaxation vibrations, because their period can be divided into several separated intervals
corresponding to slow and fast variations in the state of the system. The velocities of the drill bit elastic motions on each
of these time intervals remain constant, and the durations of all of them are the same and equal to the time interval (quantum)
of the twist mode propagation from the drill bit to the drill string top and conversely. 相似文献
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Aiming to solve the computational cost problem in the discrete element simulation for lunar soil drilling sampling, an equivalent boundary method was proposed. A high-accuracy DEM model of lunar soil was established firstly. As the novel alterable constitutive law, the accuracy of the model was verified to meet the performance of real lunar soil very much both in shear strength indices and elastic–plastic behavior. A common drill bit in the geological exploration field for sampling soil was chosen as the simulation object. In preanalysis, it was known that with the increase of drilling depth, the stress concentration area was always near the drill bit, while the affected area of the lunar soil was a cylindrical area around the drill pipe, which extended towards the drilling direction instead of extending around it. Then a big boundary drilling simulation scene was established to investigate the flow direction of lunar soil particles. The motion law of particles and the velocity field information were obtained, and a U-shape chain was described around the drill bit. Finally an equivalent boundary was set near the U-shaped chain, and the size was determined by comparing the soil stress in the fierce collision zone and around the reference boundary. This method could be a reference for other lunar soil drilling researches with other drills of different sizes. 相似文献
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半铰接柔性钻具的载荷传递规律直接影响超短半径水平井钻进的成功率。为此,首先推导出半铰接柔性钻杆的单元刚度方程并揭示了半铰接柔性钻杆的弯矩传递规律;然后,采用理论分析与数值模拟相结合的方法,验证了半铰接柔性钻杆有限元模型的正确性;最后,建立造斜段半铰接柔性钻具力学模型,对不同井眼曲率半径下半铰接柔性钻具的载荷传递规律进行研究。结果表明:井深位置相同时,井底扭矩值随曲率半径的增加而增大;半铰接柔性钻杆未锁死时,柔性钻杆不传递弯矩且井底扭矩波动较大,相关研究成果为柔性钻具的设计提供理论依据。 相似文献
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处于狭长井筒中的钻柱,其动力响应受到钻具组合、内外钻井液流动以及钻井参数等因素的影响,钻柱动力失稳导致的剧烈振动是井壁坍塌和钻具失效的重要原因。考虑到钻杆和钻铤在刚度和线密度上存在很大的差别,论文将钻柱简化为单阶梯输液管柱,钻井液沿着钻柱内部向下泵入并从环空返回地面。耦合考虑钻柱自重、随时间简谐变化的波动钻压、稳定器以及钻井液的水动力和阻尼力,建立了直井中钻柱横向振动的解析模型。利用有限单元法离散为四阶常微分方程后,采用Bolotin法得到临界频率方程确定系统的不稳定区范围,研究了钻压、钻杆长度、稳定器安装位置、钻井液的流速和密度等参数对系统稳定性影响的机理。研究表明:钻压的平均值和波动幅值都是钻柱失稳的驱动因素,而系统的稳定性对处于受拉状态的钻杆的长度变化不敏感。在论文所研究的参数范围内,降低钻井液流速和密度、下移稳定器的安装位置均有助于增强系统的稳定性。 相似文献
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Bernt Sigve Adnoy 《Experimental Mechanics》1988,28(3):249-253
A rock-drilling machine to facilitate full-scale drilling experiments has been built. The machine uses a sixinch tricone roller
bit to study the dynamics of the rock-bit interaction. This process is not well understood, and there is a definite need to
establish criteria for drill-bit wear and for the directional stability of the drill bit. The research undertaken here is
one step towards this goal. Specifically, this paper presents the results of a time-series analysis of forces measured on
a drill bit. It is found that there exist no simple relationships between the forces, but some qualitative relationships are
found.
A strong correlation exists between the vertical force and two of the tangential forces on the drill-bit legs. Some correlation
is seen between the other forces, but to a lesser extent.
Most of the forces show a dominant frequency at the rate of rotation of the drill bit. This may be due to a hard spot in the
formation, hole eccentricity, uneven-bit-roller loading or simply hole deviational effects. Also a frequency which corresponded
to three times the rotational rate was dominant. This is interpreted as a result of the three roller cones acting on, for
example, a hard spot in the formation. Comparing the observed frequencies to the calculated expected frequencies due to roller-tooth
impact, only the lower of the expected frequencies were seen. The higher expected frequencies were apparently attenuated.
Some of the intermediate frequencies that were observed cannot be explained in terms of the simple relationships discussed
above, and it is concluded that the drill-bit/rock interaction is a very complex process which is not yet fully understood. 相似文献
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Multiple measurements using the hole drilling method were made in samples with a “known” state of residual stress. Drilling parameters were independently varied (bit rotation speed, bit diameter, and hole depth) to determine the effect on accuracy and repeatability. The study showed that accurate results can be achieved without ultra-high drill rotation speeds and that, in aluminum and stainless steel, speeds over 5 krpm and 10 krpm (respectively) were sufficient. Inaccuracies were evident in the stainless steel at speeds below 10 krpm and were attributed to non-circular holes, which may have been the result of bit vibration. There were no significant trends associated with altering the hole depth and only a slight trend associated with bit diameter variation. 相似文献
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Ordinary drillstring torsional vibration is a very common phenomenon that has been attracted great interesting. Through Measurement data, a series of studies and analysis of torsional vibration characteristics of the bottom hole assembly (BHA) have been developed. However, for rotary steerable system (RSS), especially push-the-bit mode, its drill torsional vibration phenomenon will demonstrate the new properties, because that the underground implementing agencies will generate cycle torque and drag to the BHA in the orientation process. This process is completely different to the previous. A set of “strap-down” measurement system was developed in this paper, and the triaxial accelerometer and triaxial fluxgate were installed near the bit. Proposed a method of solver drill bit rotation speed using real-time downhole measurement data (sampling frequency 100 Hz), and the torsional vibration mathematical model of push-the-bit RSS was established. We found that the torsional vibration phenomenon of push-the-bit RSS is more serious than the ordinary drilling system by downhole measurement data analysis, even in most cases manifested as stick-slip. The torsional vibration was divided into five different modes, which showing different statistical regularities. Corresponding analysis of the angular displacement and speed, we found that the drill bit always appears low-speed in the position of oriented. This is a strong proof of that the RSS implementing agencies pushing the BHA caused the drill bit torsional vibration more serious. This work is supplemented and development of the drill string torsional vibration studies. Contribute to the better understanding of the dynamics of the push-the-bit RSS. Put forward a new way of analysis the rotary steerable drillstring fatigue damage predicted, steering ability and the torsional vibration control. 相似文献
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采用粒子图像测速技术(particle image velocimetry, PIV)研究固体颗粒对放置在平板层流边界层中半球粗糙元尾迹的影响. 实验采集了清水和加入粒径为140 $\mu$m, 220 $\mu$m, 350$\mu$m聚苯乙烯固体颗粒4种工况下二维速度场信息, 基于半球半径的雷诺数为994 ($Re_R=RU/\upsilon$), 固体颗粒的体积浓度为$3.0\times10^{-5}$. 对比清水和两相工况下的平均速度剖面、湍流强度等宏观统计量, 分析固体颗粒对半球尾迹流动宏观特性的影响. 分别利用沿流向不同位置的流向脉动速度的二维空间相关系数和法向脉动速度的功率谱密度函数分析颗粒对尾迹结构演化过程及尾迹结构脱落频率的影响. 结果发现: 与清水相比, 回流区随颗粒粒径增大而逐渐增大; 颗粒使湍流强度增大, 回流区的存在导致在半球后流向位置$2R$前后区域湍流强度呈现不同变化趋势; 颗粒使尾迹结构的流向尺度减小并且随着颗粒粒径的增大先减小后增大; 在尾迹结构运动过程中颗粒的存在促进了尾迹结构的周期性加速和减速运动, 促进作用随着颗粒粒径的增大先增强后减弱; 颗粒的存在促进了尾迹结构的脱落, 脱落频率随颗粒粒径的增大先增大后减小. 相似文献
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基于离散裂缝的多段压裂水平井数值试井模型及应用 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
水平井压裂技术已经成为开发低渗透油气藏、页岩气藏和致密气场等非常规油气藏的关键技术。基于离散裂缝模型,对裂缝进行简化,建立了二维多段压裂水平井有限导流数值试井模型,利用有限元方法求解模型,获得多段压裂水平井试井理论曲线和压力场特征。分析表明:多段压裂水平井的试井理论曲线一共分为七个阶段:井筒储存段、裂缝线性流段、裂缝-地层双线性流段、裂缝干扰段、地层线性流段、系统径向流段和边界作用段,其中裂缝-地层双线性流段和裂缝干扰是其典型特征。分析了裂缝数量、裂缝间距、裂缝不对称、裂缝不等长和裂缝部分缺失等因素对试井理论曲线的影响,结果表明:裂缝数量和裂缝间距对试井理论曲线的影响最大。较多的裂缝、较大裂缝间距、对称的裂缝和等长的裂缝有利于降低压裂水平井井底的流动阻力,提高产能。将建立的数值试井模型应用于四川盆地一口多段压裂水平井的压力恢复测试的数值试井解释,结果表明:本文建立的模型可以较好的拟合压力恢复测试数据,可以获得裂缝的导流能力和裂缝长度,为压裂效果评价和压裂设计提供指导。 相似文献