复杂板-腔系统声振耦合机理分析

以敷设多层粘弹性层的复杂弹性板-声腔声振耦合模型为研究对象,结合多层介质声阻抗方法及波数扩展,采用模态展开法推导出点激励作用下耦合系统振动和声场形式解,通过数值计算探索了弹性板参数和粘弹性层参数对弹性板振动和腔内声场的影响规律,并进一步分析了粘弹性层的抑振降噪效果。结果表明:改变弹性板参数对结构振动影响较大;粘弹性层参数对振动和声场影响较显著,其抑振降噪效果主要集中在1000Hz以上中高频段。     

固定界面动态子结构方法研究车内噪声问题

随着社会的发展，降低车内噪声越来越受到人们的重视。由于整车结构复杂，本文采用包括软子结构的动态子结构方法，把整车模型划分为多个子结构，包括动力总成子结构、副车架子结构、车身与车内声场耦合子结构、非簧载质量子结构及多个线性和非线性软子结构等。采用固定界面模态综合法，建立整车结构车内声场流固耦合动力学模型。对于车身与车内声场耦合子结构，由于其总质量和刚度矩阵为非对称矩阵，传统的模态叠加法不能应用到耦合系统中，本文引入了左特征向量的概念，用左特征向量左乘原方程，使耦合系统微分方程得到解耦。在已建立的总系统动力学模型基础上，在时域内对前后轴分别激励时汽车振动和车内噪声特性进行仿真模拟，并通过台架试验对仿真结构进行验证。     

基于拓扑优化的声学结构材料分布设计

本文针对结构的声学设计问题进行研究,通过优化两种不同的材料在结构设计域内的拓扑分 布来最小化谐振结构所产生的声场中指定参考面/参考域内的声压。在研究中假定结构为线弹性小变 形结构,材料阻尼为Rayleigh阻尼,声学介质为无粘、可压缩、小扰动流体。对结构响应采用有限 元格式进行计算,对声场采用基于Helmholtz积分的边界元格式进行计算,由于声场在无穷远自由边 界的无反射条件在边界积分中能自动得到满足,该格式特别适合于具有开放边界的声场计算。建立 了结构有限元-声场边界元格式的耦合系统拓扑优化模型,导出了耦合系统敏感度分析的一般格式及 伴随格式。数值算例验证了所提出的结构-声学耦合系统优化方法的有效性和可靠性,并揭示了基于 声学准则的拓扑优化结果的有关特性 关键词边界积分,结构声学耦合系统,拓扑优化,敏感度分析,伴随方法     

桨-轴-艇纵向耦合振动机理研究

桨-轴-艇结构耦合振动是影响潜艇振动和水下声辐射的重要因素。本文建立了桨-轴子系统和桨-轴-艇耦合结构的数学模型,从动力学分析角度推导了耦合结构振动与子结构各振动物理量之间的关系;通过有限元法对理论分析结果进行了验证,并研究了桨-轴-艇耦合结构水下声辐射频谱与子结构典型模态的关系。有限元数值计算结果与理论分析均表明,桨-轴-艇结构耦合振动导致原耦合结构的模态频率发生偏移,从数学的角度揭示了桨-轴-艇产生纵向耦合振动的根本原因,并给出了耦合结构水下声辐射与子结构典型模态之间的对应关系。     

基于统计能量法的铁路客车室内高频噪声预测与控制

建立了某客车卧铺车厢的整车统计能量分析模型,通过施加轮轨噪声源激励载荷对该车室内噪声水平进行了预测,500 Hz～2500 Hz频率范围内SEA模型的计算结果与实测值的误差在4dB(A)以内.通过包厢壁板对内部声腔的功率输入贡献分析,澄清了地板振动是包厢内低频噪声的主要贡献者,缝隙泄漏则是室内高频噪声的主要贡献者.依据对不同类型地板降噪能力的对比分析以及缝隙面积大小对室内噪声的影响分析,对该车经降噪治理后,室内声压级可降低2dB(A)～3.2dB(A).     

人体--结构系统的水平振动实验

针对静止状态人对结构水平振动特性的影响,建立实验平台,分别测试并分析了质量块-结构系统、单人-结构系统、多人-结构系统水平自振频率与阻尼比变化规律.给出了两种人-结构系统静态水平耦合模型的比较分析以及人体的水平振动频率估计.结果表明:在分析静止状态下人对结构水平振动特性的影响时,人体不可简单作为质量块或质量-弹簧-阻尼系统,而应看作带人体刚性质量的质量-弹簧-阻尼系统.结合实验测试数据和人-结构系统水平耦合模型,得到人体水平前后向频率范围为0.236～3.748 Hz,人体水平左右向频率范围为0.194～5.32 Hz.     

声场-结构耦合系统声压约束下板重量优化设计研究

为了减小振动板重量并使其振动噪声满足设计要求,基于声场-结构耦合有限元模型,提出了使结构重量最小化、满足声压约束的优化设计模型。用有限元直接法计算耦合系统的声响应及域点声压对结构设计变量的灵敏度,用可行方向法对其进行了优化设计研究。以一矩形平板和立方体声场耦合系统为实例,以壳厚度为设计变量,给出了域点声压对结构设计变量的灵敏度、优化前和优化后声压级对比图及最优的设计变量值。经过优化设计,在1Hz~200Hz频段内域点声压最大值降低6分贝,结构重量减少1.88千克。结果表明,声压约束下结构重量最小化设计,通过对结构重量的重新分布,能同时满足结构轻量化及噪声指标的要求。     

阶梯圆柱形耦合声场的特征正交-里兹法建模及声学特性分析

针对阶梯圆柱形耦合声场建模问题,提出基于特征正交-里兹能量原理的声学建模方法.该方法利用二维特征正交多项式和周向傅里叶级数表征阶梯圆柱形耦合声场子分段的声压函数,从能量角度考虑邻近子声场间声学连续性条件,并结合里兹法获得耦合声场的声学特性.基于本建模方法对不同分段的耦合声场开展声学特性分析,结果表明,本建模方法在保证计算准确性的基础上有效提高了计算效率,且对任意阶梯分段的圆柱形耦合声场普遍适用;圆柱形耦合声场固有频率会随着腔体外径增大而普遍增大,而腔深的影响规律相反;降低声学边界阻抗可抑制声学响应幅值,为此类声场的噪声控制提供了设计依据.     

截锥型薄壁结构声振耦合动力特性分析

采用大型通用软件ANSYS,建立截锥型薄壁结构的实体有限元动力学模型,通过与相关实验数据的对比验证了模型合理性。据此,利用无限元模拟自由声场边界,建立声场-截锥型薄壁结构的直接耦合有限元动力学模型。通过数值仿真分析研究了声场中截锥壳结构的振动特性,并讨论了声振动对结构动力特性的影响。研究结果表明:数值仿真结果和截锥壳声振实验数据比较一致。在考虑声场影响后发现:结构位移共振频率值大多有所降低,结构位移共振频率数量显著增多;在低频下,结构位移响应峰值在声场的影响下明显增大;在高频下则明显减小。     

基于模态分析的单轴旋转惯性导航系统结构优化

针对单轴旋转调制惯性导航系统结构动刚度低的问题,以模态仿真分析为基础对系统结构进行优化改进。基于无质量弹性单元等效滚动轴承的方法,利用经验公式计算轴承等效刚度,并引入转子动力学合理表征系统的旋转行为,利用有限元分析软件ANSYS实现了系统模态的高可信度仿真分析。以提高系统一阶模态频率为设计目标,通过结构性能缺陷识别的方法确定优化方向,对结构薄弱点进行改进设计,将系统结构基频从36 Hz提高到74 Hz。最后,开展模态试验验证。试验结果表明,仿真与试验的符合度优于90%,优化后的系统在0~60 Hz的扫频范围内无明显振动响应。     

Assessment of a Two-Way Coupling Methodology Between a Flow and a High-Order Nonlinear Acoustic Unstructured Solvers

A two-way coupling on unstructured meshes between a flow and a high-order acoustic solvers for jet noise prediction is considered. The flow simulation aims at generating acoustic sources in the near field while the acoustic simulation solves the full Euler equations, thanks to a discontinuous Galerkin method, in order to take into account nonlinear acoustic propagation effects. This methodology is firstly validated on academic cases involving nonlinear sound propagation, shock waves and convection of aerodynamic perturbations. The results are compared to analytical solutions and direct computations. A good behaviour of the coupling is found regarding the targeted space applications. An application on a launch pad model is then simulated to demonstrate the robustness and reliability of the present approach.     

A coupled tire structure/acoustic cavity model

The dynamic characteristic of the tires is a key factor in the road-induced interior noise in passenger vehicles. The tire acoustic cavity is a very important factor in the tire dynamics and it must be considered in analyses. This paper describes a closed form analytical model for tire-wheel structures. In order to incorporate the dynamics of the cavity on the tire response, the tire acoustic-structure coupled problem is solved simultaneously. The tire is modeled as an annular cylindrical shell where only the outside shell is flexible, i.e. tire sidewalls and wheel are assumed rigid. From the analytical solution of the eigenproblems, both the tire structure and cavity acoustic responses are expanded in terms of their eigenfunctions. The main objective of the model is to have an efficient tool to investigate the physical coupling mechanisms between the acoustic cavity and the tire structure without the need of complicated numerical model such as finite elements. The result shows that the proposed model captures the main mechanisms of the effect of the tire air acoustic on the tire dynamics.     

Aeroacoustical coupling in a ducted shallow cavity and fluid/structure effects on a steam line

A pure tone phenomenon has been observed at 460 Hz in a piping steam line. The acoustical energy has been identified to be generated in an open gate valve and to be of cavity noise type. This energy is then transmitted to the main pipe by fluid/structure coupling. The objectives here are to display the mechanism of the flow acoustic coupling in the cavity and in the duct through an aeroacoustical analysis and to understand the way of energy transfer from the fluid to the main pipe through a vibroacoustical analysis. Concerning the first objective, an experimental study by means of 2/7 scale models in air is analysed by means of numerical flow simulation. The flow acoustic phenomena are modelled by computing the Euler equations. Two different computations are carried out: in the first one, a pure Euler modelling is used, in the second one, a boundary layer obtained from experimental data is introduced in the computation in order to have a realistic flow profile upstream the cavity. The boundary layer flow profile appears to be essential to recover the experimentally observed coupling between the shear-layer instability and the acoustical transverse mode of the pipe. The numerical results confirm that the second aerodynamic mode is responsible for the oscillation. While the predicted frequency agrees about 1% with the scale model experiments, the predicted amplitude is approximately 15 dB too low. For the second objective, fluid/structure coupling in the main pipe is studied using two fully coupled methods. The first method consists in a modal analysis of the line using a fluid–structure finite element model. The second one is based on the analysis of dispersion diagrams derived from the local equations of cylindrical shells filled with fluid. The way of energy transfer in transverse acoustical waves coupled with flexion-ovalization deformations of the pipe is highlighted using both methods. The dispersion diagrams allow a fast and accurate analysis. The modal analysis using a finite-element model may complete the first one with quantitative data. The link between the fluid/acoustic and the fluid/structure analysis is then the excitation of the transverse acoustical mode of the duct.     

基于声场精细积分算法的潜艇流激噪声预报

建立了Suboff潜艇流场、结构场和声场耦合模型,对其水下航行时流激引起的艇体低频结构振动及水下辐射噪声进行了研究。采用CFD方法对潜艇三维流场进行非定常计算,以此得到艇体表面的脉动力,并通过数据映射将该脉动力加载到潜艇有限元模型进行响应分析。以潜艇壳体响应结果为边界条件,采用声场精细积分算法对潜艇流激引起的水下辐射噪声进行预报,该算法可对Helmholtz边界积分方程(HBIE)中的弱奇异积分系数及近场积分系数进行自适应求解,当细化步数达到6时,积分以10-4的残差单调收敛。结果表明,流激作用下,潜艇水下辐射声功率及声辐射效率皆出现明显峰值,其中流激的线谱成份引起艇体受激强迫振动,辐射较强水声,宽带谱成份则引起艇体结构共振,可辐射更强的水声。因此,降低潜艇的流激噪声,需同时优化艇体型线及内部结构以改善伴流,降低湍流强度,重点是避免流激共振。     

Quadratic stochastic estimation of far‐field acoustic pressure with coherent structure events in a 2D compressible plane mixing layer

Mathematical tools based on cross correlations between aerodynamic quantities of interest inside the shear flow region and the radiated sound pressure are used to investigate noise generation mechanisms in a plane compressible mixing layer. An original methodology relying on an efficient coupling between proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and stochastic estimation procedures is developed to analyze the main aerodynamic mechanisms that govern noise production. POD is used to split the instantaneous flow fluctuations as the sum of three components: the large‐ and small‐scale coherent structures (LCS and SCS) and the background quasi‐Gaussian fluctuations. Based on this flow partitioning, quadratic stochastic estimation is implemented to estimate the far‐field acoustic pressure associated with each flow component. The far field acoustic pressure associated with both LCS and SCS is then investigated. By analyzing the RMS and temporal spectra of the far‐field acoustic pressure, it is observed that the SCSs, as defined thanks to the POD basis, are responsible for the main part of the noise emission. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite Difference Method for the Acoustic Radiation of an Elastic Plate Excited by a Turbulent Boundary Layer: A Spectral Domain Solution

A finite difference method is developed to study, on a two-dimensional model, the acoustic pressure radiated when a thin elastic plate, clamped at its boundaries, is excited by a turbulent boundary layer. Consider a homogeneous thin elastic plate clamped at its boundaries and extended to infinity by a plane, perfectly rigid, baffle. This plate closes a rectangular cavity. Both the cavity and the outside domain contain a perfect fluid. The fluid in the cavity is at rest. The fluid in the outside domain moves in the direction parallel to the system plate/baffle with a constant speed. A turbulent boundary layer develops at the interface baffle/plate. The wall pressure fluctuations in this boundary layer generates a vibration of the plate and an acoustic radiation in the two fluid domains. Modeling the wall pressure fluctuations spectrum in a turbulent boundary layer developed over a vibrating surface is a very complex and unresolved task. Ducan and Sirkis [1] proposed a model for the two-way interactions between a membrane and a turbulent flow of fluid. The excitation of the membrane is modeled by a potential flow randomly perturbed. This potential flow is modified by the displacement of the membrane. Howe [2] proposed a model for the turbulent wall pressure fluctuations power spectrum over an elastomeric material. The model presented in this article is based on a hypothesis of one-way interaction between the flow and the structure: the flow generates wall pressure fluctuations which are at the origin of the vibration of the plate, but the vibration of the plate does not modify the characteristics of the flow. A finite difference scheme that incorporates the vibration of the plate and the acoustic pressure inside the fluid cavity has been developed and coupled with a boundary element method that ensures the outside domain coupling. In this paper, we focus on the resolution of the coupled vibration/interior acoustic problem. We compare the results obtained with three numerical methods: (a) a finite difference representation for both the plate displacement and the acoustic pressure inside the cavity; (b) a coupled method involving a finite difference representation for the displacement of the plate and a boundary element method for the interior acoustic pressure; (c) a boundary element method for both the vibration of the plate and the interior acoustic pressure. A comparison of the numerical results obtained with two models of turbulent wall pressure fluctuations spectrums - the Corcos model [3] and the Chase model [4] - is proposed. A difference of 20 dB is found in the vibro-acoustic response of the structure. In [3], this difference is explained by calculating a wavenumber transfer function of the plate. In [6], coupled beam-cavity modes for similar geometry are calculated by the finite difference method. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Power transmission through double-walled laminated composite panels considering porous layer-air gap insulation

The acoustic behavior of double-walled laminated composite panels consisting of two porous and air gap middle layers is studied within the classical laminated plate theory （CLPT）. Thus, viscous and inertia coupling in a dynamic equation, as well as stress transfer, thermal and elastic coupling of porous material ave based on the Biot theory. In addition, the wave equations are extracted according to the vibration equation of composite layers. The transmission loss （TL） of the structure is then calculated by solving these equations simultaneously. Statistical energy analysis （SEA） is developed to divide the structure into specific subsystems, and power transmission is extracted with balancing power flow equations of the subsystems. Comparison between the present work and the results reported elsewhere shows excellent agreement. The results also indicate that, although favorable enhancement is seen in noise control particularly at high frequencies, the corresponding parameters associated with fluid phase and solid phase of the porous layer are important on TL according to the boundary condition interfaces. Finally, the influence of composite material and stacking sequence on power transmission is discussed.     

高速磁浮列车气动噪声分布规律研究

本文基于上海线高速磁浮列车现场噪声测试，结合数值仿真分析了磁浮列车行驶时的噪声特性以及气动噪声分布规律．数值仿真采用延时分离涡结合声比拟的方法，并对比现场测试噪声数据，给出了高速列车气动噪声特性以及噪声源分布规律．研究结果表明：列车行驶时噪声时程呈现很强脉冲性，频率小于100 Hz噪声主要来源于与高架桥梁结构振动相关的二次辐射噪声，特别是次声频段内，桥梁自振会产生显著的噪声．磁浮列车表面气动噪声分布规律与噪声频率相关，低频噪声与列车的车尾涡脱相关，高频噪声由车头边界层分离以及再附着、车身边界层流动等引起，而中频噪声主要产生于列车底部、抱轨与轨道梁表面相对运动作用．因此，高速磁浮列车除了要重点考虑车头、车尾的气动外形对气动噪声的影响外，还应考虑轨道间隙处气动噪声及其分布规律．