桨-轴-艇纵向耦合振动机理研究

桨-轴-艇结构耦合振动是影响潜艇振动和水下声辐射的重要因素。本文建立了桨-轴子系统和桨-轴-艇耦合结构的数学模型,从动力学分析角度推导了耦合结构振动与子结构各振动物理量之间的关系;通过有限元法对理论分析结果进行了验证,并研究了桨-轴-艇耦合结构水下声辐射频谱与子结构典型模态的关系。有限元数值计算结果与理论分析均表明,桨-轴-艇结构耦合振动导致原耦合结构的模态频率发生偏移,从数学的角度揭示了桨-轴-艇产生纵向耦合振动的根本原因,并给出了耦合结构水下声辐射与子结构典型模态之间的对应关系。     

基于奇异分解和自适应BEM积分算法的水下航行体机械噪声预报

提出一种改进的声学边界元法（M-BEM）用于准确计算水下航行体发动机振动引起的近场辐射噪声。分别采用奇异分解技术和自适应边界元积分算法解决了Helmholtz积分方程在求解近场声压时出现的超奇异积分和奇异积分问题。采用一脉动球源的声辐射算例对方法进行验证,数值解与精确解误差小于1．5dB。结合有限元方法并考虑流固耦合作...     

基于传递函数法的水下消声层声学性能研究

潜艇在水下潜航时,为防止敌方声呐的探测,需要采用各种主被动手段来降低自身的噪声,其中主要手段就是在潜艇外壳覆盖黏弹性消声瓦结构. 针对潜艇消声瓦结构降噪问题,考虑结构两侧的流体负载,建立了潜艇壁面水下消声覆盖层的消声理论模型. 将潜艇壁面结构简化为无曲率的无限大薄板,基于基尔霍夫(Kirchho )薄板理论和声波方程,应用传递函数法导出了消声覆盖层的声压插入损失. 利用所建理论模型进行了数值计算,讨论了不同的内侧流体介质、艇壳厚度、消声层厚度和孔腔形状对壁面结构振动与声学性能的影响. 研究发现,内侧介质为空气时,在低频段,消声层对结构振动的削弱量小于消声层加入后艇壳振动的增强量,故消声层的加入反而使壁面结构的振动增大;在高频段,覆盖消声层后壁面结构的振动明显减小. 内侧介质为水时,覆盖消声层后,壁面结构的振动在全频段均减小,且减小量随频率的增加而增加. 增大艇壳厚度及消声层厚度有利于潜艇壁面结构的减振降噪. 当消声层孔腔内径沿潜艇内侧至外侧的方向先减小再增大时,消声层在高频段减振降噪效果较佳;当孔腔内径沿潜艇内侧至外侧的方向先增大再减小时,消声层在中频段的减振降噪效果更好.      

船舶振动声学优化设计中设备运动激励的等效反演力方法

当设备振动载荷以运动激励形式给出时,常采用大质量法或直接加速度法进行结构动力响应分析。但基于这两种方法的动力学模型无法用于船舶振动模态分析以及振动声学优化设计迭代过程中的动力学重分析。本文基于动力设备内源激振力的不变性,提出等效反演力法,将设备运动激励转换为设备等效内源力载荷,用于船舶水下辐射噪声的预报以及结构声学优化设计。以某舱段为例,对比分析了不同加载方法对应的动力学模型的固有频率与水下辐射噪声声功率,实测水声声功率为92.33 dB,基于等效反演力法输入的水声声功率数值计算结果为93.84 dB,两者相差1.51 dB。研究表明,等效反演力法是在振源设备载荷以运动激励给定时计算水下辐射噪声并用于声学优化设计的优选方法。     

大型复杂圆柱壳中高频振动噪声仿真计算方法研究

建立大型复杂圆柱壳中高频振动噪声仿真计算方法,对于解决船舶和飞机等大型复杂结构的辐射噪声预报问题具有重要意义。介绍了完美匹配层流固耦合计算方法,并成功应用于大型复杂双层圆柱壳的水下辐射噪声预报,相对于传统的声学流固耦合有限元和边界元计算方法,使外部流场域模型至少缩小了11/15。探讨了环频率和阻尼对圆柱壳结构振动传递的影响,提出了求解中高频声学问题时大型圆柱壳复杂结构仿真建模处理方法。数值算例表明,发展的PML方法和模型简化方法是合理的,可应用工程问题研究。     

砂-膨润土混合屏障材料渗透性影响因素研究

建立了一个新的结构-尾流振子耦合模型. 流场近尾迹动力学特征被模化为非线性阻尼 振子,采用van der Pol方程描述. 以控制体中结构与近尾迹流体间受力互为反作 用关系来实现流固耦合. 采用该模型进行了二维结构涡激振动计算,得到了合理的 振幅随来流流速的变化规律和共振幅值,并正确地预计了共振振幅值$A_{\max}^\ast$ 随着质量阻尼参数$\left( {m^\ast + C_A } \right)\zeta $的变化规律,给出了预测$A_{\max }^\ast $值的拟合公式. 采用该模型计算了三维柔性结构在均匀来流和简谐波形来流作用下的VIV 响应. 结构在均匀来流作用下振动呈现由驻波向行波的变化过程, 并最后稳定为行波振动形态. 在简谐波形来流作用下,结构呈现混合振动形态,幅值随时间呈周期变化.     

敷去耦层有限加筋板声辐射近似解析解

本文主要研究了流体负载下敷设去耦阻尼层的加筋板,在外界激励力作用下的振动和声辐射,推导出了敷设去耦层有限长加筋板的振动响应和水下辐射噪声近似解析解。采用弹性理论来描述去耦层,并采用模态迭加理论构造响应函数,将加强筋等效为线力的作用,以复模量形式计及去耦阻尼层损耗因子,建立了敷设去耦阻尼层加筋板的理论解析模型,结合加筋板与去耦层变形连续条件、结构与流体连续性条件组成了声-流体-结构的耦合方程,结合数值计算方法,得到了有限长加筋板结构的振动位移及水下辐射噪声。开展相应数值算例与模型试验结果吻合较好,验证本文方法的正确性。     

圆柱涡激振动的结构-尾流振子耦合模型研究

建立了一个新的结构-尾流振子耦合模型. 流场近尾迹动力学特征被模化为非线性阻尼振子,采用van der Pol方程描述. 以控制体中结构与近尾迹流体间受力互为反作用关系来实现流固耦合. 采用该模型进行了二维结构涡激振动计算,得到了合理的振幅随来流流速的变化规律和共振幅值,并正确地预计了共振振幅值$A_{\max}^\ast$随着质量阻尼参数$\left( {m^\ast + C_A } \right)\zeta$的变化规律,给出了预测$A_{\max }^\ast$值的拟合公式. 采用该模型计算了三维柔性结构在均匀来流和简谐波形来流作用下的VIV响应. 结构在均匀来流作用下振动呈现由驻波向行波的变化过程, 并最后稳定为行波振动形态.在简谐波形来流作用下,结构呈现混合振动形态,幅值随时间呈周期变化.      

微细三角柱流固耦合动态特性的三维数值研究

在三维双向流固耦合计算基础上使用动网格方法,通过求解不可压缩粘性流体的N-S方程,数值研究了低速流速下(2.5m/s~15m/s)气体绕流微细三角钝体的耦合动态特性及涡激振动特性,得到了运动微细三角柱的升力系数、涡脱频率和振动振幅。观测到了微细三角柱的"锁振"和"拍"现象。接着计算了相同流场条件下的相同尺寸二维三角柱双向流固耦合涡激振动,并将结果与文献及本文中三维模型进行对比发现,三维模型的升力系数的平均幅值、涡脱频率和斯特劳哈尔数较之本文及文献中的二维数值模型较小。     

管道振动引起辐射噪声场的有限元分析

对于管束振动引起的辐射声场的分析,利用解析法较为困难．运用有限元分析法对管道耦合振动噪声进行了比较系统的分析,得到一系列有益结果,为振动噪声控制提供了理论依据．     

Numerical and experimental investigation of flow-acoustic resonance of side-by-side cylinders in a duct

The phenomenon of flow-excited acoustic resonance is a design concern in many engineering applications, especially when wakes of bluff bodies are encountered in ducts, piping systems, heat exchangers, and other confined systems. In this paper, the case of self-excited acoustic resonance of two side-by-side cylinders in a duct with cross-flow is investigated both numerically and experimentally for a single spacing ratio of T/D=2.5, where D is the diameter of the cylinders and T is the centre-to-centre distance between them. The numerical investigation is performed using a finite-volume method at a Reynolds number of 3.0×10⁴ to simulate the unsteady flow field, which is then coupled with an imposed resonant sound field of the first acoustic cross-mode of the duct calculated through the use of Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The experimental investigation has been performed using phase-locked Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) of the flow field during the occurrence of a self-excited acoustic resonance condition in the duct. The results of both methods reveal that the flow-excited acoustic resonance produces a strong oscillatory flow pattern in the cylinder wakes, with strong in-phase vortex shedding being synchronized by the acoustic resonance. The distribution and strength of the aeroacoustic sources and sinks within the flow field have been computed by means of Howe׳s theory of aerodynamic sound for both the experimental and numerical cases, with the results of the two methods comparing favourably, showing comparable trends in the oscillating flow fields, and very similar trends in the distribution of net acoustic power.     

泵喷推进器水动力及流场特性研究综述

泵喷推进器(简称泵喷)是一种多部件组合式水动力推进装置, 由导管及导管内的旋转叶栅(转子)和静止叶栅(定子)组成, 具有高临界航速、重载、高效率和低辐射噪声等特点, 最早于20世纪中叶在国外出现, 初期主要用于鱼雷推进, 后拓展到潜艇推进, 目前国外潜艇、高速鱼雷普遍采用泵喷推进, 国内外泵喷的研究和应用存在巨大差异. 近年来, 因国外技术封锁、潜艇装备发展需求和拓展泵喷应用等, 泵喷推进技术成为水下装备领域的研究热点. 泵喷各部件间流场相互作用复杂、与航行体耦合程度高, 其应用和推广需要对其水动力和流场特性的深入认识. 本文介绍了泵喷的基本构成和特点, 按方向和目的总结了泵喷的水动力和流场特性研究现状. 从水动力特性的角度, 介绍了泵喷推进器的推进特性、预报方法和水动力变化规律. 从流场特性角度, 介绍了间隙流场、转-定子干扰流场和尾流场等. 分析并总结了泵喷水动力和流场特性的研究以及实际应用中所面临的主要挑战, 提出对未来研究的展望.      

Hybrid methods for airframe noise numerical prediction

This paper describes some significant steps made towards the numerical simulation of the noise radiated by the high-lift devices of a plane. Since the full numerical simulation of such configuration is still out of reach for present supercomputers, some hybrid strategies have been developed to reduce the overall cost of such simulations. The proposed strategy relies on the coupling of an unsteady nearfield CFD with an acoustic propagation solver based on the resolution of the Euler equations for midfield propagation in an inhomogeneous field, and the use of an integral solver for farfield acoustic predictions.In the first part of this paper, this CFD/CAA coupling strategy is presented. In particular, the numerical method used in the propagation solver is detailed, and two applications of this coupling method to the numerical prediction of the aerodynamic noise of an airfoil are presented.Then, a hybrid RANS/LES method is proposed in order to perform some unsteady simulations of complex noise sources. This method allows for significant reduction of the cost of such a simulation by considerably reducing the extent of the LES zone. This method is described and some results of the numerical simulation of the three-dimensional unsteady flow in the slat cove of a high-lift profile are presented. While these results remain very difficult to validate with experiments on similar configurations, they represent up to now the first 3D computations of this kind of flow.     

Experimental investigation of a blunt trailing edge flow field with application to sound generation

The unsteady lift generated by turbulence at the trailing edge of an airfoil is a source of radiated sound. The objective of the present research was to measure the velocity field in the near wake region of an asymmetric beveled trailing edge in order to determine the flow mechanisms responsible for the generation of trailing edge noise. Two component velocity measurements were acquired using particle image velocimetry. The chord Reynolds number was 1.9 × 10⁶. The data show velocity field realizations that were typical of a wake flow containing an asymmetric periodic vortex shedding. A phase average decomposition of the velocity field with respect to this shedding process was utilized to separate the large scale turbulent motions that occurred at the vortex shedding frequency (i.e., those responsible for the production of tonal noise) from the smaller scale turbulent motions, which were interpreted to be responsible for the production of broadband sound. The small scale turbulence was found to be dependent on the phase of the vortex shedding process implying a dependence of the broadband sound generated by the trailing edge on the phase of the vortex shedding process.     

Fluid-structure-acoustic coupling for a flat plate

The present work deals with the aeroacoustic sound radiated by a forward–backward facing step in combination with a flexible wall behind the step. A numerical flow computation with coupled aeroacoustic and vibroacoustic simulation was carried out. The structural deformations of the oscillating plate like structure in the wake of the forward–backward facing step were considered to be small and therefore not affecting the flow field. The presented approach enables a separate consideration for the aeroacoustic as well as the structural borne noise. The influence of the interactions of the acoustic medium with the flexible structure on the vibroacoustic sound radiation is investigated. One-sided and two-sided coupling approaches for the vibroacoustic analysis are introduced. The two-sided vibroacoustic computation allows for considering the damping influence of the ambient fluid on the flexible plate vibration and therefore on the sound radiation. Additional to the simulations, aeroacoustic measurements in an acoustic wind tunnel were performed for validation purposes.     

Quantitative evaluation of flow-induced structural vibration and noise in turbomachinery by full-scale weakly coupled simulation

This article reports on a full-scale structural simulation of flow-induced mechanical vibrations and noise in a 5-stage centrifugal pump. An interior flow field is simulated by an LES-based CFD program, which can be found elsewhere. We developed a data-interface tool to enable mesh matching and data transfer between the fluid and structure meshes. The vibration of the pump's structure was simulated using a parallel explicit dynamic FEM code. This provided a time series of pressure fluctuations on the internal surface as force-boundary conditions. The calculated vibration of the outer surface of the structure agrees reasonably well with measured data. Using Fourier transformation, the vibration modes at blade passing frequencies (BPFs) were extracted and presented as a visual image. The simulation clarified the mechanisms of resonant noise generation and propagation, which can then be used for noise reduction. This study shows that it is feasible to use fluid–structure weakly coupled simulations to estimate the flow-induced noise generated in turbomachinery.     

仿双髻鲨头部的仿生机器鱼外型设计及其流场特性

近年来对海洋资源的开发利用成为了社会的研究热点, 推动了国内外学者关于水下航行器各方面的研究工作. 其中航行器的外形设计是研究中较为重要的一部分, 直接影响其在水中行进时所表现流体性能的优劣. 自然界中存在的各种鱼类以其阻力性能好等优点吸引了科研工作者广泛关注. 为设计流体性能较好的航行器壳体外形, 本文将目光放在了双髻鲨身上, 它的头部就像一个水中翼, 帮助其在海洋中灵活的游动. 本文以其为仿生的对象, 首先建立模型分析了3种不同双髻鲨的头部减阻效果, 选定锤头双髻鲨的生物形体特征作为壳体外形特征曲线, 并结合工程实际设计了一种仿生机器鱼外形, 应用Ansys Mosaic 技术建立三维流场结构化网格模型, 对其进行Fluent仿真. 随后与目前主流的翼型壳体外形和回转体航行器外形进行对比, 重点研究其减阻性能. 通过仿真分析得出, 与上述两种常见的水下航行器相比, 仿双髻鲨模型在定常流场中表现出更优秀的流体性能. 本文还探究仿双髻鲨模型周围流场的特性, 对于减少航行器对周围流场干扰方面和改善航行器隐蔽性方面的研究有一定的指导意义, 同时也为水下航行器的设计提供新的方向.