多尺度法二义性的一种解释

多尺度法是为解决含小参数系统发展起来的应用最广泛的摄动法之一. 在求解高阶近 似方程时，多尺度法一般只求特解. 用多尺度法求解van der Pol 方程的三阶解时 将出现矛盾. 以van der Pol方程为例，证明了忽略一阶修正量中的一阶谐波 项使得混合偏导数不能交换顺序，从而导致了多尺度法的二义性和另一个数学矛盾. 在求解一阶修正量时采用含有一阶谐波项的全解，消除了二义性和该矛盾. 该 方法所求得的近似解与数值解进行了比较，结果非常吻合，验证了其合理性.     

悬索的多重内共振研究

本文对谐波激励的悬索的非线性响应进行了研究,同时考虑了如下问题(1):面内第三阶对称模态的主共振:(2):面内第一阶、第三阶对称模态和面外第五阶模态之间的内共振.本方首先针对考虑大变形的悬索动力学方程,由线性理论求得各阶频率,考察可能出现的内共振.然后利用直接法对悬索的运动学方程和边界条件进行非线性求解.由多尺度法得到系统的平均方程和悬索响应的二阶近似解.随后利用Newton-Raphson 方法和弧长法对特定张拉索进行数值仿真计算,得到面内第一阶对称模态、面内第三阶对称模态和面外第五阶模态的稳态解,并分析了解的稳定性.绘制幅频响应曲线,发现了关于悬索响应的多种分叉现象,并且对各种分叉现象周期解、混沌解进行了讨论.     

求解脉动速度关联函数的新方法及其在平面湍尾流中的应用

将周培源给出的平面湍尾流的一级近似解作为已知量,代入湍流脉动速度方程中,在微尺度范围内,采用谱方法对该方程进行数值求解,得到了和实验结果符合的二阶、三阶、四阶脉动速度关联函数的计算结果。     

基于MUSTA格式的全非线性Boussinesq波浪传播数值模型

建立了求解二维全非线性布氏（Boussinesq）水波方程的有限差分/有限体积混合数值格式. 针对守恒形式的控制方程,采用有限体积方法并结合 MUSTA格式计算数值通量, 剩余项则采用有限差分方法求解, 采用具有总变差减小（totalvariation diminishing, TVD）性质的三阶龙格-库塔法进行时间积分.该格式具备间断捕捉、程序实现简单、数值稳定性强、海岸动边界以及波浪破碎处理方便和可调参数少等优点.利用典型算例对数值模型进行了验证,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好.      

数值求解Navier—Stokes方程的迎风紧致差分格式

从迎风紧致逼近^[1]出发,提出数值求解可压Navier-Stokes方程的一种高精度的数值方法。利用Steger-Warming的通量分裂技术^[2]将守恒型方程中的流通向量分裂成两部分,在此基础上据风向构造逼近于无粘项的三阶迎风紧致有限差分格式。对方程中的粘性部分采用通常的二阶差分逼近。所建立的差分格式被用来数值求解了三维粘性绕流问题。     

A FULLY NONLINEAR BOUSSINESQ MODELFOR WAVE PROPAGATION BASED ON MUSTA SCHEME

建立了求解二维全非线性布氏（Boussinesq）水波方程的有限差分/有限体积混合数值格式. 针对守恒形式的控制方程,采用有限体积方法并结合 MUSTA格式计算数值通量, 剩余项则采用有限差分方法求解, 采用具有总变差减小（totalvariation diminishing, TVD）性质的三阶龙格-库塔法进行时间积分.该格式具备间断捕捉、程序实现简单、数值稳定性强、海岸动边界以及波浪破碎处理方便和可调参数少等优点.利用典型算例对数值模型进行了验证,计算结果与实验数据吻合较好.     

横向磁场中导电壳体的亚谐波共振与稳定性

研究了磁场环境中受机械载荷作用圆柱壳体的三阶亚谐波共振问题.在给出横向磁场和机械动载共同作用下导电圆柱薄壳的振动方程基础上,应用伽辽金积分法,并进行无量纲化处理,导出了相应的非线性振动微分方程.应用多尺度法对三阶亚谐波共振问题进行求解,得到了稳态运动下的幅频响应方程及共振解的存在域和稳定性条件.通过算例,给出了共振非平凡解的存在域以及反映振幅与各参数关系的曲线图,讨论了电磁与机械参量对壳体振动的影响.     

一种三阶有限体积法及其在欠膨胀射流激波结构数值模拟中的应用

以喷管出口欠膨胀射流为研究对象,在Lagrange坐标系下建立欠膨胀射流二维积分形式的流动方程。通过在单元交接面处进行三阶ENO(essentially nonoscillatory)格式插值,构造得到一种适用于求解该方程的三阶ENO有限体积法。采用该格式对一维Sod激波管算例和喷管出口欠膨胀射流进行数值计算。计算结果表明,该方法具有高精度、基本无振荡的特点,能很好地捕捉包含激波、滑移线以及三波交点等复杂流场波系结构。计算得到的波系结构中马赫盘的位置与实验结果吻合很好,相对误差小于1.1%。     

轴向运动正交各向异性板的超谐波共振及稳定性

研究了轴向运动正交各向异性条形薄板在线载荷作用下的超谐波共振问题。通过哈密顿原理导出了几何非线性下正交各向异性条形板的非线性振动方程。运用伽辽金积分法,推得了关于时间变量的量纲归一化非线性振动微分方程组。应用多尺度法求解三阶超谐波共振问题,得到了稳态运动下一阶、二阶、三阶共振形式的共振幅值响应方程。利用Liapunov方法推得不同共振形式稳态解的稳定性判据,并据此分析不同参数对系统稳定性的影响。绘制了振幅特性变化曲线图和与之对应的激发共振多解临界点曲线图,分析系统参数对共振的影响,并预测系统进入非线性共振区域的临界条件。得出激励在特定位置区间时可激发系统的超谐波共振,随着激励幅值的增加,上稳定解支减小,下稳定解支增加,且一阶模态振幅大于二阶、三阶振幅。     

基于S-A湍流模型的Runge-Kutta有限元算法

采用一方程S-A模型(Spalart-Allmaras模型)封闭雷诺时均N-S方程(RANS方程)进行湍流数值计算,可以减少方程求解数量,节约计算时间。本文对其进行了有限元数值算法研究,首先通过沿流线坐标变换,得到无对流项RANS方程,并引入三阶Runge-Kutta法对其进行时间离散;然后利用沿流线的Taylor展开解决坐标变换带来的网格更新的困难;最后采用Galerkin法进行空间离散,得到湍流模型的有限元算法。基于方柱绕流和覆冰输电线绕流模型,与试验结果进行对比,验证了该算法的有效性,与一阶数值算法相比,该算法在精度和收敛性方面更具优势。     

一类指数矩阵函数及其应用

研究了一阶常微分方程组特解的精细积分方法. 针对非齐次项为多项式、指数函数以及二者的乘积的情况,在Duhamel积分形式特解的基础上,引入了一类指数矩阵函数. 通过该类函数的线性组合即可表达出非齐次方程的特解. 建立了该类指数矩阵函数的一种高效递推算法,并在此基础上实现了特解的精细积分. 由于特解的积分过程能充分利用通解精细积分过程的中间量,因此两个精细积分过程能有机地结合起来,形成了一种高效、统一的广义精细积分法. 对上述递推算法做了进一步优化,并给出了通用的计算公式.算例结果证明了该方法的有效性.      

The simple layer potential method of fundamental solutions for certain biharmonic problems

A novel formulation of the method of fundamental solutions for the numerical solution of plane biharmonic problems, based on the simple layer potential representation of Fichera, is presented. The applicability and accuracy of the method are demonstrated by examining its performance on a set of practical problems arising in Stokes fluid flow.     

Rayleigh waves in orthotropic fluid-saturated porous media

In this paper, we are interested in the propagation of Rayleigh waves in orthotropic fluid-saturated porous media. This problem was investigated by Liu and Liu (2004). The authors have derived the secular equation of the wave but that secular equation is still in implicit form. The main aim of this paper is to derive explicit secular equation of the wave. By employing the method of polarization vector, the secular equations of Rayleigh waves in explicit form is obtained. This equation recovers the dispersion equation of Rayleigh waves propagating in pure orthotropic elastic half-spaces. Remarkably, the secular equation obtained is not a complex equation as the one derived by Liu and Liu, it is a really real equation.     

Numerical modelling of wind flow over buildings in two dimensions

Numerical solutions to the Navier–Stokes equation may provide designers with predictions of the wind environment of buildings under design. To investigate this possibility, two complementary solution procedures are implemented for two-dimensional geometry: a random vortex method to depict the flow evolution, and a control volume method to depict the steady flow field. These are both illustrated by specific application to the case of a building form with a roof of arbitrary pitch.     

An efficient matrix solver for finite-element analysis of non-Newtonian fluid flow problems

When the Galerkin finite-element method with a nine-node isoparametric Lagrangian element is applied to solve non-Newtonian fluid flow problems, a considerable amount of computing time is required to solve the discretized non-linear system of equations by Newton's method. A method proposed by Broyden has been modified to compute the Jacobian matrix associated with Newton's method. This modified Broyden's method can be combined with the frontal method to efficiently solve the linearized finite-element equations during the iteration. Numerical results of a sample problem concerning the determination of the pressure-drop/flow-rate relationship for power-law fluids in rectangular ducts show that the application of this new method can reduce computing time substantially.     

A boundary integral equation method for Navier-Stokes equations—application to flow in annulus of eccentric cylinders

A novel Navier-Stokes solver based on the boundary integral equation method is presented. The solver can be used to obtain flow solutions in arbitrary 2D geometries with modest computational effort. The vorticity transport equation is modelled as a modified Helmholtz equation with the wave number dependent on the flow Reynolds number. The non-linear inertial terms partly manifest themselves as volume vorticity sources which are computed iteratively by tracking flow trajectories. The integral equation representations of the Helmholtz equation for vorticity and Poisson equation for streamfunction are solved directly for the unknown vorticity boundary conditions. Rapid computation of the flow and vorticity field in the volume at each iteration level is achieved by precomputing the influence coefficient matrices. The pressure field can be extracted from the converged streamfunction and vorticity fields. The solver is validated by considering flow in a converging channel (Hamel flow). The solver is then applied to flow in the annulus of eccentric cylinders. Results are presented for various Reynolds numbers and compared with the literature.     

UNIQUENESS OF SOLUTION OF FIELD POINT OF SINGULAR SOURCE OUTSIDE-REGION-DISTRIBUTION METHOD

IntroductionAmethod,inwhichaproblemissolvedbysingularsource(s)outside-region-distribution(s),wheretheboundaryconditionoftheproblemissatisfied,iscalled"SingularSourceOutside-Region-DistributionMethod"(SSORDM).Usnallynon-singularintegralequationisobtainedbysingularsource(s)outSide-region-distribunonconhnuously.Asanearlyuse,singUlarsourcedistribuhoncanbefoundinthemethodofsource-sinkdistributioninfluidmechanicsasisstatedin[I],however,noproblemwasreducedtoanintegralequationatthattime.Asforsol…     

Development and application of an adaptive finite element method to reaction-diffusion equations

An adaptive finite element method is developed and applied to study the ozone decomposition laminar flame. The method uses a semidiscrete, linear Galerkin approximation in which the size of the elements is controlled by an integral which minimizes the changes in mesh spacing. The sizes and locations of the elements are controlled by the location and magnitude of the largest temperature gradient. The numerical results obtained with this adaptive finite element method are compared with those obtained using fixed-node finite-difference schemes and an adaptive finite-difference method. It is shown that the adaptive finite element method developed here using 36 elements can yield as accurate flame speeds as fourth-order accurate, fixed-node, finite-difference methods when 272 collocation points are employed in the calculations.     

Solving the nonlinear periodic wave problems with the Homotopy Analysis Method

An analytic technique, namely the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM), is applied to solve the nonlinear mKdV equation. Solutions for periodic waves are given and compared with the exact ones, which shows the validity of the HAM for the nonlinear periodic wave problems.     

Bifurcation boundary analysis as a nonlinear damage detection feature: does it work?

Many systems in engineering and science are inherently nonlinear and require damage detection. For such systems, nonlinear damage detection methods may be useful. A bifurcation boundary analysis method as a new nonlinear damage detection tool was previously introduced in the literature to track bifurcation boundary changes due to damages over a small region of an aeroelastic panel model. Results of this method based upon a finite difference solution showed higher sensitivities to the small amount of damage than methods based upon linear models. In this paper, four methods including Finite Difference, Finite Element (FEM), Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin Approach are used to further investigate the sensitivity of the bifurcation boundary for damage detection. Results of the FEM and Rayleigh-Ritz method agree with each other and also show that the sensitivity of the bifurcation boundary to damage is much less than what previously reported when using a finite difference solution method.