衰变热源作用下饱和多孔介质热固结问题的扩展精细积分法

热源作用下饱和多孔介质热固结效应是土木及能源工程领域的一个重要课题.由于问题的复杂性,已有的研究大多将介质假定为均匀各向同性,且将热源假定为恒定强度.实际工程中,天然饱和多孔介质常表现出明显的分层特性,热源强度也存在衰变性,为此本工作采用扩展精细积分法对衰变热源作用下层状饱和多孔介质的热固结问题进行研究.借助于积分变换,将饱和多孔介质热固结问题的偏微分方程转化为变换域内的常微分方程;然后对饱和多孔介质微层元进行合并消元,并结合边界条件,推导出衰变热源作用下层状饱和多孔介质热固结问题在积分变换域内的扩展精细积分解;对所得解答进行相应的数值积分逆变换,可获得所求温度、超静孔压及竖向位移在物理域内的解答.基于上述求解过程,编制相应的计算程序进行数值计算,通过与已有文献对比,验证本文扩展精细积分法在求解层状饱和多孔介质热固结问题中的适应性和正确性;最后通过几组算例,分析热源衰变周期、热源埋深及介质的成层性对热固结效应的影响.结果表明:热源衰变周期对温度和超静孔压的峰值、以及达到峰值的时间均有明显影响,衰变周期越长,二者峰值均越大,且达到峰值所需时间越长;热源埋深对超静孔压及竖向位移变化影响显著,深埋热源作用时热源两侧竖向位移呈对称分布,而浅埋热源两侧则无此现象;饱和多孔介质的分层特性对热固结效应影响明显.     

两平行圆柱热源作用下饱和土体热固结解析解

基于应力平衡条件、渗流连续方程、能量守恒方程,考虑土颗粒和孔隙水热膨胀系数的不同,建立考虑热水力耦合的饱和土体三维热固结控制方程。利用傅里叶变换和拉普拉斯变换导出变换域上的控制方程,解得点热源在变换域和实数域上的解析解,再利用区域积分给出两平行圆柱形热源热固结土体温度、孔压、位移的解析解,并对其进行分析,发现径距比增大会导致两热源温度相互影响程度减弱,热固结系数减小会导致孔压和位移的峰值增大。     

ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF THERMAL CONSOLIDATION OF SATURATED SOILS WITH TWO PARALLEL CYLINDRICAL HEAT SOURCES1）

基于应力平衡条件、渗流连续方程、能量守恒方程,考虑土颗粒和孔隙水热膨胀系数的不同,建立考虑热水力耦合的饱和土体三维热固结控制方程。利用傅里叶变换和拉普拉斯变换导出变换域上的控制方程,解得点热源在变换域和实数域上的解析解,再利用区域积分给出两平行圆柱形热源热固结土体温度、孔压、位移的解析解,并对其进行分析,发现径距比增大会导致两热源温度相互影响程度减弱,热固结系数减小会导致孔压和位移的峰值增大。     

考虑热渗效应的有限热源固结近似解

通过建立考虑热渗效应和热流固耦合效应的饱和土体固结方程,研究了无限长圆柱热固结问题.利用Fourier和Laplace变换及其逆变换,给出了热固结问题的解析解;然后对空间内无限长圆柱形热源问题进行研究,得到非等温条件下柱体周围饱和土体温度、孔隙水压力的近似解,并总结其规律,分析了热渗系数、固结系数对温度作用下土体固结的影响.     

饱和多孔介质的热固结理论

本文严格地从混合物理论出发,详细地推导出了描述饱和多孔介质在热合固结耦合作用下性状的方程.作研究的混合物为温度单一和可混溶体,固液两相均为热弹性线性状态,且没有化学因索鑫与.本文的结果为研究热固结问题提供了理性基础和实用性方程.本文还对耦合效应、组分的可压缩性以及有效应力等概念进行了讨论,得出了一些有意义的结论.做为应用实例,本文还指出热固结问题的一般解法,并给出球对称加热情形的解析解答.     

考虑热渗效应的有限热源固结近似解1）

通过建立考虑热渗效应和热流固耦合效应的饱和土体固结方程,研究了无限长圆柱热固结问题. 利用Fourier 和Laplace 变换及其逆变换,给出了热固结问题的解析解;然后对空间内无限长圆柱形热源问题进行研究,得到非等温条件下柱体周围饱和土体温度、孔隙水压力的近似解,并总结其规律,分析了热渗系数、固结系数对温度作用下土体固结的影响.     

一维流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质层的动力响应

本文研究了不可压流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质层的一维动力响应问题。基于粘弹性理论和多孔介质理论,在流相和固相微观不可压、固相骨架服从粘弹性积分型本构关系和小变形的假定下,建立了不可压流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质层一维动力响应的数学模型,利用Laplace变换,求得了原初边值问题在变换空间中的解析解,并利用Laplace逆变换的Crump数值反演方法,得到原动力响应问题的数值解。数值研究了饱和标准线性粘弹性多孔介质层的动力响应,分析了固相位移、渗流速度、孔隙压力及固相有效应力等的响应特征。结果表明,与不可压流体饱和弹性多孔介质相同,不可压流体饱和粘弹性多孔介质中亦只存在一个纵波,并且固相骨架的粘性对动力行为有显著的影响。     

荷载作用下多孔饱和地基的热-水-力耦合动力响应分析

基于广义热弹性理论,结合达西定律,对Biot波动方程进行修正,研究了一个受到荷载作用的多孔饱和地基的热-水-力多场耦合动态响应问题。建立了多孔饱和地基在荷载作用下的热-水-力耦合模型及控制方程,该模型可退化为热弹性耦合模型。采用正则模态法求解,得到了问题的解析解,讨论了热-水-力耦合模型和热弹性耦合模型的区别,分析了荷载频率变化对地基中各物理量的影响。最终给出了无量纲的竖向位移、超孔隙水压力、竖向应力和温度等物理量的分布规律。     

多孔介质平板通道强迫对流中热局部非平衡时的热应力

根据微观不可压饱和多孔介质热-力-流相互作用的一般理论,在固相骨架小变形的假定下,考虑固相和流相相互作用的粘性耗散,研究了多孔介质平板通道强迫对流热局部非平衡的热应力问题.建立了问题的热-力数学模型,根据饱和多孔介质的平衡方程,在固相骨架只存在横向位移的假定下,求解了固相骨架的位移和相应的热应力,数值考察了各种物性参数对热应力分布的影响,讨论了热局部平衡模型的适用性.     

非局部广义热弹性理论下半导体微结构中波的反射研究

论文基于非局部热弹性理论,研究了纳米半导体介质中波的反射问题。首先建立了在耦合的非局部弹性理论,波型热传导理论和等离子扩散理论下问题的控制方程;然后运用谐波法,得到耗散方程的解以及反射系数率的解析表达式;最后通过数值计算给出了硅纳米结构中相速度、群速度随非局部参数的变化,讨论了非局部参数、热电耦合参数以及热弹性耦合参数对反射系数率的影响。     

Law of nonlinear flow in saturated clays and radial consolidation

It was derived that micro-scale amount level of average pore radius of clay changed from 0.01 to 0.1 micron by an equivalent concept of flow in porous media.There is good agreement between the derived results and test ones.Results of experiments show that flow in micro-scale pore of saturated clays follows law of nonlinear flow.Theoretical analyses demonstrate that an interaction of solid-liquid interfaces varies inversely with permeability or porous radius.The interaction is an important reason why nonlinear flow in saturated clays occurs.An exact mathematical model was presented for nonlinear flow in micro-scaie pore of saturated clays.Dimension and physical meanings of parameters of it are definite.A new law of nonlinear flow in saturated clays was established.It can describe characteristics of flow curve of the whole process of the nonlinear flow from low hydraulic gradient to high one.Darcy law is a special case of the new law.A math- ematical model was presented for consolidation of nonlinear flow in radius direction in saturated clays with constant rate based on the new law of nonlinear flow.Equations of average mass conservation and moving boundary,and formula of excess pore pressure distribution and average degree of consolidation for nonlinear flow in saturated clay were derived by using an idea of viscous boundary layer,a method of steady state in stead of transient state and a method of integral of an equation.Laws of excess pore pressure distribution and changes of average degree of consolidation with time were obtained.Re- suits show that velocity of moving boundary decreases because of the nonlinear flow in saturated clay.The results can provide geology engineering and geotechnical engineering of saturated clay with new scientific bases.Calculations of average degree of consolidation of the Darcy flow are a special case of that of the nonlinear flow.     

BIOT’S CONSOLIDATION ANALYSIS FOR CYLINDRICAL SOIL-SAMPLE BASED ON HANSBO’S FLOW1)

诸多黏性土渗流试验表明,在低水力梯度下渗流会出现明显偏离Darcy定律的现象. 为了分析渗流的非Darcy特性对固结过程 的影响,引入Hansbo渗流方程描述圆柱土样内的渗流,重新推导轴对称条件下的Biot固结方程,并给出方程的Crank--Nicolson有限 差分格式. 通过与Darcy渗流条件下轴对称Biot固结方程解析解的对比,验证计算方法的有效性. 然后分析Hansbo模型参数对圆柱 土样固结过程的影响. 计算结果表明：与Darcy渗流相比,Hansbo渗流会延缓圆柱土样的固结过程. 随着Hansbo渗流参数m或I¹的增大,在固结前期,Mandel--Cryer效应会更加显著,即孔隙水压力峰值将提高,且达到该峰值的时间 会延迟;在固结中后期,孔压消散滞后的现象也更加明显. 不过,Hansbo渗流对位移的影响很小.     

A RHEOLOGICAL CONSOLIDATION MODEL FOR SOFT CLAY WITH CONSIDERATION OF TEMPERATURE AND THE ANALYTICAL

基于四元件流变模型,考虑温度影响,建立了宁波软黏土流变固结模型,并利用拉普拉斯变换得到瞬时加载条件下的考虑温度 影响的饱和软黏土流变固结解析解;利用不同温度下软黏土的流变固结试验结果,拟合获得了四元件流变模型参数,进行编程得到理论值, 并与试验值进行对比. 结果表明：该模型能较好反映宁波软黏土流变固结特性,计算结果与试验结果较为吻合.温度的升高导致渗透系数增大,在相同的时间内孔压消散 越快, 固结 越快.     

Thermal Responses of Saturated Silty Clay During Repeated Heating–Cooling Processes

The thermal responses of the saturated silty clay to repeated heating–cooling are studied in laboratory. Results show that the pore pressure induced by undrained heating increases with increasing temperature, but the peak pore pressure appears a degradation trend with increasing temperature cycles. During the consolidation process at an elevated temperature, the specimen contracts due to the dissipation of the pore pressure; however, the thermally induced pore pressure is under no conditions fully dissipated to zero, therefore, there always exists a residual pore pressure in the specimens once a thermal loading higher than the ambient temperature is applied. During the undrained cooling, pore pressure continues to decline and eventually falls below zero. During the isothermal consolidation at the original temperature, the specimen begins to expand due to water absorption caused by the negative pore pressure, and eventually reaches a steady value. In addition, the consolidation volumetric strain generated during the drainage process at 50°C is greater than that during the water absorption process at 25°C, the difference seems to be most obvious for the first three cycles, and begins to diminish gradually thereafter.     

Elastic behavior of saturated porous materials under undrained freezing

The elastic behavior of saturated porous materi- als under undrained freezing is investigated by using a poro- mechanical approach. Thermodynamic equilibria are used to describe the crystallization process of the partially frozen solution in bulk state and confined state in pores. By phase transition at freezing, fusion energy, thermal contraction of solid, solution and ice crystals, volume changes of crystallization build up remarkable pore pressure that induces expansion or shrinkage of solid matrix. Owing to the lower chemical potential when pore water mixes with salts, fewer ice forms in pores. Penetration of ice into the porous materials increases the capillary pressure, but limits effect on the pore liquid pressure and the strain of solid matrix. On the contrary, the pore pressure induced by solution density rises as salt concentration increases and causes significant shrinkage of solid matrix.     

岩土介质非稳态热固结耦合问题的热源函数法

考虑耦合效应的饱和土体热固结问题控制方程,利用Fourier变换、Laplace变换给出其在变换域上的解,将初始温度场分布视为虚拟的热源或者将热源等价为特定的初始温度分布,利用热源函数法给出瞬时线热源非稳态温度场、应力场和位移场的解析求解方法,通过在时间域和空间域上进行积分,给出有初始温度场分布以及有分布内热源存在且热源强度随时间变化条件下的热固结问题计算方法。对一无限大物体内存在有平面矩形域热源情况下周围介质的温度、孔隙水压力以及位移等的变化特征进行分析。研究表明,热源函数法可有效地求解一系列复杂情况下的热固结问题。     

Chemo-Mechanical Consolidation of Clays: Analytical Solutions for a Linearized One-Dimensional Problem

Consolidation (and swelling) of clayey soils caused by change in chemistry of pore fluid is addressed. Such phenomena are caused by changes in the concentration of various species in the solution and result primarily from a stress-independent deformation of individual clusters, and from a mechanical weakening or strengthening of the clay solid matrix in the presence of stress. Second, transport of chemicals that involves concentration gradients induces additional driving forces of osmotic consolidation due to semipermeable membrane nature of clay. In this paper an extension of Terzaghi's model of the mechanical consolidation to incorporate chemical loading of soil is proposed. A linearized model is used to solve analytically two one-dimensional problems of consolidation of a homogeneous layer simulating a landfill liner with drained or undrained boundaries. The numerical results show a strong dependence of distribution of pore pressure on the chemical load and chemically induced settlements of soil to be comparable to the mechanical ones.