含埋藏椭圆形裂纹金属构件电磁热止裂时热应力场分析

对带有椭圆埋藏裂纹金属构件在脉冲放电瞬间的热应力场进行了理论分析。在热应力场的求解中,利用了热传导和非定常热应力理论,由求解的热应力场公式发现：在脉冲放电瞬间,电磁热在裂纹尖端形成热压应力场,热压力场可有效地抑制裂纹的扩展。以Cr12MoV模具钢中埋藏椭圆裂纹止裂为例,具体计算了脉冲放电瞬间的热应力场分布情况,为空间裂纹电磁热止裂技术的实际应用提供了理论基础。     

GCr15凹模环形裂纹电磁热局部跨越止裂的模拟研究

裂纹止裂技术是当前工业生产和实际应用中急需解决的关键问题;利用电磁热效应对带有裂纹的金属构件进行止裂,是达到延长工作寿命、提高安全性可靠性的一种行之有效的方法;本文采用有限元方法研究了带有半埋藏环形裂纹的轴对称GCr15凹模电磁热局部跨越止裂;建立了超强脉冲电流放电瞬间,环形裂纹尖端附近电场、温度场和热应力场的耦合关系。数值模拟分成热-电耦合(焦耳热问题)和热-机械耦合两个过程来实现,通过数值解析轴对称模型,给出了脉冲放电瞬间GCr15凹模中的电流-温度-热应力的求解过程,得到了脉冲放电瞬间半埋藏环形裂纹局部跨越止裂时凹模的温度场和热应力场。数值模拟研究结果表明:由于热集中效应,在放电瞬间裂纹尖端金属熔化,并形成局部堆焊,阻止了干线裂纹源的开裂,达到了止裂的目的。     

二维位错裂纹的稳定性分析

在已有的一维穿透位错裂纹模型及能量计算的基础上，将其推广为二维椭圆盘状裂纹模型，并计算了其能量．根据能量平衡原理，给出了位错裂纹模型的裂纹平衡尺寸、裂纹扩展临界应力．并与不考虑位错影响的宏观断裂力学中Ⅰ型穿透裂纹的Ｇｒｉｆｉｔｈ解及椭圆盘裂纹的Ｇｒｉｆｉｔｈ解加以比较．给出的位错裂纹模型解在位错数目ｎ＝０时与宏观断裂力学解一致     

Nanoscale rotational deformation effect on dislocation emission from an elliptically blunted crack tip in nanocrystalline materials

A grain size-dependent model is theoretically established to describe the effect of a special physical micromechanism of plastic flow on the dislocation emission from an elliptical blunt crack tip in nanocrystalline solids. The micromechanism represents the fast nanoscale rotational deformation (NRD) occurring through collective events of ideal nanoscale shear near crack tips, which as a stress source is approximately equivalent to a quadrupole of wedge disclinations. By the complex variable method, the grain size-dependent criterion for the dislocation emission from an elliptical blunt crack tip is derived. The influence of the grain size and the features of NRD on the critical stress intensity factors for dislocation emission is evaluated. The results indicate that NRD releases the high stresses near the crack tip region and thereby enhances the critical stress intensity factor for dislocation emission. The NRD has great influence on the most probable angle for dislocation emission. The critical stress intensity factor will increase with the increment of the grain size, which means the emission of the dislocation becomes more difficult for larger grain size due to the effect of NRD.     

带有中间裂纹载流薄板放电瞬间耦合场的数值模拟

应用耦合场理论采用数值分析的方法计算了具有中间裂纹的导电薄板在放电瞬间裂纹端区域附近的温度场、温度梯度场的分布状态。计算结果表明：由于电流产生的焦耳热源的作用，裂纹尖端处温度瞬时急剧升高，能够在很小的范围内熔化形成微小的口，裂纹前缘的曲率半径增加了几个数量级，显著地减少了应力集中，阻止了干线裂纹源的形成，有效地遏制了裂纹的扩展，数值模拟采用了热－电耦合的分析方法，考虑了材料电阻随温度变化和电流流过生成的内热源间的相互作用，同时考虑了导热系数和比热随温度变化所产生的影响，对于具有中间裂纹的载流反，根据结构、材质、边界条件及通电电流的对称性，计算得到了两个裂纹尖端完全对称的结果。     

带有半埋藏空间裂纹的Cr12构件电磁热止裂分析

对带有半埋藏环形裂纹的Cr12标准拉伸试件进行了电磁热止裂研究.通过ZL-2型放电装置实现了半埋藏空间裂纹的止裂实验,采用微机控制电子万能试验机完成了止裂前后试件拉伸性能测试,同时计算了电磁热止裂前后应力强度因子的变化;建立了超强脉冲电流放电瞬间,环形裂纹尖端附近电流绕流、温度场和热应力场的数值分析模型,通过热-电耦合和热-机械耦合两个过程得到了脉冲放电瞬间拉伸试件中的电流矢量场、温度场和热应力场.研究表明:脉冲电流放电瞬间,围绕裂纹尖端金属熔化,钝化了裂尖,并围绕裂尖形成了热压应力场,得到了超细化的金属组织,止裂后抗拉强度得到了提高,达到了止裂的目的.     

单边裂纹通电瞬间裂尖处应力场的复变函数解

本文应用复变函数中的Schwarz-Christoffel变换方法，在具单边裂纹的导电薄板通电瞬间温度场复变函数解的基础上，推导出用复变函数表示的应力场的表达式，并且给出算例，通过理论计算得知；当对具有单边裂纹的导电薄板通入适当密度的电流时，裂尖处温度急剧升高并熔化便裂尖变钝。同时，在裂尖周围形成了有利于遏制裂纹扩展的压应力场，有效地防止了裂纹沿其主方向和其它方向延伸。从理论上证明了电磁热效应在裂尖处产生高温形成焊口的同时，压应力场的形成是遏制裂纹扩展的主要因素之一。理论计算结果与实验结果比较吻合，为这一止裂方法的应用打下了理论基础。     

Solution of a flat elliptical crack in an electrostrictive solid

Based on the assumption that the elastic strain of electrostrictive materials is a higher-order small quantity, this paper studies the 3D problem of an infinite electrostrictive solid with a flat elliptical crack which is electrically permeable. According to existing solutions of similar problems in pure elastic materials, with the displacement function method, we first derived explicit expression for displacement potential function and obtained stress field near the crack and open displacement of crack surface. Then, the general solution for the stress intensity factor was derived, and the corresponding solutions were also presented for a penny-shaped crack and a permeable line-crack as two special cases of the present problem. Finally, numerical results were given to discuss the effect of environment at infinity and electric field inside the crack on the stress-intensity factors.     

利用焦耳效应提高含裂纹金属构件抗裂性能问题的研究

设一无限大金属薄板中含有一个线裂纹,对金属板施加恒定的电流场,在两个裂尖处产生的热量远远大于其余地方产生的热量,可简化成两个点热源．经求解得到了问题的解析解,包括裂纹尖端附近区域温度、应力、应变、应变能密度因子的解析表达式．计算结果表明,裂纹尖端处的材料发生熔化而形成一个焊点,裂纹尖端明显纯化,可抑制裂纹的进一步扩展,提高含裂纹金属构件的抗裂性能．     

THERMAL STRESS FIELD WHEN CRACK ARREST IN AN AXIAL SYMMETRY METAL DIE USING ELECTROMAGNETIC HEATING

In order to solve the thermal stress field around crack tip in metal die when crack prevention using electromagnetic heating, a metal die with a half-embedded round crack was selected as the study object. The complex function method was used as a basis for the theoretical model of the space crack prevention in metal dies using electromagnetic heating. The crack arrest was accomplished by a pulse current discharge through the inner and outer. The theoretical analysis results show that the temperature around the crack tip rises instantly above the melting point of the metal. Small welded joints are formed at a small sphere near the crack tip inside the metal die by metal melting as a result of the heat concentration effect when the current pulse discharged. The thermal compressive stress field appears around the crack tip at the moment. The research results show that the crack prevention using electromagnetic heating can decrease the stress concentration and forms a compressive stress area around the crack tip, and also prevents the main crack from propagating further, and the goal of crack preventing can be reached.     

陶瓷基复合材料基体唇形裂纹失效规律研究

建立横向拉伸载荷下的唇形裂纹数学模型,采用复变函数的方法,通过保角映射,推导了唇形裂纹尖端应力场和位移场的解析解,建立了唇形裂纹的应力强度因子准则和最大能量释放率准则,结合算例分析陶瓷基复合材料基体唇形裂纹的几何参数、外载荷和纤维分布对失效准则的影响规律.结果 表明,(1)裂纹尖端应力场和位移场的解析解与有限元计算结果进行对比,验证了方法的有效性;(2)相较于Griffith裂纹和椭圆裂纹,基于唇形裂纹的失效准则对裂纹尖端的敏感性更高,适用于预测脆性陶瓷基体裂纹的扩展;(3)对于不同几何参数的唇形裂纹,采用最大能量释放率准则的基体裂纹的扩展速率要大于应力强度因子准则.     

Stress field near interface crack tip of double dissimilar orthotropic composite materials

In this paper, double dissimilar orthotropic composite materials interfacial crack is studied by constructing new stress functions and employing the method of composite material complex. When the characteristic equations＇ discriminants △1 〉 0 and △2 〉0, the theoretical formula of the stress field and the displacement field near the mode I interface crack tip are derived, indicating that there is no oscillation and interembedding between the interfaces of the crack.     

夹杂对两相材料界面裂纹的影响

根据界面上应力和位移的连续条件,得到了单向拉伸状态下,含有椭圆夹杂的无限大双材料组合板的复势解。进一步通过求解Hilbert问题,得到了含有夹杂和半无限界面裂纹的无限大板的应力场,并由此给出了裂尖的应力强度因子K。计算了夹杂的形状、夹杂的位置、夹杂的材料选取以及上、下半平面材料与夹杂材料的不同组合对裂尖应力强度的影响。计算结果表明夹杂到裂尖的距离和夹杂材料的性质对K影响较大,对于不同材料组合,该影响有较大差异。夹杂距裂尖较近时,会对K产生明显屏蔽作用,随着夹杂远离裂尖,对K的影响也逐渐减小。另外,软夹杂对K有屏蔽作用,硬夹杂对K有反屏蔽作用,而夹杂形状对K几乎没有影响。     

Stress State of a Transversely Isotropic Ferromagnetic with an Elliptic Crack in a Homogeneous Magnetic Field

The magnetoelastic stress-strain problem for a transversely isotropic ferromagnetic body with an elliptical crack in the isotropy plane is solved explicitly. The body is in an external magnetic field perpendicular to the isotropy plane. The magnetic field induces elastic strains and an internal magnetic field in the body. The main characteristics of stress-strain state and induced magnetic field are determined and their features in the neighborhood of the crack are analyzed. Formulas for the stress intensity factors of the mechanical and magnetic fields near the crack tip are presented__________Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 41, No. 1, pp. 48–59, January 2005.     

Magnetoelastic fracture of soft ferromagnetic materials

Effects of magnetic field on fracture toughness of soft ferromagnetic materials were studied using experimental techniques and theoretical models. The manganese–zinc ferrite with a single-edge-notch-beam (SENB) were chosen to be the specimen and the Vickers’ indentation specimen subjected to a magnetic field were chosen to be the specimens. Results indicate that there is no significant variations of the measured fracture toughness of the manganese–zinc ferrite ceramic in the presence of the magnetic field. The theoretical model involves an anti-plane shear crack with finite length in an infinite magnetostrictive body where an in-plane magnetic field prevails at infinity. Magnetoelasticity is used. The crack-tip elastic field is different from that of the classical mode III fracture problem. Furthermore, the magnetoelastic fracture of the soft ferromagnetic material was studied by solving the stress field for a soft ferromagnetic plane with a center-through elliptical crack. The stress field at the tip of a slender elliptical crack is obtained for which only external magnetic field normal to the major axis of the ellipse is applied at infinity. The results indicate that the near field stresses are governed by the magnetostriction and permeability of the soft ferromagnetic material. The induction magnetostrictive modulus is a key parameter for finding whether magnetostriction or magnetic-force-induced deformation is dominant near the front an elliptically-shaped crack. The influence of the magnetic field on the apparent toughness of a soft ferromagnetic material with a crack-like flaw can be regarded approximately in two ways: one possesses a large induction magnetostrictive modulus and the other has a small modulus. Finally, a small-scale magnetic-yielding model was developed on the basis of linear magnetization to interpret the experimental results related to the fracture of the manganese–zinc ferrite ceramics under magnetic field. Studied also is the fracture test of the soft ferromagnetic steel with compact tension specimens published in the existing literature.     

内部压力作用下矩形板中源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹应力强度因子的一种数值分析

应用一种边界元方法来研究内部压力作用下矩形板中源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹。该边界元方法由Crouch与Starfied建立的常位移不连续单元和笔者最近提出的裂尖位移不连续单元构成。在该边界元方法的实施过程中,左、右裂尖位移不连续单元分别置于裂纹的左、右裂尖处,而常位移不连续单元则分布于除了裂尖位移不连续单元占据的位置之外的整个裂纹面及其它边界。本数值结果进一步证实这种数值方法对计算有限大板中复杂裂纹的应力强度因子的有效性,同时该数值结果可以揭示裂纹体几何对应力强度因子的影响。     

Scattering of SH-wave by cracks originating at an elliptic hole and dynamic stress intensity factor

The method of complex function and the method of Green‘s function are used to investigate the problem of SH-wave scattering by radial cracks of any limited length along the radius originating at the boundary of an elliptical hole, and the solution of dynamicstress intensity factor at the crack tip was given. A Green‘s function was constructed for the problem, which is a basic solution of displacement field for an elastic half space containing a half elliptical gap impacted by anti-plane harmonic linear source force at any point of its horizontal boundary. With division of a crack technique, a series of integral equations can be established on the conditions of continuity and the solution of dynamic stress intensity factor can be obtained. The influence of an elliptical hole on the dynamic stress intensity factor at the crack tip was discussed.     

具有半边裂纹导电薄板放电瞬间的温度场数值模拟

采用数值模拟方法 ,模拟计算了具有半边裂纹的导电薄板在放电瞬间的温度场分布。计算结果表明 :在裂纹尖端附近由于电磁热的集中效应 ,可使材料熔化形成焊口 ,裂纹尖端处的曲率半径显著增大 ,并且焊口的温度分布与形状是不完全对称的。裂纹尖端焊口形状的模拟计算结果与试验结果非常吻合。从温度梯度的分布结果可知 ,裂纹前缘附近在放电过程中将产生很大的压应力 ,可显著减少甚至是消除裂纹前缘处的扩展应力数值 ,抑制了裂纹主干线的形成 ,可达到遏制裂纹扩展的目的     

双轴载荷作用下源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹的一种边界元分析

利用一种边界元方法来研究双轴载荷作用下无限大板中源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹．该边界元方法由Crouch与Starfied建立的常位移不连续单元和笔者提出的裂尖位移不连续单元构成．在该边界元方法的实施过程中,左、右裂尖位移不连续单元分别置于裂纹的左、右裂尖处,而常位移不连续单元则分布于除了裂尖位移不连续单元占据的位置之外的整个裂纹面及其它边界,文中算例说明本数值方法对计算平面弹性裂纹的应力强度因子是非常有效的。该文对双轴载荷作用下无限大板中源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹的数值结果进一步证实本数值方法对计算复杂裂纹的应力强度因子的有效性,同时该数值结果可以揭示双轴载荷及裂纹体几何对应力强度因子的影响。     

十次对称二维准晶中的热应力分析

推导了当考虑热效应时十次对称二维准晶体平面应变问题的通解表示．作为应用，采用所获得的通解首先得到了十次对称二维准晶体中的一个点热源所引起的声子场和相位子场，给出了点热源所引起的声子场和相位子场应力分量的解析表达式；接着获得了在均匀热流作用下十次对称二维准晶体中-绝缘椭圆孔洞所引起的热应力问题的弹性解答，给出了沿椭圆边界环向应力分布的解析表达式；当椭圆的短轴趋于零时，则获得了裂纹问题的解答，给出了应力强度因子、裂纹表面张开位移及能量释放率的解析表达式；推导了在任意热载荷作用下裂尖附近的渐近场．