GCr15凹模环形裂纹电磁热局部跨越止裂的模拟研究

裂纹止裂技术是当前工业生产和实际应用中急需解决的关键问题;利用电磁热效应对带有裂纹的金属构件进行止裂,是达到延长工作寿命、提高安全性可靠性的一种行之有效的方法;本文采用有限元方法研究了带有半埋藏环形裂纹的轴对称GCr15凹模电磁热局部跨越止裂;建立了超强脉冲电流放电瞬间,环形裂纹尖端附近电场、温度场和热应力场的耦合关系。数值模拟分成热-电耦合(焦耳热问题)和热-机械耦合两个过程来实现,通过数值解析轴对称模型,给出了脉冲放电瞬间GCr15凹模中的电流-温度-热应力的求解过程,得到了脉冲放电瞬间半埋藏环形裂纹局部跨越止裂时凹模的温度场和热应力场。数值模拟研究结果表明:由于热集中效应,在放电瞬间裂纹尖端金属熔化,并形成局部堆焊,阻止了干线裂纹源的开裂,达到了止裂的目的。     

含埋藏椭圆形裂纹金属构件电磁热止裂时热应力场分析

对带有椭圆埋藏裂纹金属构件在脉冲放电瞬间的热应力场进行了理论分析。在热应力场的求解中,利用了热传导和非定常热应力理论,由求解的热应力场公式发现：在脉冲放电瞬间,电磁热在裂纹尖端形成热压应力场,热压力场可有效地抑制裂纹的扩展。以Cr12MoV模具钢中埋藏椭圆裂纹止裂为例,具体计算了脉冲放电瞬间的热应力场分布情况,为空间裂纹电磁热止裂技术的实际应用提供了理论基础。     

电磁热效应止裂效果与裂纹走向关系的研究

采用理论、实验与数值分析的方法研究了在电磁热效应裂纹止裂中 ,由于裂纹走向不同导致裂纹尖端的温度场、温度梯度场分布状态的不同 ,并定量计算了它们的分布规律和差值。数值模拟计算应用了耦合场理论中热 电耦合 (焦耳热问题 )的分析方法。三方面的研究结果均表明 :在裂纹尖端处 ,由于电流产生的焦耳热源的作用 ,能够在很小的范围内熔化形成微小的焊口 ,遏制了裂纹的扩展 ;裂纹的走向是影响裂纹尖端温度场数值和温度梯度场变化即电磁热效应裂纹止裂效果的主要因素之一。     

T10钢金属模具中裂纹电磁热止裂的实验研究

自主设计了改进型ZL-2超强脉冲电流发生装置，采用它对T10金属模具钢中裂纹进行脉冲放电止裂。放电时裂纹尖端熔化形成堆焊和高压应力区，使裂纹尖端钝化，达到了止裂的目的。由于脉冲放电超快速加热和冷却，在裂纹尖端处实现了冲击淬火，得到了超细化的隐晶马氏体和细粒碳化物等微观组织，同时围绕裂纹尖端形成了白亮层组织，提高了裂纹尖端处的硬度、强韧性和耐磨性，实验结果验证了理论研究和数值模拟的结果，为将电磁热裂纹止裂技术应用到金属模具裂纹止裂中，进行了基础实验工艺的研究工作。     

高压脉冲放电技术在金属裂纹止裂中的应用

如何产生高强度脉冲电流是应用电磁热效应遏制金属裂纹研究的一个关键问题。本文介绍了高压脉冲放电装置的工作原理;从理论上分析了充电电压、回路参数与放电电流幅值、放电周期之间的关系。在此基础上,自主设计、开发了一套高压脉冲放电装置。采用它对金属模具钢中裂纹进行了脉冲放电止裂实验。放电时裂纹尖端熔化形成堆焊和高压应力区,使裂纹尖端钝化,达到了止裂的目的。由于脉冲放电快速加热和冷却,在裂纹尖端处实现了冲击淬火,得到了超细化的隐晶马氏体和细粒碳化物等微观组织,提高了裂纹尖端处的硬度、强韧性和耐磨性,试验结果验证了该装置的有效性,本文的成果为采用电磁热效应对金属模具裂纹止裂提供了实验技术基础。     

ZL303合金电磁热止裂后力学性能研究

利用自制的ZL-2超强脉冲放电装置对含有单边裂纹的ZL303合金试件进行电磁热止裂试验。通过微机控制电子万能试验机对止裂前后试件进行拉伸试验,并用SEM扫描电镜对断口进行观察,最后理论分析了受拉伸试件的应力强度因子。结果表明,电磁热止裂技术对ZL303具有良好的止裂效果;放电强化作用主要集中在裂尖附近,裂尖钝化形成焊口,裂尖处组织变细且强度提高,试件的抗拉强度平均提高了16.5%;电热应力强度因子削弱了拉应力所产生的应力强度因子,达到力学性能强化的效果。     

绕裂尖白亮层的形成及其止裂作用分析

应用电磁热效应对带有裂纹的金属导体通入脉冲电流进行止裂，在裂纹尖端处熔化形成钝化焊口的同时，围绕裂尖的很小范围内形成一白亮层．分析表明：白亮层的形成对裂纹的扩展起到了屏蔽和防止应力腐蚀的作用，进一步提高了钝化止裂的效果．     

带有中间裂纹载流薄板放电瞬间耦合场的数值模拟

应用耦合场理论采用数值分析的方法计算了具有中间裂纹的导电薄板在放电瞬间裂纹端区域附近的温度场、温度梯度场的分布状态。计算结果表明：由于电流产生的焦耳热源的作用，裂纹尖端处温度瞬时急剧升高，能够在很小的范围内熔化形成微小的口，裂纹前缘的曲率半径增加了几个数量级，显著地减少了应力集中，阻止了干线裂纹源的形成，有效地遏制了裂纹的扩展，数值模拟采用了热－电耦合的分析方法，考虑了材料电阻随温度变化和电流流过生成的内热源间的相互作用，同时考虑了导热系数和比热随温度变化所产生的影响，对于具有中间裂纹的载流反，根据结构、材质、边界条件及通电电流的对称性，计算得到了两个裂纹尖端完全对称的结果。     

带有两个共线裂纹载流薄板温度场的复变函数解

采用复变函数方法对带有两个共线穿透裂纹的导电薄板，在瞬间电流作用下的温度场进行了计算。针对带有两个共线裂纹或夹杂的载流薄板形成了边值问题，给出封闭形式的解，得到了电流在裂纹尖端的奇异特征。在形成了点热源的基础上，导出裂纹端附近区域的温度场表达式，为计算裂纹尖端附近应力场打下了基础。     

单边裂纹通电瞬间裂尖处应力场的复变函数解

本文应用复变函数中的Schwarz-Christoffel变换方法，在具单边裂纹的导电薄板通电瞬间温度场复变函数解的基础上，推导出用复变函数表示的应力场的表达式，并且给出算例，通过理论计算得知；当对具有单边裂纹的导电薄板通入适当密度的电流时，裂尖处温度急剧升高并熔化便裂尖变钝。同时，在裂尖周围形成了有利于遏制裂纹扩展的压应力场，有效地防止了裂纹沿其主方向和其它方向延伸。从理论上证明了电磁热效应在裂尖处产生高温形成焊口的同时，压应力场的形成是遏制裂纹扩展的主要因素之一。理论计算结果与实验结果比较吻合，为这一止裂方法的应用打下了理论基础。     

THERMAL STRESS FIELD WHEN CRACK ARREST IN AN AXIAL SYMMETRY METAL DIE USING ELECTROMAGNETIC HEATING

In order to solve the thermal stress field around crack tip in metal die when crack prevention using electromagnetic heating, a metal die with a half-embedded round crack was selected as the study object. The complex function method was used as a basis for the theoretical model of the space crack prevention in metal dies using electromagnetic heating. The crack arrest was accomplished by a pulse current discharge through the inner and outer. The theoretical analysis results show that the temperature around the crack tip rises instantly above the melting point of the metal. Small welded joints are formed at a small sphere near the crack tip inside the metal die by metal melting as a result of the heat concentration effect when the current pulse discharged. The thermal compressive stress field appears around the crack tip at the moment. The research results show that the crack prevention using electromagnetic heating can decrease the stress concentration and forms a compressive stress area around the crack tip, and also prevents the main crack from propagating further, and the goal of crack preventing can be reached.     

Transient thermal elastic fracture of a piezoelectric cylinder specimen

A finite piezoelectric cylinder with an embedded penny-shaped crack is investigated for a thermal shock load on the outer surface of the cylinder. The theory of linear electro-elasticity is applied to solve the transient temperature field and the associated thermal stresses and electrical displacements without crack. These thermal stresses and electrical displacements are added to the surfaces of the crack to form an electromechanical coupling and mixed mode boundary-value problem. The electrically permeable crack face boundary condition assumption is used, and the thermal stress intensity factor and electrical displacement intensity factor at the crack border are evaluated. The thermal shock resistance of the piezoelectric cylinder is evaluated for the analysis of piezoelectric material failure in practical engineering applications.     

Investigation on 3D fatigue crack propagation in surface-cracked specimens

In the present work the fatigue crack growth in AISI304 specimens is investigated experimentally. In 3D finite element analysis the virtual crack closure technique is applied to calculate distributions and variations of the stress intensity factor along the surface crack front. It is confirmed that the stress intensity factor along the surface crack front varies non-uniformly with crack growth. Crack growth rate is proportional to the stress intensity factor distribution in the 3D cracked specimen. The fatigue crack growth in surface cracked specimens can be described by the Forman model identified in conventional compact tension specimens. For crack growth in the free specimen surface the arc length seems more suitable to quantify crack progress. Geometry and loading configuration of the surface cracked specimen seem to not affect the fatigue crack growth substantially.     

Thermo-electro-structural coupled analyses of crack arrest by Joule heating

Using the finite element method, thermo-electro-structural coupled analyses of the cracked conducting plate under high electric current have been solved. The crack contact condition and temperature-dependent material properties are considered in this analysis. The crack tip temperature, electric current density factor, stress intensity factor and strain energy density factor are obtained for discussions. Due to high electric current density and Joule heating at the crack tip, a circular melting area may exist around the tip. After cooling, a circular void or hole may occur at the crack tip and the crack arrest is achieved. The crack tip temperature decreases when the crack contact area increases. The proper tensile load is necessary for making the crack open enough and causing high current density at the crack tip and associated crack arrest. On the other hand, the crack tip temperature increases with time by the increasing external current and Joule heating. The values of mode-I stress intensity factor and strain energy density factor decrease with time due to the thermal deformation around the crack tip. Because of the temperature-dependent resistivity, the variation of the electric current density factor is complicated. In addition, it is not easy to create a crack-arrest condition when the crack length relative to the plate width is too small.     

NiTi形状记忆合金裂纹尖端热力耦合行为研究

本文对NiTi形状记忆合金I型裂纹尖端热力耦合行为进行了数值仿真分析和实验验证。建立了包含相变和热力耦合的本构模型,通过有限元计算得到了裂纹尖端附近的纵向应变、马氏体体积分数和温度场分布,依据马氏体相变情况对裂纹尖端有效应力强度因子进行了修正,揭示了加载速率对形状记忆合金裂纹尖端有效应力强度影子的影响规律。参数研究表明,随着加载频率的增加,裂纹尖端附近温度逐渐升高,马氏体相变区域逐渐缩小,有效应力强度因子呈下降趋势,形状记忆合金表现出增韧效应,有助于减缓裂纹扩展。本研究结果对于揭示热力耦合作用下超弹性形状记忆合金疲劳裂纹扩展规律具有重要参考意义。