孔边裂纹对SH波的散射及其动应力强度因子

采用Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数法研究任意有限长度的孔边裂纹对ＳＨ波的散射和裂纹尖端场动应力强度因子的求解．取含有半圆形缺口的弹性半空间水平表面上任意一点承受时间谐和的出平面线源荷载作用时位移函数的基本解作为Ｇｒｅｅｎ函数,采用裂纹“切割”方法并根据连接条件建立起问题的定解积分方程,得到动应力强度因子的封闭解答．最后给出了孔边裂纹动应力强度因子的算例和结果,并讨论了圆孔的存在对动应力强度因子的影响     

压电体中孔边Ⅲ型界面裂纹的动应力强度因子

采用Green函数法研究界面上含圆孔边界径向有限长度裂纹的两半无限压电材料对SH波的散射和裂纹尖端动应力强度因子问题.首先构造出具有半圆型凹陷半空间的位移Green函数和电场Green函数,然后采用裂纹"切割"方法构造孔边裂纹,并根据契合思想和界面上的连接条件建立起求解问题的定解积分方程.最后作为算例,给出了孔边界面裂纹尖端动应力强度因子的计算结果图并进行了讨论.     

Scattering of SH-waves by an interacting interface linear crack and a circular cavity near bimaterial interface

An analytical method is developed for scattering of SH-waves and dynamic stress concentration by an interacting interface crack and a circular cavity near bimaterial interface. A suitable Green‘s function is contructed, which is the fundamental solution of the displacement field for an elastic half space with a circular cavity impacted by an out-plane harmonic line source loading at the horizontal surface. First, the bimaterial media is divided into two parts along the horizontal interface, one is an elastic half space with a circular cavity and the other is a complete half space. Then the problem is solved according to the procedure of combination and by the Green‘s function method. The horizontal surfaces of the two half spaces are loaded with undetermined anti-plane forces in order to satisfy continuity conditions at the linking section, or with some forces to recover cracks by means of crack-division technique. A series of Fredholm integral equations of first kind for determining the unknown forces can be set up through continuity conditions as expressed in terms of the Green‘s function. Moreover, some expressions are given in this paper, such as dynamic stress intensity factor (DSIF) at the tip of the interface crack and dynamic stress concentration factor (DSCF) around the circular cavity edge. Numerical examples are provided to show the influences of the wave numbers, the geometrical location of the interface crack and the circular cavity, and parameter combinations of different media upon DSIF and DSCF.     

Analytic solutions to problem of elliptic hole with two straight cracks in one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystals

By means of the complex variable function method and the technique of conformal mapping, the anti-plane shear problem of an elliptic hole with two straight cracks in one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystals is investigated. The solution of the stress intensity factor （SIF） for mode III problem has been found. Under the condition of limitation, both the known results and the SIF solution at the crack tip of a circular hole with two straight cracks and cross crack in one-dimensional hexagonal quasicrystals can be obtained.     

双轴载荷作用下源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹的一种边界元分析

利用一种边界元方法来研究双轴载荷作用下无限大板中源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹．该边界元方法由Crouch与Starfied建立的常位移不连续单元和笔者提出的裂尖位移不连续单元构成．在该边界元方法的实施过程中,左、右裂尖位移不连续单元分别置于裂纹的左、右裂尖处,而常位移不连续单元则分布于除了裂尖位移不连续单元占据的位置之外的整个裂纹面及其它边界,文中算例说明本数值方法对计算平面弹性裂纹的应力强度因子是非常有效的。该文对双轴载荷作用下无限大板中源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹的数值结果进一步证实本数值方法对计算复杂裂纹的应力强度因子的有效性,同时该数值结果可以揭示双轴载荷及裂纹体几何对应力强度因子的影响。     

基于表面弹性理论的开裂椭圆孔断裂力学研究

研究纳米尺度时开裂椭圆孔的III型断裂性能。基于表面弹性理论和保角映射技术，利用复势函数理论获得了缺陷(裂纹和椭圆孔)周围应力场和裂纹尖端应力强度因子的闭合解答。所得结果具有一般性，许多已有和新的解答可由本文退化的特殊情形得到。利用解析结果讨论了缺陷的绝对尺寸、椭圆孔的形状比以及裂纹的相对尺寸对应力强度因子的影响。结果表明：考虑表面效应且缺陷尺寸在纳米尺度时，应力强度因子具有显著的尺寸依赖效应；应力强度因子随椭圆孔形状比的变化规律受缺陷表面常数的影响；缺陷表面效应的影响取决于椭圆孔的形状比，非常大的形状比屏蔽了表面效应的影响；裂纹相对尺寸非常小时表面效应影响较弱，裂纹相对尺寸较大时表面效应较为明显。     

Three-dimensional analysis of defects in a piezoelectric material

In this paper, the Green's function technique is used to develop a solution of an infinite, piezoelectric medium containing either an ellipsoidal cavity or a flat elliptical crack. The coupled elastic and electric fields both inside the cavity and on the boundary of the cavity are obtained, and the stress intensity factor and the electric field intensity factor are also obtained for an elliptical crack. It is found that; (1) the coupled elastic and electric fields inside the cavity keep uniform when the external elastic field and electric field are constant; (2) the behavior of the stress and electric field components in the neighborhood of the crack tip shows the classical type of singularity. The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Analysis of three-dimensional edge cracks under tensile loading

Three-dimensional edge cracks are analyzed using the Self-Similar Crack Expansion (SSCE) method with a boundary integral equation technique. The boundary integral equations for surface cracks in a half space are presented based on a half space Green's function (Mindlin, 1936). By using the SSCE method, the stress intensity factors are determined by the crack-opening displacement over the crack surface. In discrete boundary integral equations, the regular and singular integrals on the crack surface elements are evaluated by an analytical method, and the closed form expressions of the integrals are given for subsurface cracks and edge crakcs. This globally numerical and locally analytical method improves the solution accuracy and computational effort. Numerical results for edge cracks under tensile loading with various geometries, such as rectangular cracks, elliptical cracks, and semi-circular cracks, are presented using the SSCE method. Results for stress intensity factors of those surface breaking cracks are in good agreement with other numerical and analytical solutions.     

集中载荷作用下各向异性平面内的椭圆孔或裂纹问题

应用复变函数Cauchy积分的方法,对含有椭圆孔或裂纹的各向异性平面,系统地导出了当其在面内受任意集中载荷作用时的复应力函数解或裂纹应力强度因子解析解,即基本解;并通过基本解的迭加,得到了在椭圆孔周或裂纹表面作用一般外载时的解,其特例证实了上述解的正确性。     

内部压力作用下矩形板中源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹应力强度因子的一种数值分析

应用一种边界元方法来研究内部压力作用下矩形板中源于椭圆孔的分支裂纹。该边界元方法由Crouch与Starfied建立的常位移不连续单元和笔者最近提出的裂尖位移不连续单元构成。在该边界元方法的实施过程中,左、右裂尖位移不连续单元分别置于裂纹的左、右裂尖处,而常位移不连续单元则分布于除了裂尖位移不连续单元占据的位置之外的整个裂纹面及其它边界。本数值结果进一步证实这种数值方法对计算有限大板中复杂裂纹的应力强度因子的有效性,同时该数值结果可以揭示裂纹体几何对应力强度因子的影响。     

各向异性介质中SH波引起的裂纹扩展

本文利用Green函数法,求解各向异性介质中半无限长裂纹在SH波作用下,以任意速度扩展的问题。首先,利用Laplace变换和Cagniard-de Hoop反演法求解各向异性介质中反平面问题的Green函数,并利用它建立了求解裂纹扩展问题的积分方程。因为方程为Abel型的,所以可得到在SH波作用下,半无限长裂纹扩展问题的解析解。还可求得裂纹端点附近的应力和裂纹表面上位移的表达式。并对裂纹端点附近的奇异性进行讨论。最后讨论了裂纹尖端附近任一点的能量关系。并应用Griffith的能量准则,对裂纹扩展规律进行了讨论。     

弹性半平面中边界裂纹研究的新方法

讨论了载荷作用在裂纹面上的弹性半平面边界裂纹问题.研究以线弹性断裂力学为基础,采用复变函数方法以及Riemann-Hilbert(R-H)边值问题的一般理论,将问题分拆为含有限裂纹的全平面问题与无裂纹的半平面问题的叠加,计算得到裂纹尖端的应力强度因子.与文献结果比较,该方法具有精度高的优点.     

含有非圆形双孔的无限平板中应力的解析解研究

无限平板中含有任意形状单个孔的问题可以使用复变函数方法获得其应力解析解.对于无限平板中含有两个圆孔或两个椭圆孔的双连通域问题,也可以利用多种方法进行求解,比如双极坐标法、应力函数法、复变函数法以及施瓦茨交替法等.其中复变函数中的保角变换方法是获得应力解析解的一个重要方法.但目前尚未见到用此方法求解无限板中含有一个正方形孔和一个椭圆孔的问题.当板在无穷远处受有均布载荷和孔边作用垂直均布压力时,利用保角变换方法可以求解板中含有两个特定形状孔的问题.该方法将所讨论的区域映射成象平面里的一个圆环,其中最关键的一步是找出相应的映射函数.基于黎曼映射定理,提出了该映射函数一般形式,并利用最优化方法,找到了该问题的具体映射函数,然后通过孔边应力边界条件建立了求解两个解析函数的基本方程,获得了该问题的应力解析解.运用ANSYS有限单元法与结果进行了对比.研究了孔距、椭圆形孔大小和两孔布置方位对边界切向应力的影响,以及不同载荷下两孔中心线上应力分布规律.      

A numerical analysis of cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in a 2-D elasticity plate

This paper is concerned with the stress intensity factors (SIFs) of cracks emanating from an elliptical hole in an infinite or a finite plate under biaxial loads by using a boundary element method, which consists of the non-singular displacement discontinuity element presented by Crouch and Starfield and the crack-tip displacement discontinuity elements due to the author. In the boundary element implementation the left or the right crack-tip element is placed locally at the corresponding left or right crack tip on top of the constant displacement discontinuity elements that cover the entire crack surface and the other boundaries. A few numerical examples are included to show that the present approach is very efficient and accurate for the calculating the SIFs of crack problems in an infinite or a finite plate. The present numerical results of cracks emanating from an elliptical hole under biaxial loads can reveal the effect of the elliptical aspect ratio and the transverse load on the SIFs.     

陶瓷基复合材料基体唇形裂纹失效规律研究

建立横向拉伸载荷下的唇形裂纹数学模型,采用复变函数的方法,通过保角映射,推导了唇形裂纹尖端应力场和位移场的解析解,建立了唇形裂纹的应力强度因子准则和最大能量释放率准则,结合算例分析陶瓷基复合材料基体唇形裂纹的几何参数、外载荷和纤维分布对失效准则的影响规律.结果 表明,(1)裂纹尖端应力场和位移场的解析解与有限元计算结果进行对比,验证了方法的有效性;(2)相较于Griffith裂纹和椭圆裂纹,基于唇形裂纹的失效准则对裂纹尖端的敏感性更高,适用于预测脆性陶瓷基体裂纹的扩展;(3)对于不同几何参数的唇形裂纹,采用最大能量释放率准则的基体裂纹的扩展速率要大于应力强度因子准则.     

STUDY ON DYNAMIC STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS OF DISK WITH A RADIAL EDGE CRACK SUBJECTED TO EXTERNAL IMPULSIVE PRESSURE

A dynamic weight function method is presented for dynamic stress intensity factors of circular disk with a radial edge crack under external impulsive pressure. The dynamic stresses in a circular disk are solved under abrupt step external pressure using the eigenfunction method. The solution consists of a quasi-static solution satisfying inhomogeneous boundary conditions and a dynamic solution satisfying homogeneous boundary conditions. By making use of Fourier-Bessel series expansion, the history and distribution of dynamic stresses in the circular disk are derived. Furthermore, the equation for stress intensity factors under uniform pressure is used as the reference case, the weight function equation for the circular disk containing an edge crack is worked out, and the dynamic stress intensity factor equation for the circular disk containing a radial edge crack can be given. The results indicate that the stress intensity factors under sudden step external pressure vary periodically with time, and the ratio of the maximum value of dynamic stress intensity factors to the corresponding static value is about 2.0.     

On the stress problem of large elliptical cutouts and cracks in circular cylindrical shells

Numerical solutions are presented for stresses around an elliptical hole in a long, thin, circular cylindrical shell subjected to axial tension for both the symmetric orientations of the hole with respect to the shell. The method of analysis involves obtaining a series solution to the governing shell equations in terms of Mathieu functions by the method of separation of variables and satisfying the boundary conditions numerically term by term in a Fourier series formulation. Results are presented in the form of charts from which stress concentration factors can be directly read over a wide range of the two parameters, namely, axis ratio of the ellipse and a curvature parameter defining the hole size with respect to dimensions of the shell.An interesting feature of the investigation is the analysis of limiting cases of circumferential and axial cracks for axial tension and internal pressure loadings respectively. The method developed involves determining the solution completely in elliptic coordinates and then determining the singular stresses by carrying out a transformation to polar coordinates with crack tip as the origin through a Taylor series expansion. Membrane and bending stress intensity factors are computed and plotted over a sufficiently wide range of the curvature parameter extending from small to large sized cracks. As an outcome of the analysis, a “hybrid” technique has been developed by which singularity conditions at the crack tip can be handled effectively in dealing with boundary conditions in crack problems.     

一维正方准晶椭圆孔口平面弹性问题的解析解

利用复变方法,引入广义保角映射,研究了一维正方准晶中具有椭圆孔口的平面弹性问题,给出了各应力分量的复变表示,并在特殊情况下转化为Griffith裂纹,得到该裂纹尖端处的应力强度因子的解析解.当准晶体的对称性增加时,正方准晶椭圆孔口平面弹性问题退化为一维四方准晶中具有椭圆孔口的平面弹性问题,同样在特殊情况下转化为Griffith裂纹,得到裂纹尖端处的应力强度因子的解析解.     

冲击载荷下含空孔三点弯曲梁的动态断裂行为

为得到圆孔缺陷对运动裂纹扩展过程的影响规律,采用动态焦散线实验方法进行模型实验,研究了冲击载荷下含空孔三点弯曲梁的动态断裂行为。研究结果表明:空孔对裂纹扩展有极大的阻碍作用,在一定范围内,空孔直径越大,阻碍作用越明显。裂纹扩展到空孔附近时,扩展速度会下降。裂纹在空孔上部再次起裂后,最大扩展速度远远大于裂纹与空孔贯通前的最大扩展速度。裂纹扩展至空孔附近时,裂纹尖端动态应力强度因子KdⅠ和KdⅡ均会下降。裂纹在空孔上部再次起裂后,裂尖的应力强度因子KdⅠ和KdⅡ均大于裂纹与空孔贯通前裂尖的KdⅠ和KdⅡ。在整个扩展过程中,裂纹尖端的动态应力强度因子KdⅡ远小于KdⅠ,说明KdⅠ在裂纹扩展过程中起主要作用。     

Heat conduction and thermal stress induced by an electric current in an infinite thin plate containing an elliptical hole with an edge crack

A uniform electric current at infinity was applied to a thin infinite conductor containing an elliptical hole with an edge crack. The electric current gives rise to two states, i.e., uniform and uneven Joule heat. These two states must be considered to analyze the heat conduction problem. The uneven Joule heat gives rise to uneven temperature and thus to heat flux, and to thermal stress.Using a rational mapping function, problems of the electric current, the Joule heat, the temperature, the heat flux, the thermal stress are analyzed, and each of their solutions is obtained as a closed form. The distributions of the electric current, the Joule heat, the temperature, the heat flux and the stress are shown in figures.The heat conduction problem is solved as a temperature boundary value problem. Solving the thermal stress problem, dislocation and rotation terms appear, which complicates this problem. The solutions of the Joule heat, the temperature, the heat flux and the thermal stress are nonlinear in the direction of the electric current. The crack problems are also analyzed, and the singular intensities at the crack tip of each problem are obtained. Mode II (sliding mode) stress intensity factor (SIF) is produced as well as Mode I (opening mode) SIF, for any direction of the electric current. The relations between the electric current density and the melting temperature and between the electric current density and SIF are investigated for some crack lengths in an aluminum plate.