计算近场地震作用下隔震结构支座破坏易损性曲线的概率凸集混合模型

用凸集模型模拟隔震结构参数的不确定性,而用随机模型模拟地震动输入的不确定性,提出了计算近场地震作用下在考虑双不确定性因素时隔震结构支座发生破坏的易损性曲线计算新方法;计算结果将给隔震支座力学参数的设计提供参考;通过计算对比可知,若不考虑结构参数不确定性将低估隔震支座破坏的地震易损性;对计算实例中基底最大位移敏感度分析发现,隔震支座的力学参数(如屈服力、屈服后刚度等)对基底最大位移影响较大,上部结构质量的影响次之,而上部结构的刚度对其影响不大;此外,本文的研究内容也为考虑结构参数和输入地震动双不确定性因素的情况下,计算各类结构地震易损性曲线提供了一种新的思路和途径。     

基于性能的基础隔震结构地震易损性分析

对基础隔震结构进行基于性能的易损性分析。首先,建立了基础隔震结构基于拟力法的能量方程,提出基于变形和隔震层塑性耗能的损伤指标,定义隔震结构的四个损伤性能状态;然后,对隔震结构进行动力非线性分析,计算得到两种损伤指标的损伤值;最后,对损伤值进行线性统计回归分析,推导出结构发生各级破坏的概率计算公式,从而分别得到隔震结构基于两种损伤指标的易损性曲线。研究表明,基于隔震层塑性耗能的损伤指标更能合理反映该结构的损伤程度,为基于性能的隔震结构易损性分析提供了新的思路和方法。     

基于神经网络的核电厂设备易损性分析

核电结构的易损性分析是核电厂地震安全评估中至关重要的一环, 但是由于核电结构的复杂性以及考虑土?结相互作用SSI时较大的计算规模, 使得计算核电厂设备易损性曲线十分耗时. 为发展高效的核电厂设备易损性分析方法, 本文采用核电结构土?结相互作用分析的分区计算方法, 并利用有限的SSI分析结果建立神经元模型ANN代替有限元模型, 分别基于对数正态假定的回归法和蒙特卡洛法进行了设备易损性分析. ANN数值模拟包括了以下内容: (1)基于半偏相关系数选择最相关的地震动参数作为ANN输入, 并通过交叉检验建立神经元模型; (2)量化研究ANN数值模拟的预测不确定性, 其中包含了由于简化地震动输入引起的随机不确定性和训练样本缺失引起的认知不确定性; (3)基于ANN模型预测结果分别采用蒙特卡洛法和基于对数正态假定的回归法进行设备的易损性分析. 本文探讨了不同的地震强度指标以及土层材料的不确定性对易损性曲线的影响, 同时验证了回归法中对数正态模型假定的基本合理性, 为核电厂设备易损性分析提供了一种可能方向.      

基于综合破坏指数的混凝土重力坝易损性分析

目前,多采用单一响应指标研究混凝土重力坝的易损性,难以综合表征坝体结构的破坏概率。考虑多重指标共同作用的结果,以混凝土重力坝坝顶相对坝踵顺河向位移、整体损伤指数、坝基面累积滑动位移为单一响应指标,采用非线性动力时程分析,根据功效系数法计算各单一响应指标的功效分数,应用变权模型得到坝体综合破坏指数。分析综合破坏指数与其他响应指标的相关性,给出基于综合破坏指数的四级震害划分标准,对比研究基于单一响应指标和综合破坏指数的混凝土重力坝地震易损性曲线。结果表明,较小或较大地震动强度下采用单一响应指标进行易损性评价结果或偏于保守或偏于危险,而采用变权模型得出的综合破坏指数进行易损性评价,可以适应地震动强度的变化,全面客观预估坝体在不同地震动强度下达到各个等级破坏的概率。     

地震动位移与加速度输入模型差异研究

为明确采用数值算法时地震动位移与加速度输入模型间的差异及产生原因,研究位移输入模型在水工大坝地震响应分析中的适用性。本文在一致输入和只考虑平动自由度基础上,首先研究两种输入模型平衡方程的差异,并结合Rayleigh阻尼模型探讨阻尼矩阵对结果的影响;然后选取多自由度体系定量分析输入模型间的差异,研究阻尼比变化对两种输入模型的影响。结果表明:位移与加速度输入模型间的差异源自阻尼矩阵与地面运动速度确定的激振力;阻尼比为0.05时,Rayleigh阻尼的质量比例部分带来的差异约为刚度比例部分的7~10倍;两种输入模型间的差异随基频和阻尼比的增加而增大。水工大坝结构在采用位移输入模型进行地震响应分析时,须对误差情况进行预估或测算,避免出现不合理的计算结果。     

基础激励测试结构动力特性精度研究

结构动力特性决定结构在动力荷载作用下的动力响应,对结构的动力破坏与安全具有重要意义.精确测试结构动力特性参数是其研究的一个重要方面.采用基础激励的方法测试结构动力特性是一种行之有效的方法.通过实验的方法研究了基础激励测试结构动力特性的精度.实验结果表明,结构动力特性参数在实验范围内不受激励幅值大小的影响;基础激励频段范围对结构的振型影响不大,但对频率与阻尼比的影响很大;只要基础激励的频段包含所要测试的结构固有频率,就能精确测试出结构此阶的频率与阻尼比;如基础激励频段不包含所要测试的结构固有频率,则不能精确测试出结构此阶的频率与阻尼比.因此在使用基础激励方法测试结构动力特性时,应使基础激励的频段包含所要测试的结构固有频率.     

近断层地震作用下钢筋混凝土连续梁桥地震易损性分析

考虑桥墩、支座构件及主梁的碰撞损伤指标,对钢筋混凝土连续梁桥进行了地震易损性分析.综合考虑了结构参数的不确定性,从太平洋地震工程研究(Pacific earthquake engineering research,PEER)数据库中随机选取了20条近场地震记录,得到大量的随机地震-结构样本.结合不同破坏状态下的桥梁损伤指标,根据结构的能力与需求得到了桥梁各构件及整体桥梁结构的地震易损性曲线.从概率意义上判断在强烈地震作用下桥梁结构所处的破坏状态,为今后在役的同类型桥梁震害预测提供了参考.     

柔性基础准零刚度隔振系统动力学特性分析

为解决工程实践中的低频振动问题,提出了利用柔性基础准零刚度隔振系统对其进行隔离的方法。根据舰船装备实际情况,建立了柔性基础准零刚度隔振系统的动力学模型,利用谐波平衡法和平均法对动力学方程进行了求解,得到了谐波力激励下系统的幅频特性曲线和力传递率。研究了不同激励力幅值、质量比和阻尼比对系统隔振性能的影响。仿真结果表明,相比相应的等效线性隔振系统,通过适当地减小激励幅值和适当地增大质量比、阻尼比,柔性基础准零刚度隔振系统具有更优越的低频隔振性能,隔振起始频率较低,振动衰减率较大。     

土-基础相互作用隔震体系地震随机响应分析

视地基土为各向同性的弹性半空间,用弹簧-粘性阻尼器模拟土对结构的影响,将地震激励模拟为平稳随机过程,对基础隔震体系的随机响应进行了分析。分析结果表明,地基土的性质对隔震结构有直接影响,但其影响比非隔震结构小得多。     

模型储液罐提离的非线性振动的频率与阻尼的研究

本文介绍了铝制储液罐模型在水平地震台上用多种波形激励下的提离非线性振动的频率和阻尼的实验研究，揭示了提离对罐—液多种移动边界和多种非线性耦合结构的动力特性的影响，同时也考虑了基础特性，液面浮顶条件和多种输入波形的影响。     

Force and displacement transmissibility of a quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator with geometric nonlinear damping

A geometric nonlinear damping is proposed and applied to a quasi-zero stiffness (QZS) vibration isolator with the purpose of improving the performance of low-frequency vibration isolation. The force, stiffness and damping characteristics of the system are presented first. The steady-state solutions of the QZS system are obtained based on the averaging method for both force and base excitations and further verified by numerical simulation. The force and displacement transmissibility of the QZS vibration isolator are then analysed. The results indicate that increasing the nonlinear damping can effectively suppress the force transmissibility in resonant region with the isolation performance in higher frequencies unaffected. In addition, the application of the nonlinear damping in the QZS vibration isolator can essentially eliminate the unbounded response for the base excitation. Finally, the equivalent damping ratio is defined and discussed from the viewpoint of vibration control.     

Study of the effects of cubic nonlinear damping on vibration isolations using Harmonic Balance Method

In the present study, Harmonic Balance Method (HBM) is applied to investigate the performance of passive vibration isolators with cubic nonlinear damping. The results reveal that introducing either cubic nonlinear damping or linear damping could significantly reduce both the displacement transmissibility and the force transmissibility of the isolators over the resonance region. However, at the non-resonance region where frequency is lower than the resonant frequency, both the linear damping and the cubic nonlinear damping have almost no effect on the isolators. At the non-resonance region with higher frequency, increasing the linear damping has almost no effects on the displacement transmissibility but could raise the force transmissibility. In addition, the influence of the cubic nonlinear damping on the isolators is dependent on the type of the disturbing force. If the strength of the disturbing force is constant and independent of the excitation frequency, then the effect of cubic nonlinear damping on both the force and displacement transmissibility would be negligible. But, when the strength of the disturbing force is dependent of the excitation frequency, increasing the cubic nonlinear damping could slightly reduce the relative displacement transmissibility and increase the absolute displacement transmissibility but could significantly increase the force transmissibility. These conclusions are of significant importance in the analysis and design of nonlinear passive vibration isolators.     

Identification of nonlinear anti-vibration isolator properties

Vibrations are classified among the major problems for engineering structures. Anti-vibration isolators are used to absorb vibration energy and minimise transmitted force which can cause damage. The isolator is modelled as a parallel combination of stiffness and damping elements. The main purpose of the model is to enable designers to predict the dynamic response of systems under different structural excitations and boundary conditions. A nonlinear identification method, discussed in this paper, aims to provide a tool for engineers to extract information about the nonlinear dynamic behaviour using measured data from experiments. The proposed method is demonstrated and validated with numerical simulations. Thus, this technique is applied to determine the nonlinear parameters of a commercial metal mesh isolator. Nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear damping can decrease with the increase in the amplitude of the base excitation. The softening behaviour of the mesh isolator is clearly visible.     

Study on the force transmissibility of vibration isolators with geometric nonlinear damping

By a special layout of the damper in a vibration isolation system, the velocity-nth power damping of the damper can be transformed into the velocity-displacement dependent damping in the moving direction due to geometric nonlinearity. This study is mainly concerned with the mechanism of this geometric nonlinear damping and tries to find some guidelines for designing isolators with high performance, regardless of the isolator is passive or active. The model used in this study is an unconstrained two-degree-of-freedom isolation system, which is suitable for investigating vibration isolation in space vehicles. The motion equation is solved by the averaging method to obtain the amplitude–frequency equation. The influence of damping coefficients on the force transmissibility is analyzed. Results show that this kind of damping has some advantages in improving isolation performance at both the resonance and higher frequencies. Meanwhile, it can also degrade the isolation performance if unreasonable parameters are chosen.     

Reducing force transmissibility in multiple degrees of freedom structures through anti-symmetric nonlinear viscous damping

In the present study, the Volterra series theory is adopted to theoretically investigate the force transmissibility of multiple degrees of freedom (MDOF) structures, in which an isolator with nonlinear anti-symmetric viscous damping is assembled. The results reveal that the anti-symmetric nonlinear viscous damping can significantly reduce the force transmissibility over all resonance regions for MDOF structures with little effect on the transmissibility over non-resonant and isolation regions. The results indicate that the vibration isolators with an anti-symmetric damping characteristic have great potential to solve the dilemma occurring in the design of linear viscously damped vibration isolators where an increase of the damping level reduces the force transmissibility over resonant frequencies but increases the transmissibility over non-resonant frequency regions. This work is an extension of a previous study in which MDOF structures installed on the mount through an isolator with cubic nonlinear damping are considered. The theoretical analysis results are also verified by simulation studies.     

Vibration of two beams connected by nonlinear isolators: analytical and experimental study

To study the coupling vibration of nonlinear isolators and flexible bodies, test rigs of two flexible beams connected by wire mesh isolators are constructed and investigated both experimentally and analytically. A five-parameter polynomial model of wire mesh isolators is derived by identifying parameters in the frequency domain with the sine-sweep test. For obtaining the parameters that are valid in a wide range of frequency, a numerically assisted identification method is developed. With this model, the vibration of two flexible beams connected by wire mesh isolators is studied. The frequency response is obtained analytically by employing the Green’s function method and harmonic balance method. Sine-sweep test results with three test rigs show good coherence with the corresponding numerical results. With obtained experimental results and numerical results, effect of connection parameters is studied in detail. It is found that traditional design rules for isolators are no longer effective and the coupling vibration must be investigated in the design phase. Another phenomenon is that the damping has a function of weakening the effect of nonlinear stiffness. Nonlinear stiffness and nonlinear damping can decrease the transmissibility along with the increase of the excitation level.     

Random vibration of viscoelastic system under broad-band excitations

An analytical method is proposed to study the response of a viscoelastic system with strongly non-linear stiffness force and under broad-band random excitations. The random excitations can be additive, or multiplicative, or both, and they can be stationary or non-stationary with evolutionary spectra. With the proposed method, contributions of the viscoelastic force to both damping and stiffness are taken into account separately, and then the extended version of the stochastic averaging, called the quasi-conservative averaging, is applied to the system to derive the averaged equation of energy envelope. Probability density functions of system responses, such as the total energy, the amplitude, and the state variables, can then be obtained analytically. The accuracy of the method is substantiated by comparing the analytical results with those from Monte Carlo simulations. Effects of parameters in the viscoelastic force and in the non-linear stiffness force on the system responses are also investigated.     

S型测力传感器的动态特性与标定

本文对 S 型测力传感器的动态特性进行了研究。采用模态分析测量技术,测定了传感器的固有频率、模态质量、模态刚度、模态阻尼和阻尼比,并以动画形式显示了其主振型.作出激振力与传感器应变片输出信号的传递函数幅频和相频特性曲线,可简便地确定传感器工作频率范围及相应的误差。     

Bifurcations of periodic orbits in Duffing equation with periodic damping and external excitations

The complex behaviors of Duffing equation with periodic damping and external excitations are investigated. The existence conditions and bifurcations of periodic orbits with three different frequencies resonant conditions are concerned by the second-order averaging method and the Melnikov method. The rich dynamical behaviors are so distinct when different periodic damping excitations are added, including more complicated averaged equations, bifurcation curves, bifurcation conditions, and even chaos. The numerical simulations show the consistence with the theoretical analysis and reveal new complex phenomena which cannot be given by theoretical analysis.     

Effects of anti-symmetric nonlinear viscous damping on the force transmissibility of multi-degree of freedom structures

In the present study, the concept of the output frequency response function is applied to theoretically investigate the force transmissibility of multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) structures with a nonlinear anti-symmetric viscous damping. The results reveal that an anti-symmetric nonlinear viscous damping can significantly reduce the transmissibility over all resonance regions for MDOF structures while it has almost no effect on the transmissibility over non-resonant and isolation regions. The results indicate that the vibration isolators with an anti-symmetric damping characteristic have great potential to overcome the dilemma in the design of linear viscously damped vibration isolators where an increase of the damping level reduces the force transmissibility over resonant region but increases the transmissibility over non-resonant regions.