弹塑性接触问题的非光滑非线性方程组方法

将求解三维弹性摩擦接触问题的非光滑非线性方程组方法推广到弹塑性(Mises材料)情形，提出了两种应用方法：一种是将非光滑非线性方程组方法和求解弹塑性问题常用的Newton—Raphson迭代方法结合起来；另一种是将问题写成统一的非光滑非线性方程组，直接求解。数值算例验证了两种方法的有效性，并进行了结果比较。     

三维接触问题的非光滑算法

给出了一种非光滑算法直接用于求解三维摩擦接触问题的不可微非线性互补模型,不再对模型进行光滑化处理,使算法更加简单。文中对非光滑算法的收敛性给出了严格的数学证明,数值实验表明该算法列式简单,但与光滑化算法同样有效。     

Numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations using a finite element method

A finite element algorithm for solving the Navier-Stokes equations is presented for the analysis of high-speed viscous flows. The algorithm uses triangular elements. The unsteady equations are integrated to steady state with a Runge-Kutta time-marching scheme. A postprocessing artificial dissipation term is introduced to stabilize the computations and to dampen dissipation errors. Numerical results are compared with the calculation of uniform flow on a rectangular region which encounters an embedded oblique shock. A shock/turbulent boundary layer problem is also solved and results are compared with experimental data. It is shown that the postprocessing smoothing term and boundary conditions similar to the finite difference method work well in the present numerical studies.     

非光滑优化的双层规划模型及内点算法

对于包含接触约束的非光滑结构优化问题,其非光滑性体现在状态函数并不是处处可微的,针对含有应力约束及接触约束的非光滑结构优化问题,建立了一种双层规划模型,避免了求解时非光滑性所带来的问题,同时提出了一种迭代算法,用对偶内点二次规划进行分析,线性规划进行优化,算例表明这种方法十分有效。     

正交各向异性弹塑性摩擦接触问题的数值求解

采用正交各向异性摩擦定律对三维弹塑性摩擦接触问题进行分析,基于参变量变分原理,经过有限元离散,将问题化为线性互补问题模型,之后给出一个求解互补问题的非内点光滑化算法．对三维接触问题,滑动方向的确定一直是个难点,为此,该文采用作者提出的组合规划法和迭代法对各向异性摩擦本构模型进行分析,数值结果说明了模型与算法的正确性。     

基于遗传算法的一种Tikhonov正则化改进方法

就Tikhonov正则化方法求解第一类算子方程进行了新的探讨,针对展平泛函的极值处理,采用了遗传算法来解决.结合遗传算法的优点,扩大了解决问题的范围.介绍了其基本原理及运算流程,作为此方法的应用,首先对一变截面悬臂梁模型进行截面积反求,另外解决了一个热传导反问题实例,证明了其方法的有效性.     

Numerical simulation of contact problems in vane machinery by a parametric quadratic programming method

Interference fits are widely used for connecting impeller and shaft assembly that are forced together slowly by pressing. The interference fit design ensures stable balance behavior and allows for positive contact between the impeller and shaft assembly throughout the range of operating speeds. In addition to maintaining radial contact, sufficient net radial interface pressure must remain in order to transmit torque when the rotational speed is very high. Therefore, the interference fit between the impeller and the shaft assembly is one of the most important factors influencing the performance of the turbo unit in the design of turbocharger compressor. A suitable fit tolerance needs to be considered in the structural design. A locomotive-type turbocharger compressor with 24 blades under combined centrifugal and interference fit loading is used for the analysis. The finite-element (FE) parametric quadratic programming (PQP) method developed based on the parametric variational principle (PVP) is used for the analysis of the stress distribution in the three-dimensional (3D) contact problem of impeller. The advantages of the parametric programming method compared with conventional approaches are that the penalty factors can be canceled and that solutions can be obtained directly without tedious iterative procedures such as the general incremental iterative method. To save time in the computation, a~multi-substructure technique is adopted for structural modeling. This not only simplifies the calculation, but also provides a convenient service for process computer-aided design (CAD) by means of FE simulation. The effects of the fit tolerance, coefficient of friction and rotational speed (centrifugal force), wall thickness of the shaft sleeve and the contact stress on the interference-fitting surfaces are studied in detail in the numerical computation. It is found that a nonuniform initial amount of interference in the structural design avoids the relative displacement generated and ensures uniformity of the contact stress. To assure quality of press-fitting, the amount of interference between the shaft sleeve and shaft should be strictly controlled to avoid the rapid increase of the contact stress. The numerical results demonstrate the high accuracy and good convergence of the algorithm presented here, which provides an effective approach that achieves more-reliable interference-fitted connections and more-precise assembly accuracy with lower manufacturing cost in the structural design.     

Contact Interaction of the Faces of a Rectangular Crack under Normally Incident Tension–Compression Waves

A three-dimensional problem on the contact interaction between the faces of a rectangular crack under a normally incident harmonic tension–compression wave is considered. The problem is solved by using the method of boundary integral equations and an iterative algorithm. The contact forces and the discontinuity in the displacement of the crack faces are studied. The results obtained are compared with those for a finite plane crack.     

输入受限LQ控制的参变量变分原理和算法

在最优控制理论中根据模拟理论思想发展了塑性力学和接触力学中的参变量变分原理, 并建立了控制输入受限的线性二次(linear quadratic, LQ)最优控制问题的求解新方程---耦合的Hamilton正则方程与线性互补方程. 通过将连续时间离散成一系列等间距时间区段, 在离散时域内采用参数二次规划方法给出数值求解输入受限的LQ最优控制问题的新算法. 数值仿真验证了该算法在求解控制输入受限的LQ最优控制问题中的有效性, 并且该算法具有较快的收敛性, 在大步长下具有较高的计算精度.      

Dynamics of spatial structure-varying rigid multibody systems

Summary Couplings in machines and mechanisms exhibiting backlash and friction phenomena can be modeled as multibody systems with unilateral constraints and Coulomb friction. The structure of the differential-algebraic equations describing the system depends on the state of the constraints. The contact forces occurring at active constraints are taken into account in the equations of motion as Lagrange multipliers. Additionally, the kinematic conditions of all active constraints are formulated on the acceleration level. Contact and friction laws are sufficient conditions for state transitions of active constraints, and are represented by nonsmooth characteristics. Several formulations, like the linear complementarity problem, and two different nonlinear systems of equations are presented together with their solution method. The theory is applied to a mechanical system containing three-dimensional and coupled unilateral constraints with friction. Received 14 May 1998; accepted for publication 5 January 1999     

Solving frictional contact problems by two aggregate-function-based algorithms

Three dimensional frictional contact problems are formulated as linear complementarity problems based on the parametric variational principle. Two aggregate-function-based algorithms for solving complementarity problems are proposed. One is called the self-adjusting interior point algorithm, the other is called the aggregate function smoothing algorithm. Numerical experiment shows the efficiency of the proposed two algorithms. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10225212, 50178016, 10302007), the National Key Basic Research Special Foundation and the Ministry of Education of China The English text was polished by Ron Marshall.     

Parametric variational solution of linear-quadratic optimal control problems with control inequality constraints

A parametric variational principle and the corresponding numerical algo- rithm are proposed to solve a linear-quadratic （LQ） optimal control problem with control inequality constraints. Based on the parametric variational principle, this control prob- lem is transformed into a set of Hamiltonian canonical equations coupled with the linear complementarity equations, which are solved by a linear complementarity solver in the discrete-time domain. The costate variable information is also evaluated by the proposed method. The parametric variational algorithm proposed in this paper is suitable for both time-invariant and time-varying systems. Two numerical examples are used to test the validity of the proposed method. The proposed algorithm is used to astrodynamics to solve a practical optimal control problem for rendezvousing spacecrafts with a finite low thrust. The numerical simulations show that the parametric variational algorithm is ef- fective for LQ optimal control problems with control inequality constraints.     

解三维摩擦接触问题的一个二阶锥线性互补法

针对三维摩擦接触问题的求解,给出了一种基于参变量变分原理的二阶锥线性互补法. 首先,基于三维Coulomb摩擦锥在数学表述上属于二阶锥的事实,利用二阶锥规划对偶理论,建立了三维Coulomb摩擦接触条件的参变量二阶锥线性互补模型,它是二维Coulomb摩擦接触条件参变量线性互补模型在三维情形下的自然推广;随后,利用参变量变分原理与有限元方法,建立了求解三维摩擦接触问题的二阶锥线性互补法. 较之于将三维Coulomb摩擦锥进行显式线性化的线性互补法,该方法无需对三维Coulomb摩擦锥进行线性化,因而在保证精度的前提下所解问题的规模要小很多. 最后通过算例展示了该方法的特点.      

Effective numerical methods for elasto-plastic contact problems with friction

Several effective numerical methods for solving the elasto-plastic contact problems with friction are presented. First, a direct substitution method is employed to impose the contact constraint conditions on condensed finite element equations, thus resulting in a reduction by half in the dimension of final governing equations. Second, an algorithm composed of contact condition probes and elasto-plastic iterations is utilized to solve the governing equation, which distinguishes two kinds of nonlinearities, and makes the solution unique. In addition, Positive-Negative Sequence Modification Method is used to condense the finite element equations of each substructure and an analytical integration is introduced to determine the elasto-plastic status after each time step or each iteration, hence the computational efficiency is enhanced to a great extent. Finally, several test and practical examples are presented showing the validity and versatility of these methods and algorithms. The Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

THE PARAMETRIC VARATIONAL PRINCIPLE AND NON-LINEAR FINITE ELEMENT METHOD FOR ANALYSIS OF ASTROMESH ANTENNA STRUCTURES

针对大型周边桁架式索网天线由拉索拉压模量不同引起的本构非线性和结构大变形引起的几何非线性问题,给出了基于参变量变分原理的几何非线性有限元方法. 首先针对含预应力索单元拉压模量不同分段描述的本构关系,通过引入参变量,导出了基于参变量及其互补方程的统一描述形式,避免了传统算法需要根据当前变形对索单元张紧/松弛状态的预测,提高了算法收敛性. 然后利用拉格朗日应变描述索网天线结构大变形问题,结合几何非线性有限元法,建立了基于参变量的非线性平衡方程和线性互补方程;并给出了牛顿-拉斐逊迭代法与莱姆算法相结合的求解算法. 数值算例验证了本文提出的算法比传统算法具有更稳定的收敛性和更高的求解精度,特别适合于大型索网天线结构的高精度变形分析和预测.     

索网天线的参变量变分及非线性有限元方法

针对大型周边桁架式索网天线由拉索拉压模量不同引起的本构非线性和结构大变形引起的几何非线性问题,给出了基于参变量变分原理的几何非线性有限元方法. 首先针对含预应力索单元拉压模量不同分段描述的本构关系,通过引入参变量,导出了基于参变量及其互补方程的统一描述形式,避免了传统算法需要根据当前变形对索单元张紧/松弛状态的预测,提高了算法收敛性. 然后利用拉格朗日应变描述索网天线结构大变形问题,结合几何非线性有限元法,建立了基于参变量的非线性平衡方程和线性互补方程;并给出了牛顿-拉斐逊迭代法与莱姆算法相结合的求解算法. 数值算例验证了本文提出的算法比传统算法具有更稳定的收敛性和更高的求解精度,特别适合于大型索网天线结构的高精度变形分析和预测.      

CFD modeling and experimental validation of heat and mass transfer in wood poles subjected to high temperatures: a conjugate approach

In this article, a coupling method is presented in the case of high thermal treatment of a wood pole and a three-dimensional numerical simulation is proposed. The conservation equations for the wood sample are obtained using diffusion equation with variables diffusion coefficients and the incompressible Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations have been solved for the flow field. The connection between the two problems is achieved by expressing the continuity of the state variables and their respective fluxes through the interface. Turbulence closure is obtained by the use of the standard k–ɛ model with the usual wall function treatment. The model equations are solved numerically by the commercial package ANSYS-CFX10. The wood pole was subjected to high temperature treatment under different operating conditions. The model validation is carried out via a comparison between the predicted values with those obtained experimentally. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results shows good agreement, implying that the proposed numerical algorithm can be used as a useful tool in designing high-temperature wood treatment processes. A parametric study was also carried out to determine the effects of several parameters such as initial moisture content, wood aspect ratio and final gas temperature on temperature and moisture content distributions within the samples during heat treatment.     

An implicit method for frictional contact, impact and rolling

In this paper an implicit method for frictional contact, impact and rolling is suggested. A nonclassical formulation of a two-dimensional hyperelastic body unilaterally constrained to rigid supports is proposed by following the ideas of Moreau and Jean. A total Lagrangian formulation of the system is given. The elastic properties are defined by coupling the second Piola–Kirchhoff stress to the Green–Lagrange strain via the Kirchhoff–St. Venant law. The equation of motion is written in the spirit of Moreau by using the mean value impulses introduced by Jean. The mean value impulses appear explicitly in the equation of motion. In such manner the treatment of nonconstant kinematic transformation matrices becomes straightforward. The rigid supports are described by smooth functions. By utilizing these functions and the mean value impulses, new contact/impact laws of Signorini and Coulomb type are formulated. The governing equations are solved by a nonsmooth Newton method. This is performed by following the augmented Lagrangian approach and deriving the consistent stiffness matrix as well as the contact stiffness matrices. Three two-dimensional examples are solved by the method: a contact problem, an impact problem and a rolling contact problem.     

贮腔类三维自由液面动力学问题数值研究

讨论了贮腔类三维自由液面动力学问题的数值研究,将任意的拉格朗日-欧拉运动学描述关系引入到系统的控制方程中,采用任意的拉格朗日-欧拉描述跟踪自由液面,推导了自由面上结点的法向矢量计算公式。采用Galerkin余量法推导了Navier-Stokes方程的空间离散有限元方程,采用三维自由液面上微分几何理论推导了表面张力计算公式。数值研究中考虑了接触角效应,最后进行了三维数值算例分析。     

Numerical methods for contact between two joined quarter spaces and a rigid sphere

Quarter space problems have many useful applications wherever an edge is involved, and solution to the related contact problem requires extension to the classical Hertz theory. However, theoretical exploration of such a problem is limited, due to the complexity of the involved boundary conditions. The present study proposes a novel numerical approach to compute the elastic field of two quarter spaces, joined so that their top surfaces occupy the same plane, and indented by a rigid sphere with friction. In view of the equivalent inclusion method, the joined quarter spaces may be converted to a homogeneous half space with properly established eigenstrains, which are analyzed by our recent half space-inclusion solution using a three-dimensional fast Fourier transform algorithm. Benchmarked with finite element analysis the present method of solution demonstrates both accuracy and efficiency. A number of interesting parametric studies are also provided to illustrate the effects of material combinations, contact location and friction coefficient showing the deviation of the solution from Hertz theory.