基于压电智能结构的垂尾减振系统

以垂尾为研究对象,根据模态分析结果,将压电驱动和传感元件分为两 组,并以对称方式嵌入到垂尾中,为了解决驱动器的输出与参考信号相耦合导致的不稳定 问题,提出一种解耦的自适应前馈控制算法,设计了能够主动减振的垂尾系统,进而降低了 垂尾振动引起的疲劳损伤. 实验结果表明,该垂尾能够较好地抑制飞行过程中的振动.     

气动加载与振动激励耦合试验方法研究

飞机结构在飞行过程中同时承受气动载荷和振动载荷的联合作用,这两种载荷的耦合加载试验对于飞机结构成为一项重要的研究内容,所以有必要对此类试验的可行性及其耦合加载方式进行研究。此次试验以气囊加载静载/常规疲劳载荷状态下试件的振动响应测试为目的,设计符合试验要求的试件和整套试验装置。得到了气囊5种不同加载情况下试件振动响应变化情况,并对此试验结果进行了理论分析,得出以下结论:a)气囊模拟静载/常规疲劳载荷加载不会大幅改变结构本身振动特性,此耦合试验方法所模拟环境比较接近飞机结构真实载荷环境;b)加载气囊的个数、部位及加载力的不同对试件结构的振动响应有一定影响,应增加气囊蓄能器或在试验前进行分析以选择合理的加载点。     

大型引射筒呼吸振动破坏机理的实验和模拟研究

针对某大型引射筒结构,通过有限元模拟分析,找到了对应于纵向裂纹的引射筒花瓣状呼吸振动模态及其频率;应用动应力分析,发现引起该引射筒破坏的频率主要集中在200～300 Hz的低频段.并进行了相关的模态试验,得到了典型的呼吸振动模态及频率,与计算结果进行了对比;结果表明计算与试验符合得很好,验证了数值建模与分析的合理性.     

基于数值分析的模态阻尼系数获取方法

结构模态阻尼系数是影响振动疲劳特性的主要因素,获取模态阻尼系数对于结构振动疲劳的分析和仿真计算有重要作用,对于揭示金属材料振动疲劳损伤形成机理有直接意义。本研究针对2024-O铝合金,进行了大量的元件级试件的振动疲劳仿真分析、试验研究以及数值分析计算,并提出了一种基于数值分析的快速获取结构模态阻尼系数的方法,适合于获取试验件振动疲劳试验过程中的模态阻尼系数变化趋势。研究表明:在不中断试件疲劳试验的情况下,本文方法可以快速准确地得到试验件在整个振动疲劳历程中的模态阻尼系数,固有频率的相对偏差小于0.06%,模态阻尼系数的相对偏差小于1%。为进一步揭示金属材料振动疲劳损伤的形成机理奠定了基础。     

一种新的振动叠加气动耦合加载技术

飞机机动飞行时,机体结构受到随机振动叠加气动的耦合载荷作用,有可能迅速产生破坏。为了考核在这种振动环境下飞机的结构强度及使用寿命能否达到设计要求,需要提供有效的地面试验验证手段和可靠的试验数据。本文研究了一种振动叠加气动的耦合载荷加载技术,通过液压球头传递振动载荷,同时通过气囊施加气动载荷,并设计进行了原理性验证试验。试验结果表明,这种耦合载荷加载技术可以避免过多改变试件自身的振动特性,同时可精确实现振动叠加气动的耦合载荷加载,真实模拟试验件的振动工作环境。此项技术可应用于现代战机的地面结构强度研究。     

飞机某复合材料弯管的振动主动控制

针对某飞机上典型的复合材料弯管结构的振动 ,采用压电元件作为传感器和作动器 ,通过有限元分析其振动模态以确定压电元件的施加位置 ,进一步利用自适应前馈控制策略 ,对其振动进行了主动控制 ,最终取得了有效的减振效果     

飞机典型金属材料振动疲劳历程中模态阻尼比获取方法研究

结构模态阻尼比是影响振动疲劳特性的主要因素,获取模态阻尼比对于结构振动疲劳的分析和仿真计算有重要作用,对于揭示金属材料振动疲劳损伤形成机理有直接意义。本文选取典型航空金属材料2024-O铝合金,进行了大量的元件级振动疲劳试验及仿真分析计算,并提出了一种基于有限元分析计算的振动疲劳历程中结构模态阻尼比的获取方法,适合于元件级结构振动疲劳过程中模态阻尼比变化规律的获取。研究结果表明:本文方法可以在不中断振动疲劳试验的情况下,得到较精确的振动疲劳历程中的模态阻尼比,从而为进一步揭示金属材料振动疲劳损伤形成机理提供了良好的基础。     

层合板结构元件动态S-N曲线的测定方法

在确定了飞机壁板结构的动力学特性后,为预计其声疲劳寿命,传统的方法必须采用飞机壁板结构的典型结构件并通过高声强行波管试验获得这种结构的声疲劳S-N曲线.为减少试验时间和费用,利用振动台获取典型层合复合材料结构元件的振动S-N曲线以代替声疲劳S-N曲线.根据典型复合材料的飞机蒙皮壁板结构形式,利用加筋复合材料层合板设计了用于振动试验的两种结构形式的梁元件.为获得准确的试验结果,试件模拟了实际的连接形式,并用于得到εrms-N振动试验中.所有试件的试验采用相同的振动激励谱形,并在不同的随机振动量级进行试验,利用最小二乘法拟合得到的εrms-N数据.这种测试方法可用于飞机结构抗声疲劳设计的实践中.     

某型水陆两栖飞机水面高速滑行振动研究

某型水陆两栖飞机在某次试飞过程中的水面高速滑行阶段出现海豚运动和机翼振动的异常现象,针对该现象展开原因分析研究。首先,建立飞机结构动力学有限元模型,研究弹性体飞机的固有动力特性;然后,建立双质量弹簧系统模型,结合水动力学研究飞机在水面滑行的运动特性;最后,结合飞机固有动力特性和水面高速滑行运动特性,分析飞机在水面高速滑行过程中机翼产生异常振动的原因。研究结果表明：飞机着水时因着水姿态以及自身静稳性等因素发生海豚运动;在某个运动时刻,当运动固有频率与机翼的一阶弹性模态频率耦合导致机翼振动。研究结果既为后续研究异常避免措施以及保证滑行试飞安全,提供了理论依据;也为水陆两栖飞机振动设计以及水面高速滑行振动分析提供了一种研究思路。     

航天支架结构的被动振动控制

重点研究了航天支架结构的被动振动控制问题。在约束阻尼层有限元模型理论分析的基础上，对未附加约束阻尼层的支架计算模态和试验模态进行了相关性分析，制定出被动振动控制策略；通过分析附加约束阻层后支架计算模态和试验模态相关性，建立了有效的支架有限元模型，进一步用于各种情况的动态响应计算和分析。计算了实验结果表明，该控制策略取得了很好的减振效果，为同类结构振动控制问题提供了一个良好的模型参考。     

基于真空吸盘的新型振动加载技术研究及应用

传统的振动加载技术,试件通过刚性夹具与振动台台面进行连接,刚性夹具采用螺栓与振动台台面和试件进行连接。一些试验要求振动加载装置的连接不能破坏试件结构,传统的螺栓方式不能满足要求。本文研究了一种基于真空吸盘的新型振动加载技术,振动加载杆通过真空吸盘吸附在试件表面。该项技术已在垂尾结构的动态疲劳试验中得到应用。应用实践证明,这种基于真空吸盘的振动加载技术方便、可靠、安全,弥补了传统加载方式的不足。     

SMT solder joint's semi-experimental fatigue model

The low-cycle fatigue induced by thermal cycling is the major concern in the reliability of surface mounted technology (SMT) for electronic packaging; however, dynamic loading effects to solder joint fatigue life have not been thoroughly investigated. In fact, the high-cycling fatigue induced by vibration can also contribute a significant effect. In certain circumstances it can become the dominant failure case when semiconductor devices are used in a vibration environment. In this paper, according to random vibration theory, a random fatigue semi-experimental model of SMT solder joint in random vibration condition is created and a series of vibration fatigue experimental vehicles including PBGA256 assembly were conducted. Compared with random vibration test results, its results are good enough to predict solder joints' fatigue.     

Design of a tuned vibration absorber for a slender hollow cylindrical structure

Abstract

In this paper, details of the design work for a tuned vibration absorber to be used on a hollow cylindrical structure is presented. The vibration problem is of resonant type and the tuned vibration absorber is designed to suppress the displacement vibration response of the free end of the slender hollow structure dominated by the contribution of its lowest transverse vibration modes. The structure is modeled using a commercial finite element software. Finite element model of the structure is verified using experimentally obtained frequency response functions and modal parameters. Effective parameters of the tuned vibration absorber design are then determined based on finite element analysis simulations of the vibration suppression performance of the tuned vibration absorber as it is used on the structure. Details of the tuned vibration absorber design are determined and a prototype is fabricated. Prototype tuned vibration absorber is then characterized experimentally both as a standalone system and also as it is used on the main structure. Vibration reduction performance of the physical prototype of the tuned vibration absorber is also compared with its vibration reduction performance estimated from finite element analysis simulations so that the analysis based design process can be validated.

Communicated by Dumitru Caruntu.     

机翼主梁钛合金模拟件谱载疲劳寿命实验研究

确定某型飞机机翼主梁结构的使用寿命是保证该机使用安全的关键。本文对全机第一关键危险部位--机翼钛合金主梁下缘螺栓孔模拟件进行随机谱和程序块谱载荷下的疲劳寿命试验,获得了模拟件的疲劳裂纹形成寿命和疲劳全寿命,并对其寿命进行了统计处理和对比分析。结果表明,程序块谱较随机谱有更长的疲劳寿命。这说明随机谱比程序块谱要严重,对钛合金主梁模拟件的疲劳寿命有显著的影响。该结论可为机翼钛合金主梁构件疲劳寿命预测及疲劳设计提供试验依据。     

基于非均匀梁模型的二维柔性机翼固有振动分析

变体飞行器通过光滑连续的结构变形改变气动特性,从而提高飞行器的飞行性能,具有很大的应用前景.由于这类新概念飞行器主要通过改变自身结构形状以获得最佳工作性能的需求,因此具有变形大、质量轻等特点,较容易发生结构振动响应.本文研究了一种以柔性变后缘作为变体形式的二维柔性机翼等效建模方法,基于非均匀梁模型假设,建立了该柔性翼的动力学模型.通过利用Frobenius方法得到解析解及固有频率,并用有限元方法进行对比验证,发现前4阶固有频率的误差均在1%以内,每阶固有频率对应的振型一致.通过3D打印工程塑料ABS和硅胶蒙皮材料制备了柔性机翼结构件,并通过动态测量法和拉伸试验分别测定了打印材料和硅胶蒙皮材料的杨氏模量,搭建振动响应实验平台对制备的柔性机翼试验件进行振动试验.对比发现模型振动试验获得的基频与理论模型结果一致,并与有限元方法误差在3%以内.本文通过理论分析和实验验证,建立了二维柔性机翼等效建模方法,研究结果将为柔性变后缘结构动力学特性分析及其控制应用方面提供理论支持.     

Characteristics of F/A-18 vertical tail buffeting

A time-accurate computational analysis of vertical tail buffeting of full F/A-18 aircraft is conducted at typical flight conditions to identify the buffet characteristics of fighter aircraft. The F/A-18 aircraft is pitched at wide range of high angles of attack at Mach number of 0.243 and Reynolds number of 11 millions. Strong coupling between the fluid and structure is considered in this investigation. Strong coupling occurs when the inertial effect of the motion of the vertical tail is fed back into the flow field. The aerodynamic flow field around the F/A-18 aircraft is computed using the Reynolds-averaged full Navier–Stokes equations. The dynamical structural response of the vertical tail is predicted using direct finite-element analysis. The interface between the fluid and structure is applied using conservative and consistent interfacing methodology. The motion of the computational grid due to the deflection of the vertical tail is computed using transfinite interpolation module. The investigation revealed that the vertical tail is subject to bending and torsional responses, mainly in the first modes of vibrations. The buffet loads increase significantly as the onset of vortex breakdown moves upstream of the vertical tails. The inboard surface of the vertical tail has more significant contribution in the buffet excitation than the outboard surface. In addition, the pressure on the outboard surface of the vertical tail is less sensitive to the angle of attack than the pressure on the inboard surface. The buffet excitation peaks shift to lower frequency as the angle of attack increases. The computational results are compared, and they are in close agreement, with several flight and experimental data.     

CHARACTERISTICS OF FATIGUE SURFACE MICROCRACK GROWTH IN VICINAL INCLUSION FOR POWDER METALLURGY ALLOYS

Inclusion flaw is one of the worst flaws of powder metallurgy. The inclusion flaw plays an important role in the failure of high temperature turbine materials in aircraft components and automotive parts, especially fatigue failure. In this paper, an experimental investigation of fatigue microcrack propagation in the vicinal inclusion were carried out by the servo-hydraulic fatigue test system with scanning electron microscope (SEM). It has been found from the SEM images that the fatigue surface microcrack occurs in the matrix and inclusion. According to the SEM images, the characteristics of fatigue crack initiation and growth in vicinal inclusion for powder metallurgy alloys are analyzed in detail. The effect of the geometrical shape and material type of surface inclusions on the cracking is also discussed with the finite element method (FEM).     

Detection and description of non-linear phenomena in experimental modal analysis via linearity plots

Ground vibration tests (GVTs) on aircraft prototypes are mainly performed to experimentally identify the structural dynamic behaviour in terms of a modal model. This assumes a linear dynamic behaviour of the structure. However, in the practice of ground vibration testing it is often observed that structures do not behave in a perfectly linear manner. Non-linearities can be determined, for example, by free play in junctions, hydraulic systems in control surfaces, or friction. This paper compiles measured, typical, non-linear phenomena from various GVTs on large aircraft. The standard procedure in GVTs nowadays is the application of the Harmonic Balance method which linearizes the dynamic behaviour on the level of excitation. The procedure requires a harmonic excitation of the structure which is usually performed during phase resonance testing. The non-linear behaviour is investigated in terms of linearity plots in which the resonance frequency of a mode is plotted as a function of the excitation level. The experimental data is then compatible with all post-processing procedures for the measured results, e.g. updating of the finite element model or flutter calculations. This paper shows measured linearity plots for some typical non-linear phenomena. In the second part of the paper analytical linearity plots for different non-linear stiffness and damping models are considered in order to investigate whether the type of non-linearity can be identified from measured linearity plots. The analytical linearity plots are discussed with respect to their application limits. The analytical linearity plots are used to interpret the experimental linearity plots stemming from various GVTs on different aircraft prototypes. Finally, the observability of non-linear stiffness and non-linear damping characteristics via linearity plots is assessed.