基于单纯形寻优的响应面可靠性分析方法

结构可靠度计算常采用经典的响应面法拟合隐式功能函数或高维功能函数,而对于强非线性功能函数的实际工程问题,尽管其能够计算出结构可靠度的结果,但此时多项式响应面的拟合精度不够,很容易造成不收敛的现象。为了解决上述问题,将响应面法与单纯形寻优的思路进行结合来探求一种有效的计算方法。本文利用单纯形算法对每次迭代的验算点进行优化;再以优化后的设计验算点为中心进行取样,利用响应面法循环迭代计算;最后,沿着真实响应面逐渐逼近最终的验算点。该方法能够解决高维非线性的隐式极限状态方程可靠度计算收敛性的问题,可以提高计算精度和计算效率,具有一定的工程适用性。     

非概率区间模型可靠性指标的梯度投影算法

考虑不确定参数为区间变量,研究求解非概率可靠性指标的有效搜索算法.基于函数梯度法的基本思想,构造搜索方向,建立迭代算法格式,将传统的用于概率可靠性分析的梯度投影法用于非概率可靠性指标的求解.当收敛点为非最可能失效点时,提出了空间降维算法,并给出了整个搜索算法的计算步骤.通过数值算例,验证了本文提出的搜索迭代算法的有效性和正确性.     

区间模型非概率可靠性全局最优解

考虑到实际工程中大量存在不确定性因素,将结构中不确定参数描述为凸集变量的一种特殊情况－区间变量,根据区间模型可靠性指标的定义,采用解析方法进行非概率可靠性全局分析。为避免可能失效点遗漏,解析分析从二、三维开始,对平面和空间进行区域划分,根据极限状态函数的形式,指出了可能失效点依赖于极限状态函数的极值点和根植点。通过简单的量值比较,即可确定最可能失效点,进一步可求得可靠性指标。将低维分析方法推广到n维情况,给出了n维空间中用于计算极值点和根植点方程的数量,能够有效避免发生可能失效点遗漏现象,对优化搜索具有指导意义。针对两类算例进行求解,并与已有结果比较,验证了本文解析方法的正确性。     

基于单纯形寻优的响应面可靠性分析方法

结构可靠度计算常采用经典的响应面法拟合隐式功能函数或高维功能函数，而对于强非线性功能函数的实际工程问题，尽管其能够计算出结构可靠度的结果，但此时多项式响应面的拟合精度不够，很容易造成不收敛的现象。为了解决上述问题，将响应面法与单纯形寻优的思路进行结合来探求一种有效的计算方法。本文利用单纯形算法对每次迭代的验算点进行优化；再以优化后的设计验算点为中心进行取样，利用响应面法循环迭代计算；最后，沿着真实响应面逐渐逼近最终的验算点。该方法能够解决高维非线性的隐式极限状态方程可靠度计算收敛性的问题，可以提高计算精度和计算效率，具有一定的工程适用性。     

混合型样条有限点法解板壳几何非线性问题

本文建立了以挠度函数w(x,y)和应力函数F(x,y)为变量,基于Reissner广义变分原理的混合型样条有限点法,分析了板壳几何非线性问题。文中还提出了将二维非线性耦合矩阵,分解成一个二维系数矩阵与迭代变量的乘积的方法,较适用于Newton—Raphson方法迭代求解。从而使得计算简便,适合于工程应用。     

考虑基本变量模糊与随机性的广义自适应重要抽样法

基于模糊随机广义可靠性分析向随机可靠性分析的转换,提出了模糊随机广义失效概率计算的自适应重要抽样法,该方法利用模拟退火智能优化,在模拟的过程中逐步逼近模糊随机广义设计点,并在模拟过程中自适应地构造重要抽样函数,从而使得模糊随机失效概率的计算效率和精度大为提高。与传统的重要抽样法相比,本文方法无需首先求解失效模式的设计点。对非线性失效区和复杂等价概率密度函数,由于模拟退火智能优化在寻找设计点时比诸如一次二阶矩法(FOSM)更为有效,因而所提方法适合非线性失效区和复杂等价概率密度函数情况下的广义可靠性分析。另外,随着重要抽样密度函数逐步向最优值的自动调整,抽取的样本数逐渐增大,使后续构建的重要抽样函数更能体现对广义失效概率贡献的重要程度,并使失效概率的计算更加准确。文中算例证明了所提方法的合理性。     

结构可靠性分析的多项式数值逼近法

提出了工程结构可靠性分析的多项式数值逼近法。它是以多项式{1,x,…,x^n}为基，利用功能函数高阶矩，通过计算功能函数的最佳逼近概率密度函数，然后用工程结构可靠性分析的一般式来计算结构失效概率的可靠性分析新方法。通过理论分布曲线的数值检验和结构构件失效概率的计算，表明工程结构可靠性分析的最佳平方逼近法在理论上的正确性和工程上的实用性。     

非概率可靠性指标空间搜索算法

考虑不确定参数为区间变量,研究求解非概率可靠性指标的空间搜索算法。针对功能函数呈非线性性态的特征,采用切平面与G=0平面交线对非线性功能函数进行线性化处理,利用等倾线与等效线性功能函数的交点确定迭代点。经优化搜索,当功能函数取0值时,确定了最可能失效点,进一步确定非概率可靠性指标。经数值算例验证了本文提出的优化搜索算法具有较高的搜索效率,与相关结果比较验证了算法的正确性。     

基于支持向量机的序列可靠性优化方法

在工程设计中,可靠性优化设计通常计算量较大或精度不够。本文提出了一种基于支持向量机（Support Vector Machine）和MPP（Most Probable Point）的可靠性分析方法。用SVM 在MPP处替代原极限状态函数,并利用极限状态函数的梯度信息,使SVM模型穿过M PP并与原函数相切,再基于SVM采用重要抽样法计算失效概率。然后,将SORA（Sequential Optimization and Reliability Assessment ）与基于SVM 的可靠性分析方法相集成,将传统的双循环可靠性优化算法解耦为单循环,并通过基于SVM 的可靠性分析方法修正了SORA中由于线性近似带来的误差,保证了最优设计点处可靠性分析的精度。算例证明,该方法在处理非线性问题时具有精确度高和计算量适度的特点。     

特征向量敏度分析的快速算法

本文对文(1)提出的重模态时的敏度分析提出看法。着重提出“迭加-迭代”法,以计算特征向量的敏度或增置。N维解向量在前L阶特征向量张成的低阶子空间内的分量,用振型迭加求得;在后N-L阶特征向量张成的高阶子空间内的分量,用迭代法求得。给出了迭代收敛证明、收敛率、解的相对误差估计及截断值,分析了本法与Nelson法的计算量及L的优选。算例比较了两种方法的精度与机时,结果表明,当满足实用精度时,本算法效率高得多。     

基于线法的U形切口混凝土梁断裂参数研究

混凝土的断裂韧度是重要的材料参数，本文利用含U形切口的三点弯曲梁试验结合临界距离线法来获得混凝土的断裂韧度．理论推导了含断裂韧度与不同根部半径的断裂失效方程，采用有限元法计算了切口应力集中系数．根据断裂失效方程和试验中的材料几何参数，利用最小二乘法拟合计算得到混凝土材料的断裂韧度和抗拉强度．对小切口半径情形，采用双K断裂准则分析计算了混凝土起裂韧度和失稳断裂韧度，分析结果表明：临界距离线法得到的材料断裂韧度与双K断裂准则中的失稳断裂韧度吻合，同时获得相应临界距离值．     

基于临界距离点法的混凝土Ⅰ型断裂韧度的预测

混凝土的断裂韧度是极为重要的断裂力学材料参数，本文利用临界距离理论(TCD)中的点法和混凝土标准断裂梁试样裂缝尖端应力场的近似解，提出了一种对混凝土断裂问题按临界距离的点法进行分析的方法．基于已有文献的试验材料及其实验结果，分析了这种断裂研究分析方法的可行性．将临界距离点法与双K断裂准则应用于几何相似的混凝土梁的断裂韧性和断裂过程区分析，验证了TCD点法的可靠性．实验表明：临界距离理论的点法能够获得比双K断裂准则相对安全的失稳断裂韧度，利用临界距离法还可得到相应断裂过程区长度的极限估算值．     

一种曲折裂纹尖端单元位移场的构造方法

在扩展有限元的框架内,本文发展了一种构造裂尖单元位移场的方法。整个裂纹沿程两侧的非连续位移场只通过富集变换的阶梯函数表征,在裂尖单元,通过调整形函数使得非连续性严格地消失于裂纹尖端。在避免混合区单元引入不满足单位分解的附加位移项的同时,实现了裂纹尖端单元位移场部分非连续特性的表达。还对裂尖单元的形函数调整原则进行了分析,以平面四节点单元为例提出了两种调整方式。文中裂尖单元中含有曲折裂纹的算例说明了本文方法的有效性和适用性。     

Stable and contact-free time stepping for dense rigid particle suspensions

We consider suspensions of rigid bodies in a two-dimensional viscous fluid. Even with high-fidelity numerical methods, unphysical contact between particles occurs because of spatial and temporal discretization errors. We extend a time stepping method that avoids overlap by imposing a minimum separation distance between all pairs of bodies. In its original form, the method discretizes interactions between different particles explicitly. Therefore, to avoid stiffness, a large minimum separation distance is used. In this paper, we introduce a new implicit time stepping method that is able to simulate dense suspensions with large time step sizes and a small minimum separation distance. The method is tested on various unbounded and bounded flows, and rheological properties of the resulting suspensions are computed.     

Thin plate spline radial basis functions for vibration analysis of clamped laminated composite plates

A meshless method based on thin plate spline radial basis functions and higher-order shear deformation theory are presented to analyze the free vibration of clamped laminated composite plates. The singularity of thin plate spline radial basis functions is eliminated by adding infinitesimal to the zero distance. Convergence characteristics of the present thin plate spline radial basis functions for the vibration analysis of the clamped laminated plates are investigated. The frequencies computed by the present method agree well with the available published results.     

二维位势边界元法高阶单元几乎奇异积分半解析算法

准确计算几乎奇异积分是边界元法难题之一。目前,对于一般的高阶单元的几乎奇异积分尚缺乏通用高效的计算方法。本文在单元局部坐标系中表征了二维高阶单元的几何特征,提出了源点相对高阶单元的接近度概念。针对二维位势边界元法的3节点二次等参单元,构造出与单元积分核具有相同几乎奇异性的近似奇异核函数。从二维位势几乎奇异积分单元积分核中扣除近似奇异核函数,把几乎奇异积分项转换为规则积分和奇异积分两部分之和,规则积分部分用常规Gauss数值积分计算,奇异积分部分由导出的解析公式计算,从而建立了二维位势问题高阶单元几乎强奇异和超奇异积分的半解析算法。算例结果表明了本文半解析算法的有效性和计算精度。     

Microstructure damage at ensemble of points for grain composites

Fracture concentration zones are considered in microstructure elements of grain composites. Mathematical model of micro-heterogeneous medium with random properties of elements is used for calculations. The distribution laws for the modules of elasticity and ultimate strengths in the elements as well as the tensor of macroscopic deformations for the composite serve as the initial data. Different types of stresses are evaluated. Correlation functions for micro stresses are obtained by the Green’s tensor method.Random microstructure strength condition is a difference between the stress and the ultimate strength at any point of an ensemble with a particular configuration. The probability of simultaneously exceeding the ultimate strength in this set of elements determines the likelihood of failure of this ensemble of points and the relative damage at the micro level.The damage is calculated using multivariate normal distribution. Structure of correlation matrix of distribution depends on the type of fracture concentration zones. Correlation functions of microstructure strength condition depend on the distance between the points of the ensemble. Calculations of multipoint damage are provided for several configurations of points, in particular, for the three points on a straight line segment, and for the five points in the vertices and the center of a tetrahedron. For two-dimensional distribution density, the smoothing surface formulas are derived, taking into account the moments of stresses up to and including the fourth order.The influence of microstructure properties and the type of ensemble of points on composite damage is demonstrated. Study of microstructure damage enables the prediction of early stages of construction material failure.     

Level set methods based on distance function

Some basic problems on the level set methods were discussed, such as the method used to preserve the distance junction , the existence and uniqueness of solution for the level set equations. The main contribution is to prove that in a neighborhood of the initial zero level set, the level set equations with the restriction of the distance function have a unique solution, which must be the signed distance function with respect to the evolving surface. Some skillful approaches were used: Noticing that any solution for the original equation was a distance function, the original level set equations were transformed into a simpler alternative form. Moreover, since the new system was not a classical one, the system was transformed into an ordinary one, for which the implicit function method was adopted.     

A necessary and sufficient set of boundary integral equations with indirect unknowns for plate bending problem

A boundary integral representation of plane biharmonic function is established rigorously by the method of unanalytical continuation in the present paper. In this representation there are two boundary functions and four constants which bear a one to one correspondence to biharmonic functions. Therefore the set of boundary integral equations with indirect unknowns based on this representation is equivalent to the original differential equation formulation.     

An Improved Method for Reconstructing the Digital Core Model of Heterogeneous Porous Media

The heterogeneous pore space of porous media strongly affects the storage and migration of oil and gas in the reservoir. In this paper, the cross-correlation-based simulation (CCSIM) is combined with the three-step sample method to reconstruct stochastically 3D models of the heterogeneous porous media. Moreover, the two-point and multiple-point connectivity probability functions are used as vertical constraint conditions to select the boundary points of pore and matrix, respectively. The heterogeneities of pore spaces of four rock samples are investigated, and then our methods are tested on the four samples. Quantitative comparison is made by computing various statistical and petrophysical properties for the original samples, as well as the reconstructed model. It was found that the results from CCSIM-TSS are obviously better than that from CCSIM. Finally, the analysis of the distance (ANODI) was used to measure of the variability between the realizations of the four rock samples. The results demonstrated that the results from CCSIM-TSSmp are better than that from CCSIM-TSStp as the complexity of connectivity and heterogeneities of pore spaces increase.