结构分析中的退化壳有限元方法

本文评述了退化壳有限元的现状和发展．首先简要介绍了平板壳有限元和以壳体理论为基础的曲壳有限元,接着介绍了单变量（位移型）退化壳有限元的研究现状,最后介绍了多变量（杂交、混合、拟协调和杂交／混合型）壳有限元．      

应力和位移约束下桁架拓扑优化的有无复合体方法

按照独立连续拓扑变量的思想,将有无复合体模型由构造应力约束问题发展为应力与位移约束问题,用于桁架结构拓扑优化．基于该文提出的位移约束与拓扑变量关系的近似显式,建立了具有应力、位移约束下桁架结构拓扑优化的有无复合体模型,用序列二次规划算法求解．数值结果令人满意．这一工作表明独立连续拓扑变量的提出对于结构拓扑优化的研究是有价值的。     

空间机械臂逆动力学的Liapunov方法

讨论了空间机械臂的逆动力学问题，指出了系统的非完整约束性质．以铰转角为变量的Ｌｉａｐｕｎｏｖ方法由于理论缺陷导致实践中出现计算死点而难以实际应用．文中提出以臂端载荷位形为变量的Ｌｉａｐｕｎｏｖ方法并给出算例，可以保证载荷向预定位形转移的渐近稳定性     

声弹性方法测量金属材料的塑性损伤

本文提出一个利用非线性参数研究材料损伤的声弹性方法．在该方法中定义了一个由二阶和三阶弹性常数所组合的损伤变量．以２０＃钢为例，采用横波声弹性方法测量金属材料的塑性损伤．同时用声速法作了损伤测量．对比两种方法的实验结果表明，新方法是对金属材料塑性损伤测量的有效技术．     

Mindlin中厚板的辛求解方法

在Mindlin板混合能函数的基础上,通过引入混合变量及对混合能变分原理的修正,在全状态下建立了Mindlin板的Hamilton正则方程,进而采用直接法给出了两对边简支板的解析解,并通过具体例题说明了方法的有效性．     

包含两类变量的离散变量桁架结构拓扑优化设计

建立了包含截面和拓扑两类变量的离散变量结构拓扑优化设计的数学模型,该模型考虑了截面变量与拓扑变量间的耦合关系,反映了拓扑优化问题的组合优化本质,可以较好地解决"极限应力"、"最优解的奇异性"等困扰结构拓外优化设计的问题．同时采用相对差商法进行离散变量桁架结构拓扑优化,直接求解包含两类变量的离散变量结构拓扑优化设计数学模型,收到了比较满意的效果．     

一种全耦合多相流分析的并行计算方法

研究了孔隙介质中热、水和汽流全耦合分析的并行计算方法．模型中采用了考虑毛细压力关系的修正有效应力概念,并考虑了相变和潜热传递．基本变量为位移、毛细压力、汽压和温度．并行程序是在国家高性能计算中心（北京）的曙光１０００Ａ上借助ＰＶＭ（ＰａｒａｌｅｌＶｉｒｔｕａｌＭａｃｈｉｎｅ）软件系统实现的,考题显示出较高的并行加速比和效率     

相关情况下可靠性灵敏度分析的矩方法

针对正态变量具有相关性的可靠性灵敏度分析问题,给出了线性极限状态情况下的解析方法及可靠性灵敏度的通用数字模拟算法,并提出了一种高效的矩方法.在所提的矩方法中,相关变量首先被等效转换为不相关的变量,利用转换的不相关变量空间中均值与方差、相关性特征参数的非耦合性,得到了失效概率对相关变量均值的灵敏度,并且通过利用基本变量方差相同时,相关性描述参数与均值、方差的自然解耦,得到了失效概率对相关系数的灵敏度.在所提方法的适用范围内,其精度和效率令人满意.     

两类变量综合处理的结构形状优化设计方法

本文针对截面变量为离散变量为连续变量的结构优化问题提出了一种优化设计的方法,首先将单元内力作一阶近似,利用凝聚函数多约束问题转化了单约束问题。在解过程中,把定义在连续区间上的形状变量看成是在一些离散以值的离工用变量,然后将两类变量统一考虑并利用相对差商法求解。将该算法应用于几个经典的结构优化算例,运算结果显示了该方法是可行的,优化结果也比较满意。     

岩石材料损伤变量与CT数间的关系分析

本文在岩石损伤ＣＴ扫描实验结果的基础上，将岩石材料损伤ＣＴ数和岩石损伤变量联系起来．建立了用损伤ＣＴ数表达岩石材料损伤变量的公式，并和Ｂｅｌｉｏｎ、Ｌｅｍａｉｔｒｅ用材料密度表达的损伤变量公式进行计算分析比较．     

Equations of cylindrical bending of orthotropic plates with arbitrary conditions on their front surfaces

Based on approximations of solutions of elasticity theory equations by Legendre polynomial segments, differential equations for bending of orthotropic plates are constructed. In contrast to equations constructed with the use of kinematic and force hypotheses, the order of these differential equations is independent of the type of conditions on front surfaces. The matrices of the constructed equations depend on the type of boundary conditions. An analytical solution is given for the system of equations in the case with normal and shear stresses being specified on the upper and lower front surfaces.     

Invariants of a Remarkable Family of Nonlinear Equations

In classical literature, invariants of families of differentialequations were considered for linear equations only, e.g. the renownedLaplace invariants for linear hyperbolic partial differential equationsand invariants of linear ordinary differential equations with variablecoefficients. The restriction to linear equations was essential inpioneering works of Cockle, Laguerre, Halphen, andForsyth for tackling the problem of invariants of differentialequations. Lie regretted that these authors did not use advantagesprovided by his theory of infinite continuous groups, but he himself didnot undertake further developments in this direction.Recently, the present author considered the possibility hinted byLie's remark and introduced the infinitesimal technique in thetheory of invariants of families of differential equations thatwas lacking in old methods. In consequence, a simple unifiedapproach was developed for calculation of invariants of algebraicand differential equations independent on the assumption oflinearity of equations. It was employed recently for calculationof Laplace type invariants for parabolic equations. Here, themethod is applied to calculation of invariants for the family ofnonlinear equations appearing in the problem on linearization ofnonlinear ordinary differential equations.     

多体系统动力学方程违约修正的数值计算方法

多体系统动力学方程为微分代数方程,一般将其转化成常微分方程组进行数值计算,在数值积分的过程中约束方程的违约会逐渐增大.本文对具有完整、定常约束的多体系统,在修改的带乘子Lagrange正则形式的方程的基础上,根据Baumgarte提出的违约修正的方法,给出了一种多体系统微分代数方程违约修正法和系统的动力学方程的矩阵表达式.通过对曲柄-滑块机构的数值仿真,计算结果表明本文给出的方法在计算精度和计算效率上好于Baumgarte提出的两种违约修正的方法.     

Diffusional growth of cloud particles: existence and uniqueness of solutions

Diffusional growth of cloud particles is commonly described by a coupled system of parabolic equations and ordinary differential equations. The Dirichlet boundary condition for the parabolic equation is obtained from the solution of the ordinary differential equations, but this solution itself depends on the solution of the parabolic equations. We first present the governing equations describing diffusional growth of cloud particles. In a second step, we consider a simplified model problem, motivated by the diffusional growth equations. The main difference between the simplified model problem and the diffusional growth equations consists in neglecting the dependence of the domain for the parabolic equations on the solution. For the model problem, we show unique solvability using a fixed point method. Finally, we discuss application of the main result for the model problem to the diffusional growth equations and illustrate these equations with the help of a numerical solution.     

Determination of hydrodynamic reactions acting on an oscillating profile

Sedov's equations [1], which make it possible to calculate the total hydrodynamic reactions exerted by an ideal fluid on an oscillating profile, are well known. These equations are expressed by contour integrals containing the complex potential of the unsteady flow past the profile. Certain modifications of these equations are proposed in paper [2]. In this paper, other equations are proposed for the calculation of the same quantities, based on the specification of the tangential velocity component of the fluid along the contour of the oscillating profile. In a number of cases, the application of these equations can be more useful than that of Sedov's equations.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 4, pp. 189–192, July–August, 1985.     

挠性多体系统动力学

本文以递推形式给出了挠性多体系统的动力学方程。此方程具有如下特点:(1)对整个系统而言,方程数目多,但递推的每一步只需要解低维的方程组,从而避免了高维矩阵的求逆,减少了计算量。(2)对不同类型的问题,方程形式具有很高的相似性,便于程序编制,各个需要求逆的矩阵都是对称正定的,这样减少了计算量和计算机内存单元。(3)这种方程形式处理非树形和带有约束条件的系统很方便。     

非Четаев型非完整系统的Lie对称性与守恒量

研究非Четаев型非完整系统的Ｌｉｅ对称性．首先利用微分方程在无限小变换下的不变性建立Ｌｉｅ对称所满足的确定方程和限制方程，给出结构方程并求出守恒量；其次研究上述问题的逆问题：根据已知积分求相应的Ｌｉｅ对称性；最后举例说明结果的应用．     

基于群桩振动方程组的群桩基础阻抗函数求解及比较

本文首先在位移场叠加的基础上,对经典的单桩振动方程进行了修正得到群桩振动方程组;然后根据群桩振动方程组的近似求解,导出了群桩阻抗函数求解的常用方法一群桩阻抗方程方法。本文中给出的群桩阻抗方程方法在具体的表达形式上与常见的阻抗方程计算方法略有差别;而后根据振动方程组系数矩阵在复空间为正规阵的性质,提出了该四阶耦合微分方程组解耦求解的详细步骤,在直接求解微分方程组的基础上给出了群桩基础阻抗计算的一种新方法。与阻抗方程方法相比较,新方法未采用柔度因子来考虑桩与桩之间的相互影响,而是通过耦合的运动方程组对桩与桩之间的相互作用作了新的表述,并且近似地考虑了屏蔽效应。本文最后给出了上述两种计算方法的数值算例。     

On the modal equations of large amplitude flexural vibration of beams,plates, rings and shells

In a simple and straight forward manner the modal equations applicable for the large amplitude flexural vibrations of plates and shells are obtained by the Lagrange's method. These equations can easily be specialised to obtain the corresponding equations applicable for beams and rings. The basic nature of the modal equations for beams and plates on the one hand and rings and shells on the other hand are shown to exhibit hard and soft spring characteristics, respectively.     

A promising boundary element formulation for three‐dimensional viscous flow

In this paper, a new set of boundary‐domain integral equations is derived from the continuity and momentum equations for three‐dimensional viscous flows. The primary variables involved in these integral equations are velocity, traction, and pressure. The final system of equations entering the iteration procedure only involves velocities and tractions as unknowns. In the use of the continuity equation, a complex‐variable technique is used to compute the divergence of velocity for internal points, while the traction‐recovery method is adopted for boundary points. Although the derived equations are valid for steady, unsteady, compressible, and incompressible problems, the numerical implementation is only focused on steady incompressible flows. Two commonly cited numerical examples and one practical pipe flow problem are presented to validate the derived equations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.