含孔系的正交异性半平面应力分析

含孔系的正交异性半平面应力分析高存法，樊蔚勋（东营石油大学，东营２５７０６２）（南京航空学院，２１００１６）关键词螺栓孔系，正交异性半平面，应力分析，复应力函数，Ｆａｂｅｒ级数１引言对于含螺栓承载孔正交异性板应力场问题的研究，目前大多局限于含一个承载...     

正交异性平面内的椭圆孔或裂纹系问题

应用Ｆａｂｅｒ级数展开和各向异性体平面问题复应力函数的方法，对于含有任意个椭圆孔或裂纹的正交异性平面，给出了孔周应力场解或孔附近裂纹应力强度因子解，其特例与前人结果一致．     

用于正交异性材料构件应变、应力测量的OPCM传感元件研究

介绍了由压电陶瓷和树脂材料构成的正交异性压电复合材料（Orthotropic Piezoelectric Composite Material,简称OPCM）应变传感元件的构造及传感原理，推导了粘贴式和埋入式OPCM传感元件测量正交异性材料构件中应力的传感方程。对受平面应力场的作用的正交异性板的表面应力，应变进行了实测研究，并对测试误差进行了分析。     

正交异性板复合型裂纹相对周向应力断裂准则

采用相对周向应力为断裂参数，提出正交异性板任意方向的Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型裂纹的最大相对向应力断裂,准则，应用本准则确定开裂方向角时，能较合理地考虑材料特性的影响。     

含共线双半无限裂纹的正交异性复合材料板平面弹性问题的解析解

运用广义复变函数方法,通过构造适当的广义保角映射研究了含有共线双半无限裂纹的正交异性复合材料板的平面弹性问题,得出了部分裂纹面上受均匀面内载荷时应力场与两裂纹尖端处应力强度因子的解析解。结果表明:应力场的大小不仅与材料的几何构型及外载荷有关,还与材料的弹性常数有关,这是正交异性复合材料不同于各向同性材料的显著特征;两裂纹尖端处应力强度因子的大小只与材料的几何构型及外载荷有关;当两裂纹尖端的距离趋于无穷大时,所得到的解析解可退化为已有的正交异性复合材料板中半无限裂纹问题的解,通过将其与已有文献中的结果进行对比,验证了本文解析解的正确性。并通过数值算例分析了裂纹面上的受载长度、两裂纹尖端的距离对应力强度因子的影响规律以及两裂纹之间的相互作用。     

含两个圆孔的正交异性板孔口补强应力分析

应用数学弹性力学和Ｆａｂｅｒ级数展开的方法，对于含有两个圆孔，且孔周各补强一弹性加强的正交异性板，给出了其在无限元处均布的外力作用下，环及板内的应力场解，其特例与前人结果一致。     

含两个圆孔的正交异性板孔口补强应力分析

应用数学弹性力学和Ｆａｂｅｒ级数展开的方法，对于含有两个圆孔，且孔周各补强一弹性加强环的正交异性板，给出了其在无限远处均布的外力作用下，环及板内的应力场解；其特例与前人结果一致。     

正交异性板条的渐近分析

本文阐明由三维薄弹性体的渐近分析导出各级精度板壳理论的基本方法。将多尺度分析用于板的内部区域和边界层区域导出应力,应变和位移等物理量的不同的无量纲小厚度参数ε的渐近展开式。与工程的方法不同,推导仅基于ε→0的渐近分析,对板的变形不做任何假定。给出正交异性板的平面应变渐近展开的具体列式,仅有一些常数待定。结果表明,内域解渐近级数的首项正是熟知的Kirchhoff板理论解。本文为内域解和边界层解的渐近匹配,从而正确表述圣维南原理并用以建立各级渐近解的边界条件进而求解的研究做好了准备。     

非平面应变状态下的叠层厚壁筒

抛弃任何有关位移或应力模式的人为假设，在轴对称情况下，导出正交异性厚壁筒的状态方程。在沿筒轴方向任意分布的轴对称荷载下，给出叠层厚壁筒静力问题的精确解。此解满足所有弹性力学基本方程，包含了全部弹性常数，可满足任意精度要求。数值结果和ＳＡＰ５有限元解进行了对比。     

光弹法实测正交异性双材料界面裂纹断裂参数

采用光弹贴片法实测正交异性双材料界面裂纹尖端区域的应力应变场, 进而求出界面裂纹的断裂力学参量. 将正交异性双材料板加工成拉伸试件,在聚碳酸酯贴片 的单侧表面镀金属铝膜,以提高贴片的反射效率. 沿贴片后的双材料界面预制裂缝,逐渐加 大载荷,得到一系列清晰的等差线条纹图. 利用正交异性双材料界面裂纹尖端应力分量表达 式计算出应力强度因子. 实验表明,光弹贴片法可有效地分析正交异性双材料界面裂纹问题.     

压电介质二维边界积分方程中的基本解

由于压电介质的变形－电场耦合效应及压电响应的各向异性，使解析求解压电介质问题的工作变量十分复杂，若采用边界元数值方法求解，必须具备积分方程中的基本解，本文根据电磁场方程及连续介质力学的耦合性质论层出了二维无限域中分别在单位力及单位电荷载作用下的位移场，电势场、应力场和电位移场的解，从而确立了边界积分方程中所必需的八个基本解。     

G. N. Savin and the Lviv school of mechanics

Fragments of the development of the Lviv school of mechanics in the early postwar years (1945–1952) and the role of Academician G. N. Savin in its establishment are highlighted. Much attention is given to the scientific achievements of Savin in solid mechanics, including solutions to fundamental and applied problems of stress concentration around holes in plates and shells. Mention is also made of original solutions to some problems in mechanics that stimulated solution of new fundamental and applied problems in solid mechanics and engineering and establishment and development of the Lviv school of mechanics __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 16–36, January 2007.     

任意多椭圆孔多裂纹无限大板的应力强度因子与M积分

基于弹性力学中平面问题的复势方法,应用保角映射技术,以Faber级数为工具,导出含任意多椭圆孔及裂纹群无限大板在任意载荷作用下其应力场和位移场的级数解,并在此基础上计算了任意多裂纹板的应力强度因子和M积分,数值结果表明,该方法具有计算精度高、收敛速度快、方便快捷等解析法特有的优点。通过算例分析了不同裂纹倾角时M积分值随载荷方向的变化关系,并讨论了裂纹长度、裂纹间距及裂纹倾角等参数对应力强度因子的影响规律,获得了一些重要结论.     

Damage and self-similarity in fracture

Consider applications of damage mechanics to material failure. The damage variable introduced in damage mechanics quantifies the deviation of a brittle solid from linear elasticity. An analogy between the metastable behavior of a stressed brittle solid and the metastable behavior of a superheated liquid is established. The nucleation of microcracks is analogous to the nucleation of bubbles in the superheated liquid. In this paper we have applied damage mechanics to four problems. The first is the instantaneous application of a constant stress to a brittle solid. The results are verified by applying them to studies of the rupture of chipboard and fiberglass panels. We then obtain a solution for the evolution of damage after the instantaneous application of a constant strain. It is shown that the subsequent stress relaxation can reproduce the modified Omori’s law for the temporal decay of aftershocks following an earthquake. Obtained also are the solutions for application of constant rates of stress and strain. A fundamental question is the cause of the time delay associated with damage and microcracks. It is argued that the microcracks themselves cause random fluctuations similar to the thermal fluctuations associated with phase changes.     

与界面垂直相触的三维裂纹的超奇异积分方程和奇性指数

本文使用有限部积分原理和两相材料空间弹性力学问题的点力基本解导出了与界面垂直相触的三维平片解纹的超奇异积分方程组;     

岩土类颗粒物质宏-细观力学研究进展

岩土类颗粒物质在自然界、工程建设以及日常生活中普遍存在,其运动特性的研究在力学界已经开展了几十年.在近20年开展的一系列小尺寸物理实验中,颗粒物质表现出许多新奇现象,人们从物理角度开展了系统研究,在统计力学中,颗粒固体的流体动力学等理论研究以及实验检测技术等方面都取得突破性进展,深刻地揭示了颗粒材料的物理机制,促使力学...     

SURFACE STRESS EFFECT IN MECHANICS OF NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS

This review article summarizes the advances in the surface stress effect in mechanics of nanostructured elements,including nanoparticles,nanowires,nanobeams,and nanofilms,and heterogeneous materials containing nanoscale inhomogeneities.It begins with the fundamental formulations of surface mechanics of solids,including the definition of surface stress as a surface excess quantity,the surface constitutive relations,and the surface equilibrium equations.Then,it depicts some theoretical and experimental studies of the mechanical properties of nanostructured elements,as well as the static and dynamic behaviour of cantilever sensors caused by the surface stress which is influenced by adsorption.Afterwards,the article gives a summary of the analytical elasto-static and dynamic solutions of a single as well as multiple inhomogeneities embedded in a matrix with the interface stress prevailing.The effect of surface elasticity on the diffraction of elastic waves is elucidated.Due to the difficulties in the analytical solution of inhomogeneities of complex shapes and configurations,finite element approaches have been developed for heterogeneous materials with the surface stress.Surface stress and surface energy are inherently related to crack propagation and the stress field in the vicinity of crack tips.The solutions of crack problems taking into account surface stress effects are also included.Predicting the effective elastic and plastic responses of heterogeneous materials while taking into account surface and interface stresses has received much attention.The advances in this topic are inevitably delineated.Mechanics of rough surfaces appears to deserve special attention due to its theoretical and practical implications.Some most recent work is reviewed.Finally,some challenges are pointed out.They include the characterization of surfaces and interfaces of real nanomaterials,experimental measurements and verification of mechanical parameters of complex surfaces,and the effects of the physical and chemical processes on the surface properties,etc.     

曲面物理和力学：最佳基本微分算子对

曲面物理和力学中有两个独立的基本微分算子(即"基本微分算子对"). 本文综述如下主题：在所有的基本微分算子对中,经典梯度▽(···) 和形状梯度▽ (···) 的配对[[▽,▽]] 是最佳的. 具体内容包括：(1)基本微分算子对的形式并不唯一;(2) 内积的可交换性确立了[[▽,▽]] 优于其他基本微分算子对的"最佳" 地位;(3) 基于[[▽,▽]] 可以最佳地构造曲面物理和力学的高阶标量微分算子,因而[[▽,▽]] 是构造曲面物理和力学微分方程的最佳"基本砖块";(4) [[▽,▽]] 在软物质曲面物理和力学中普遍存在.     

三维间断位移法及强奇异和超奇异积分的处理方法

从积分方程Somigliana等式出发,导出三维状态下单位位错集度的基本解.在此基础上,建立了边界积分方程,并给出了其离散形式.对强奇异和超奇异积分,采用了Hadamard定义的有限部分积分来处理.最后,给出了计算裂纹应力强度因子的算例,并与解析解进行了比较,证实了该方法的有效性.     

Self-similar solutions in the problem of generalized vortex diffusion

The analysis of the group properties and the search for self-similar solutions in problems of mathematical physics and continuum mechanics have always been of interest, both theoretical and applied [1–3]. Self-similar solutions of parabolic problems that depend only on a variable of the type η = x/√t are classical fundamental solutions of the one-dimensional linear and nonlinear heat conduction equations describing numerous physical phenomena with initial discontinuities on the boundary [4]. In this study, the term “generalized vortex diffusion” is introduced in order to unify the different processes in mechanics modeled by these problems. Here, vortex layer diffusion and vortex filament diffusion in a Newtonian fluid [5] can serve as classical hydrodynamic examples. The cases of self-similarity with respect to the variable η are classified for fairly general kinematics of the processes, physical nonlinearities of the medium, and types of boundary conditions at the discontinuity points. The general initial and boundary value problem thus formulated is analyzed in detail for Newtonian and non-Newtonian power-law fluids and a medium similar in behavior to a rigid-ideally plastic body. New self-similar solutions for the shear stress are derived.