基于流形切空间插值的折叠翼参数化气动弹性建模

变体飞行器的气动弹性力学建模是当前先进飞行器设计的研究热点和难点. 然而传统的气动弹性动力学建模方法对于具有结构参变特性的变体飞行器气动弹性力学研究存在建模效率低、计算复杂等问题. 本研究提出了一种基于流形切空间插值的可折叠式变体机翼参数化气动弹性建模方法. 首先, 该方法建立若干个典型折叠角下的折叠翼结构有限元模型, 通过流形切空间插值方法建立折叠翼参数化结构动力学模型. 其次, 采用偶极子网格法得到参数化非定常气动力模型, 进而建立气动和结构相互耦合的折叠翼参数化气动弹性模型. 为了验证该参数化建模方法在折叠翼气动弹性分析中的准确性, 本文以一小展弦比折叠翼为研究对象, 从折叠翼自由振动时的参变模态特性、颤振边界预测两方面进行了算例验证, 并与直接计算方法进行了对比, 进一步验证了参数化气动弹性模型的有效性. 研究结果表明, 该参数化气动弹性模型对上述两类问题的计算精度与直接计算方法一致, 并且有着计算效率更高的优势.      

基于随机森林算法的非定常气动力建模研究

针对现有的非定常气动力建模方法对气动弹性预测的准确性和效率问题,将随机森林算法引入非定常气动力建模研究领域,构建了基于随机森林算法的非定常气动力降阶模型。将所得模型用于预测气动弹性,选择二维NACA0012翼型进行颤振边界的预测,选用NACA64A010翼型预测LCO特性,并说明了该降阶模型建模的详细过程,将其计算结果与CFD/CSD耦合计算结果及试验结果进行了对比。研究结果表明,该模型可行、高效且精确,可以快速准确地预测飞行器气动弹性特性。     

人体上肢运动学动力学建模与仿真技术的研究

根据多体动力学原理,以人体解剖学为基础,对人体上肢进行建模,推导了其动力学和运动学方程,建立了人体上肢四刚体四自由度动力学模型,运用多系统动力学软件ADAMS,结合UG建模功能,对人体上肢动力学和运动学特性进行了分析计算,对人体上肢收臂翻掌过程的运动进行了仿真,并将计算结果与实测数据进行了对比,验证了模型的正确性和有效性。     

基于ANSYS ACP的复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合计算方法

针对复合材料螺旋桨的流固耦合水弹性行为,为形成双向耦合的集成平台,对复合材料螺旋桨进行了流固耦合计算方法的研究。在ANSYS Workbench平台中,采用ACP模块对复合材料螺旋桨的建模进行了分析,介绍了复合材料螺旋桨的建模流程、流体计算模型和固体计算模型。通过静态加载试验对复合材料螺旋桨建模方法的可靠性进行了验证,计算值与试验值的偏差在5.1%以内,且反映出材料的各向异性。通过空泡水洞模型试验对复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合敞水性能计算方法的精确度进行了验证,在转速为12.7r/s和25r/s两个工况下计算的推力和扭矩与试验值吻合较好。验证了基于ANSYS ACP的复合材料螺旋桨稳态流固耦合计算方法合理可行,为复合材料螺旋桨的流固耦合振动特性分析提供了参考。     

穿甲燃烧弹侵彻陶瓷复合装甲和玻璃复合装甲的FEM-SPH耦合计算模型

为了提高小口径穿甲燃烧弹侵彻陶瓷复合装甲和玻璃复合装甲（透明装甲）的仿真分析精度,本文将传统的FEM（finite element method）-SPH（smooth particle hydrodynamics）耦合计算模型中穿甲燃烧弹弹芯的有限元模型和JC（Johnson-Cook）材料模型分别替换为SPH模型和JH2（Johnson-Holmquist-ceramics）材料模型,提出了新型FEM-SPH耦合计算模型。研究表明,新型FEM-SPH耦合计算模型可以有效模拟弹芯碎裂现象,减少SPH粒子和有限元耦合计算量,进而显著提高仿真模型的计算精度和计算效率,并给出了新型FEM-SPH耦合计算模型的有限元/粒子尺度和建模尺寸的优选结果。     

航空发动机模拟机匣动力学模型修正研究

针对有限元建模中由于各种误差(如建模误差等)会给计算结果精度带来影响的问题,提出了一种利用模型修正来提高有限元计算结果精度的方法。首次使用了一阶优化方法,以所测试的模态频率和振型为参考,对有限元模型进行修正。首先,以某航空发动机模拟机匣为研究对象,对其进行模态测试,得到其模态频率和振型。然后,以机匣的前10阶计算模态频率与测试模态频率之间误差最小为优化目标,使用Nastran软件对各部件有限元模型中单元的弹性模量进行了修正,并计算了模型修正前后的机匣模态频率和振型,同时与测试模态频率和振型进行对比。结果表明,修正后的有限元模型计算结果与测试结果吻合良好,二者模态振型一致,模态频率的最大误差不超过1%。由此说明修正弹性模量的模型修正方法合理、可行,适用于工程上大型复杂结构的有限元准确建模。     

静电陀螺伺服测漂数据处理方法研究

静电陀螺仪通常用于空间稳定系统中,因此用伺服法进行漂移测试和建模具有现实意义。本文讨论了一种静电陀螺伺服测漂数据处理的方法,对三次伺服测漂试验数据进行了分析和处理。考虑到伺服测漂中失调角甚小,采用简化常值漂移模型,参数估计采用离散卡尔曼滤波以提高精度,并用时间序列分析法建立随机漂移模型。拟合结果表明,上述方法对建立和辨识高精度静电陀螺漂移模型具有较高精度。     

基于Huth方法的民机气动弹性改进建模方法

使用高仿真精度和高计算效率的有限元模型进行飞机颤振边界预测具有重要意义．本文提出了基于Huth紧固件柔度计算方法的民机气动弹性模型的改进建模方法，计及了固定前缘的刚度及其与机翼盒段之间的弹性效应，建立了全机气动弹性模型并进行了固有特性和颤振特性分析．分析结果与全机地面共振试验、风洞试验结果的偏差均在±1 %以内，分析时长与现有模型基本保持不变，验证了改进建模方法的有效性．     

基于弹性力学第一性原理的数据驱动力学建模

提出了一种基于弹性力学第一性原理的数据驱动力学建模方法,其能够从基于弹性力学方程的数值计算结果建立简洁且能准确捕捉变形机制的力学模型。基于有限元计算得到的高精度数据和无监督数据驱动控制方程识别方法Seq-SVF,从梁的载荷和位移数据中自动识别出了Timoshenko梁形式的弯曲控制微分方程,得到了三种不同加载条件下剪切影响系数关于结构尺寸和力学参数的函数表达式。揭示了经典模型适用的加载条件,同时还给出了一种未发现的新模型。通过将基于弹性力学的第一性原理计算与数据驱动范式相结合,克服了传统建模方法的局限性和对人类经验的强依赖性,为建立简洁的力学模型提供了一种新途径。     

近场动力学与有限元的混合建模方法

综述了近场动力学与有限元混合建模方法的研究进展,阐明了各种混合建模方法的基本原理与特点,并重点介绍本课题组在近场动力学与有限元方法混合建模方面的研究工作。现有近场动力学与有限元混合建模方法包括位移协调约束、力耦合、混合函数方法以及子模型方法等,除子模型方法外,都可归结为并行式多尺度分析方法,其基本思想是将计算结构划分为近场动力学子域、有限元子域以及两者的交界区域(或重叠区域、或界面单元、或过渡区域)。子模型方法可归结为显-显分析方法,先采用显式有限元进行整体分析,后采用近场动力学方法对重点区域进行分析。混合建模方法需要着重提高交界区域的计算精度,并且消除虚假力和虚假应力波问题。提出了通过力耦合的近场动力学与有限元混合建模的隐式分析方法,该方法不再设置重叠区,通过杆单元连接近场动力学子域与有限元子域,其中界面上的有限元结点不仅与其所在单元的其他结点发生作用,还通过杆单元与以其为圆心、一定半径的圆域内的其他物质点相互作用。研究表明,本文提出的混合模型和求解方法既能有效解决裂纹扩展等不连续问题,又可提高计算效率,为工程结构破坏问题的计算分析提供一种有效方法。     

A robust approach to demodulating and unwrapping phase-stepped photoelastic data

New algorithms are proposed for processing wrapped isochromatic and isoclinic fringe data generated by the digital photoelastic technique of phase-stepping. The new algorithms are based on processing areas rather than individual pixels to demodulate the data and employing quality assessments of the data to guide the unwrapping procedure. Comparisons with an existing algorithm, manual analysis, and finite element modeling have been used to demonstrate that the new approach is more robust without any reduction in speed or accuracy. This represents a significant advance for processing complex fringe patterns, which are often encountered in the aerospace industry from which the exemplars are drawn.     

基于实体造型的三维有限元网格自动剖分

本文叙述了用八叉树法对三维实体进行有限元网格自动剖分算法的设计和实现。本文的算法对传统的八叉树法进行了一系列的改进，包括新型数据结构的建立，对八叉树结点属性判断算法的改进，边界结点体处理方法的改进等。使得本文的算法既保持了传统算法中自动化程度高、层次结构分明、适于再进行网格加密等特点，又克服了其所需存贮空间大、执行速度慢、边界处理复杂、边界单元形状质量不好等缺点，使算法的实现取得了令人满意的结果     

Finite element modeling of crystal plasticity with grains shaped as truncated octahedrons

Different modeling strategies are tested for the prediction of texture development and microscopic strain heterogeneity in cold-rolled ULC steel and in multiphase steel under uniaxial tension. The polycrystalline aggregate is represented by a finite element mesh that is loaded under periodic boundary conditions. Grains are shaped as cubes or as truncated octahedrons, defining three levels of mesh refinement. Simulations rely on a simplified implementation of crystal plasticity, in which elastic strains are considered infinitesimal. The constitutive law is integrated fully implicitly in a reference frame bounded to the crystal lattice. Accuracy of the time-integration procedure is assessed by referring to some predictions of the crystal plasticity algorithm developed by Kalidindi et al. [Crystallographic texture evolution in bulk deformation processing of FCC metals. J. Mech. Phys. Solid 40 (1992) 537–569]. Then, results of the micro–macro modeling are compared to experimental data. It is found that the simulations with truncated octahedral grains yield improved predictions compared to those with cuboidal grains.     

Modeling and correction of peak-locking in digital PIV

The systematic tendency of PIV evaluations to bias towards integral pixel values is known as peak-locking. These errors, although small, significantly affect the statistics extracted from such measurements. In this paper, the process by which such errors accrue is modeled, and a scheme for the removal of the same is suggested. Specifically, the modeling process considers FFT PIV with discrete window offset. The results are applied to actual situations and the results are found to be encouraging. The process is computationally inexpensive, and can be applied as a post processing technique to existing data to correct peak-locking.     

多体系统动力学求解与动画输出的并行处理

在介绍了多体系统动力学的建模方法及数值仿真的原理之后，着重介绍如何利用局域网的技术，在多台计算机之间实现数值求解和动画计算与输出的并行处理。用一个柔性索动力学仿真算例，论证了该技术的可行性，为多体系统动力学仿真的并行处理打下了基础。     

Heterogeneous deformation and spall of an extruded tungsten alloy: plate impact experiments and crystal plasticity modeling

The role of microstructure in the dynamic deformation and fracture of a dual phase, polycrystalline tungsten alloy under high-rate impact loading is investigated via experiments and modeling. The material studied consists of pure tungsten crystals embedded in a ductile binder alloy comprised of tungsten, nickel, and iron. The tungsten crystals are elongated in a preferred direction of extrusion during processing. Plate impact tests were conducted on samples oriented either perpendicular or parallel to the extrusion direction. Spatially resolved interferometric data from these tests were used to extract wave propagation behavior and spall strength dependent upon position in the sample microstructure. Finite element simulations of impact and spall in digitally reproduced microstructural geometries were conducted in parallel with the experiments. Finite deformation crystal plasticity theory describes the behavior of the pure tungsten and binder phases, and a stress- and temperature-based cohesive zone model captures fracture at grain and phase boundaries in the microstructure. In results from both experiments and modeling, the grain orientations affect the free-surface velocity profile and spall behavior. Some aspects of distributions of free-surface velocity and spall strength among different microstructure configurations are qualitatively similar between experimental and numerical results, while others are not as a result of differing scales of resolution and modeling assumptions. Following a comparison of experimental and numerical results for different microstructures, intergranular fracture is identified as an important mechanism underlying the spall event.     

Complete integrability of the equations of motion of a spatial pendulum in a medium flow with rotational derivatives of the torque produced by the medium taken into account

We construct a nonlinearmodel of the mediumaction on a rigid body taking into account the dependence of the force arm on the reduced angular velocity of the body. In this case, the moment of the action force itself is also a function of the angle of attack. As experimental data processing for the motion of homogeneous circular cylinders in water has shown, it is necessary to take these facts into account in modeling.Studying the model of interaction between the spatial pendulum and the medium, we found a new case of complete integrability in elementary functions. This allowed us to find several qualitative analogies between the motions of bodies that are free in the resisting environment and the oscillations of bodies partially fixed in the homogeneous flow of incoming medium.     

Suspension-based rheological modeling of crystallizing polymer melts

The applicability of suspension models to polymer crystallization is discussed. Although direct numerical simulations of flowing particle-filled melts are useful for gaining understanding about the rheological phenomena involved, they are computationally expensive. A more coarse-grained suspension model, which can relate the parameters in a constitutive equation for the two-phase material to morphological features, such as the volume fractions of differently shaped crystallites and the rheological properties of both phases, will be more practical in numerical polymer processing simulations. General issues, concerning the modeling of linear and nonlinear viscoelastic phenomena induced by rigid and deformable particles, are discussed. A phenomenological extension of linear viscoelastic suspension models into the nonlinear regime is proposed. A number of linear viscoelastic models for deformable particles are discussed, focusing on their possibilities in the context of polymer crystallization. The predictions of the most suitable model are compared to direct numerical simulation results and experimental data.     

车用发动机自动张紧器静态力学特性实测分析

自动张紧器是发动机前端附件驱动系统(front and accessory drive, FEAD)中,用于减小张紧轮两侧带段张力波动和带段横向振动位移的主要零部件之一. 张紧器的静态力学特性的评价参数包括张紧器的静刚度、初始扭矩和阻尼系数. 介绍了张紧器力-位移曲线的实验方法,以及张紧器扭矩-角位移曲线、性能评价参数的求解方法. 张紧器静态力学特性实测数据,为FEAD 系统静态、动态特性计算提供数据基础. 实验方法为类似旋转运动件的扭转静刚度测试提供参考.