CFRP索斜拉桥的索-浅拱模型及面内自由振动分析

本文针对斜拉桥的受力特点,基于索和浅拱的经典动力学运动方程,结合拉索与浅拱之间的耦合边界条件,并且考虑两者的几何非线性,建立了斜拉桥的多索-浅拱面内自由振动模型。将浅拱分段处理,结合索、浅拱连接处的动态平衡条件,应用分离变量法,建立多索-浅拱模型的面内自由振动理论。以双索浅拱模型为例,求解其特征值问题。同时,建立了相应的有限元模型,有限元计算结果与本文理论分析吻合良好。最后针对CFRP索斜拉桥的关键参数,基于本文的索-浅拱理论,对面内自由振动进一步研究。研究表明：浅拱的矢高在一定范围内变化,仅对某一阶频率产生影响,而其他各阶频率几乎没影响;CFRP拉索能显著改善索-浅拱组合结构的基本动力学特性。     

谐波激励下斜拉桥面内非线性振动试验研究

斜拉桥拉索的振动问题一直是桥梁工程领域的研究热点。为揭示拉索大幅振动的力学机理，课题组建立了斜拉桥的全桥精细化模型，本文测试和研究了单频激励下的斜拉桥可能的非线性振动行为。首先，通过自由振动试验测试了模型的模态参数，并与两类有限元模型（OECS模型和MECS模型）进行对比，结果吻合良好。其次，试验研究了在单个竖向简谐激励下斜拉桥模型的非线性响应。研究发现：当激励频率与斜拉桥某阶全局模态频率接近时，主梁产生主共振，并引起多根长索产生大幅的参强振动；当激励频率与某根斜拉索面内一阶频率之比为1：2或者2：1时，可以观测到索中产生超谐波和亚谐波共振现象。     

预应力混凝土斜拉桥空间非线性恒载索力优化

本文建立了斜拉桥索力优化的非线性规划模型,其中以斜拉桥主梁和索塔的弯曲应变能为目标函数,以各斜拉索的索力为设计变量,结构应力及索力为约束条件,采用一阶分析法进行求解,用以确定成桥合理状态的索力。在计算中,考虑大跨度斜拉桥各种几何非线性因素的影响,并列出了优化模型的具体表达式及优化过程中的关键求解策略。应用该法和空间非线性有限元分析程序分析了某大跨度预应力混凝土斜拉桥的合理成桥状态,计算结果表明:该方法简单、有效。     

交通载荷作用下跨海桥梁-电缆组合结构随机振动分析

电缆沿桥跨海铺设是海缆铺设的一种新的形式, 针对由汽车和列车交通载荷诱发的沿跨海桥梁敷设电缆的振动问题, 建立了桥梁-电缆的整体组合结构分析模型, 将汽车和列车的作用载荷简化为移动的随机集中载荷序列, 发展虚拟激励法(pseudo-excitation method, PEM)用于分析移动随机载荷作用下电缆位移和应力响应的标准差及演变功率谱 (power spectral density, PSD), 并研究了汽车和列车运行速度对电缆动力响应标准差的影响. PEM将移动随机载荷问题转化为特定频率简谐移动载荷作用下的动力响应分析, 能够计算得到与Monte Carlo (MC) 方法非常吻合的电缆动力响应标准差, 但所需的时域响应分析次数远少于MC方法. 数值结果表明, 随着汽车和列车运行速度的提升, 电缆位移和应力标准差呈现增大的趋势; 在汽车和列车交通载荷作用下, 铝护套的位移标准差和功率谱的值比缆芯要大, 这可能会使得电缆的疲劳破坏首先发生在铝护套层, 本文工作对电缆沿桥跨海铺设实际工程具有一定的借鉴意义.      

On the aerostatic divergence of suspension bridges: A cable-length-based criterion for the stiffness degradation

Motions of a suspension bridge immersed in turbulent wind flows, including both mean and stochastic, can under certain conditions lead to the degradation of the structure׳s torsional stiffness and ensuing aerodynamic torsional divergence (ATD). It is the incompressibility of the main cables that determines their effectiveness as supporting members be limited in a tension state, and dropping out of either one cable from a tension state could result in the vanish of the torsional stiffness contributed by the whole cable system. Although the physical conception is quite explicit, evaluation of the critical threshold of ATD of a suspension bridge, when experiencing stochastic aerodynamic responses, can be complicated by the deformations of the towers, the lateral oscillations of the deck and cables, and other high-order modes participating in the vibration. In view of this, a criterion based on the tracking of the length of the main cables is presented in this study. It is shown that, with the numerical example, the advent of ATD, the degradation of the system׳s stiffness, as well as some striking post-ATD behaviors, can be well explained with the proposed model by tracking the cable lengths.     

斜拉桥合理成桥状态确定的一阶分析法

本文建立了斜拉桥索力优化的非线性规划模型，其中以斜拉桥主梁和索塔的弯曲应变能为目标函数，以各斜拉索的索力为设计变量，结构的应力及索力为约束条件，采用一阶分析法进行求解，用以确定成桥合理状态的索力。在计算中，考虑大跨度斜拉桥各种几何非线性因素的影响，并列出了优化模型的具体表达式及优化过程中的关键求解策略。应用该法和空间非线性有限元分析程序分析了某千米级斜拉桥方案的合理成桥状态，计算结果表明：该方法简单、有效。     

Planar nonlinear dynamic analysis of cable-stayed bridge considering support stiffness

Support stiffness is one of important factors on structure dynamics. Considering the vertical support stiffness, a multi-cable-stayed shallow-arch model of the cable-stayed bridge is established. Its differential equation governing the planar motion of cables and the shallow arch and the boundary conditions are derived by Hamilton’s principle. Firstly, the in-plane free vibration of the system is explored in order to find the modal functions and the possible internal resonances of nonlinear dynamics. Then, the 1:2:2 internal resonance among the different modes of the shallow arch and two cables are investigated by the multiple time scale method and pseudo-arclength algorithm. Meanwhile, the frequency-/force–response curves are used to explore the nonlinear behaviors of the system, especially the influence of vertical support stiffness, excitation frequency and amplitude on the internal resonance of the system is considered. To a certain extent, the support stiffness can reduce the response amplitudes of members by absorbing some energy from excitation.

     

斜拉桥合理成桥状态确定的序列二次规划法

本文首先介绍斜拉桥合理成桥状态的概念和现有的斜拉桥索力优化方法。然后基于序列二次规划(SQP)算法，提出了一种用于确定斜拉桥成桥合理状态的实用方法，序列二次规划法。该方法通过建立斜拉桥索力优化的非线性规划模型，以斜拉桥主梁和索塔的弯曲应变能为目标函数，以各斜拉索的索力为设计变量，结构的应力和索力为约束条件，并计人大跨度斜拉桥各种几何非线性因素的影响，采用强次可行序列二次规划法进行优化求解，确定斜拉桥成桥合理状态的索力。运用该方法和空间非线性有限元分析程序分析了某斜拉桥的合理成桥状态，计算结果表明该方法简单、有效。     

基于P-M谱的波浪荷载数值模拟及其对跨海斜拉桥的冲击响应规律研究

针对深水桥梁在海洋中面对波浪的冲击问题,以某跨海斜拉桥为例,设定P-M谱为目标谱,依据Welch算法对海浪功率谱进行验证,基于以上理论采用fluent软件建立数值波浪水槽,根据重现期为10年、50年和100年分别计算对应的波高为6.4 m,7.2 m和9.6 m的波浪力,并将波浪力导入斜拉桥进行动力响应计算。综合分析大桥的动力响应, 结果表明,(1) 纵桥向波浪力是由横桥向波浪冲击桥墩出现绕射效应而产生,所以斜拉桥所受横桥向波浪力远大于纵桥向波浪力;(2) 随着波高的增大,斜拉桥的动力响应峰值逐渐增大,主跨跨中和塔顶动力响应峰值随波高的增长率最快,次边跨跨中动力响应峰值随波高的增长率次之,边跨跨中动力响应峰值随波高的增长率最慢;(3) 随着波浪荷载的增大,塔顶横向位移响应增幅显著,塔顶位移响应峰值最大达到0.0598 m。相关研究对大跨度深水桥梁的设计和动力分析有一定的参考意义。     

斜拉桥索力优化的强次可行序列二次规划法

提出了一种斜拉桥索力优化的实用方法-强次可行序列二次规划法. 该方法通过建立斜拉 桥索力优化的非线性规划模型，以主梁和索塔的弯曲应变能为目标函数，斜拉索的索力为设 计变量，结构应力和索力为约束条件，计入大跨度斜拉桥各种几何非线性因素的影响，采用 强次可行序列二次规划算法进行优化求解，确定斜拉桥成桥合理状态的索力. 运用该方法对 某斜拉桥进行索力优化，结果表明该方法简单、有效.     

Numerical Fluid Flow Analysis for Aerodynamic Response Characteristics of Tandem Circular Cylinders

The aerodynamic characteristics of tandem cables of cable-stayed bridges have become an increasingly serious problem with increments in span length. In order to reduce the construction cost and maintenance of cables, tandem cables have been adopted for cable-stayed bridges. These cables, however, have aerodynamic response characteristics such as wake-galloping. Therefore, a method to suppress wake-galloping in tandem cables is required. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the wake-galloping phenomenon of tandem cables of cable-stayed bridges using numerical fluid flow analysis. The flow around the oscillating tandem circular cylinders modeled on tandem cables is calculated. The flow field is treated as an incompressible viscous flow. The Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) method is employed to solve the flow field around the cylinders, and the three-step Taylor-Galerkin method, which is based on a fractional step finite element method, is adopted for discretization.     

基于首超破坏机制的大跨斜拉桥抖振动力可靠性分析

分别采用泊松分布和马尔可夫过程，给出了在一次强风作用下以及在设计基准期内桥梁结构某一特定截面或节点的抖振动力可靠性分析方法。然后，考虑斜拉桥的结构特点及其承受风荷栽的具体情况，确定了以斜拉桥的主梁系统为研究对象的结构体系抖振动力可靠性分析模型。在此基础上，采用串联失效模式，建立了斜拉桥主梁系统抖振动力可靠性分析过程。本文采用有限元法分析结构的空气静力响应。为了快速、准确地计算结构的抖振响应，考虑气弹力与抖振力的联合作用以及多模态耦合效应，采用有限元法和虚拟激励法相结合分析结构的抖振响应。最后，以某大跨斜拉桥为工程背景，对其主梁系统进行了基于刚度要求的抖振动力可靠性分析。     

基于广义卡尔曼滤波的桥梁结构物理参数识别

基于广义卡尔曼滤波提出了随机荷载作用下桥梁结构物理参数的识别方法。首先,以荷载为观测对象,推导出基于有限元模型的桥梁结构系统的观测方程,以结构待识别的物理参数为状态向量,建立系统状态方程;然后,对该状态方程和观测方程构成的非线性参数系统应用广义卡尔曼滤波,从而识别出结构的物理参数。对一座简支梁桥和一座三跨连续梁桥在不同工况下的物理参数识别进行了数值仿真,结果表明本文方法能够准确地识别桥梁结构全部刚度参数、质量参数和阻尼参数,且具有很强的抗噪性能,从而验证了本文方法的有效性和鲁棒性,可应用于识别大型桥梁结构的物理参数。     

紊流对悬索桥动力特性的影响

文章研究了在风激励下,风中紊流对悬索桥动力特性的影响.悬索桥被处理为一个同时存在有两个相互耦合的振动模态的线性结构.当风高速吹桥时,风中的紊流可认为是一个宽带噪声,因此系统的响应是一个近似的马尔柯夫过程.运用随机平均法,可解出一组伊藤统计微分方程——从而确定系统运动稳定性条件.与只考虑一个振动模态的数学模型相比,本文结论更接近于实验结果.     

Amplitude stochastic response of Rayleigh beams to randomly moving loads

We consider the problem of the nonlinear response of a Rayleigh beam to the passage of a train of forces moving with stochastic velocity. The Fourier transform and the theory of residues are used to estimate the mean square amplitude of the beam, while the stochastic averaging method gives the stationary probability density function of the oscillations amplitude. The analysis shows that the effect of the load random velocities is highly nonlinear, leading to a nonmonotonic behavior of the mean amplitude versus the intensity of the stochastic term and of the load weight. The analytic approach is also checked with numerical simulations. The effect of loads number on the system response is numerically investigated.     

确定斜拉桥索力的有约束优化方法

本文建立了斜拉桥索力调整的非线性规划模型,其中以斜拉桥梁和索塔的拉压及弯曲应变能为目标函数,以结构的位移,弯矩及索力为约束,采用梯度投影法进行求解用以确定成桥合理状态的索力。     

斜拉桥主梁振动对拉索阻尼器减振效果的影响

应用拉索索端阻尼器是大跨度斜拉桥拉索减振的主要措施之一. 将主梁、索与阻尼器组合起来作为一个振动体系,通过理论分析与试验研究相结合的方法初步研究了主梁振动对拉索附加阻尼器减振效果的影响. 建立了由索、梁和Kelvin阻尼器组成的简化理论模型; 设计了索、梁和阻尼器组合系统的简化力学试验模型; 详细研究了主梁振动对拉索附加阻尼器减振效果的影响. 理论与试验分析结果表明: 对于容易发生索、梁耦合振动的拉索,主梁振动明显降低拉索附加阻尼器的减振效果;在大跨度斜拉桥拉索的减振设计中,需考虑主梁参与振动的影响.      

In-plane non-linear dynamics of the stay cables

Stay cables used in cable-stayed bridge and cable-stayed arch bridge are prone to vibration due to their inherent susceptibility to external deflection. The present work is devoted to the mitigation of a stay cable from the point of view of its nonlinear dynamics. The Galerkin integral, multiple scales perturbation method, and numerical techniques are applied to analyze the primary and subharmonic resonances of the stay cable. The nonlinear dynamic response of the stay cable subjected to parametrical and forced excitations is investigated numerically. The effects of some key parameters of the stay cable, such as initial tension force, damping and inclination angle, and the excitation frequency and amplitude are discussed. The carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) cable is also studied to understand the effect of the material properties of cable. The results show that these parameters have a considerable effect on the dynamic behavior of the cable. In particular, unreasonable tension force and inclination angle of stay cable may cause excessive vibration. It is suggested that CFRP cable replaces steel cable, which can mitigate the vibration of a stay cable.     

大跨度斜拉桥环境振动试验与分析

桥梁环境振动试验具有简单方便和花费少等优点。以青洲闽江大跨度斜拉桥为背景,介绍了通车前全桥环境激励动力试验,采用频域峰值法和时域随机子空间识别得到了该桥的基准的动力学特性,并与三维有限元模型计算结果进行了比较,二者吻合良好。结果表明环境振动响应足以识别出该桥所感兴趣的模态,结果可作为该桥的有限元模型修正、损伤检测、使用状态评估和健康监测的基础。     

Acoustic emission monitoring of carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer bridge stay cables in large-scale testing

This paper presents acoustic emission (AE) monitoring of damage initiation and progression in carbon-fiber-reinforced-polymer (CFRP) stay cables subject to largescale laboratory tests. The research is part of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), larger project on the design and construction of a new cable-stayed bridge made of advanced composites. No previous use of AE on large-size CFRP stay cables appears in the literature. Three types of cables of potential use in the UCSD composite bridge were tested at lengths ranging from 5500 mm to 5870 mm. The AE events were monitored to detect damage and provide a qualitative correlation with the type of structural failure. The tests allowed a comparative characterization of the failure behavior of the three types of cables under investigation. An additional study was performed to characterize acoustic attenuation and dispersion phenomena that are relevant to AE testing of largescale CFRP cables. It is shown that despite their large size, these cables are excellent acoustic wave guides exhibiting very low attenuation. Finally, this study shows promising results for an effective use of in situ AE for health monitoring of these structural components in service.