消声器结构与气动力性能的改进

本文通过分析气流速度对消声性能的影响，提出了一种新颖的消声器结构，并介绍其工作原理．     

两级串联扩张腔式消声器声学特性的分析

通过建立双扩张腔消声器串联模型,研究分析其结构参数对消声器声学特性的影响。分析发现:两扩张腔中间连接管长度的变化以及前后扩张腔长度比对消声器平均传递损失影响不大,但传递损失的零点位置和数目发生改变,会使消声频带发生变化;中间连接管的直径越小,传递损失越大,且消声频率范围相对变宽;前后两个扩张腔交换直径比对传递损失没有影响,且当其中之一扩张腔直径不变时,另一扩张腔直径与其差值越小传递损失越大,前后扩张腔直径比对消声零点和峰值对应频率的影响可以忽略。研究结果对于串联消声器结构参数的设计具有重要的指导意义。     

通流面积可变型消声器及其在管道噪声控制中的应用

对利用共振消声器进行管道噪声控制问题作了理论分析,讨论了通流面积可变型消声器的特性及在管道噪声消声控制中的应用问题,消声控制实验的消声量约38dB.     

鞍形膜结构在冲击载荷作用下的振动特性

以鞍形膜结构为研究对象,研究了冲击载荷作用下鞍形膜结构的振动问题。首先推导了冲击载荷作用下的结构振动非线性微分方程,该方程中考虑了膜材的正交异性,空气阻尼以及膜材变形的几何非线性。然后假设一小球以某确定的冲击速度差冲击膜面,模拟冲击荷载。最后利用随机摄动法求解方程,得到鞍形膜结构振动响应的位移函数,通过该函数分别对膜面预张力、拱跨比以及小球速度差进行参数分析。同时,对鞍形膜结构的振动进行数值模拟,并与解析理论作对比分析。结果表明鞍形膜结构振动位移会随着膜面预张力或拱跨比的增大而减小,同时也会随着速度差的增大而增大。由此可知该理论模型研究鞍形膜结构在冲击载荷作用下的振动特性是可行的,得到的结果能够准确地预测膜结构响应规律。     

膜结构找力分析的无矩理论和优化的复位平衡法

膜结构工程的实践和形状确定理论要求对膜结构进行找力分析。本文结合无矩理论推导了膜结构自平衡预应力确定的解析方程,研究表明膜结构自平衡预应力由膜曲面的特性和边界条件决定。根据相似原理提出了索膜结构找力分析的数值方法——复位平衡法,并且依据曲面上单元之间的关联对这种方法进行了优化。与无矩理论的计算结果比较显示优化的复位平衡法有很高的计算精度,能够应用到实际工程的精确分析中。     

MoS_2-Au共溅膜的结构与性能之研究

作者利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD),俄歇电子能谱仪(AES)和X—射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)等对MoS_2-Au共溅膜的形貌和结构进行了观察与分析,并就这种膜的厚度对耐磨寿命的影响及其抗湿性与MoS_2溅射膜的作了比较,认为共溅膜的柱状聚集体结构是其具有良好性能的原因。溅射时氩气压强对MoS_2-Au膜结构和性能影响的研究结果表明,不同氩气压强下得到的MoS_2之结晶度不同,因而共溅膜的摩擦学性能也不相同。作者还就膜与底材的结合强度同耐磨寿命的关系,以及底材表面缺陷对膜结构的影响进行了讨论。     

张拉膜结构的有限元分析

应用有限元程序ANSYS进行了薄膜结构的找形分析和荷载分析．张拉结构受力后将产生较大的位移，因此需要采用非线性理论．通过一系列计算，可以发现影响找形结果的因素有：单元的划分，初始弹性模量的选取，膜的预张力，边索和脊索的预张拉力值及其比值．在实际工程中，由于膜结构建筑要求和边界条件的限制，找到具有极小曲面性质的初始平衡形状较难，因此，一般把应力的差值控制在一定的范围内．工程实例计算结果表明：在风荷载作用下膜结构的竖向位移反应比较大，风吸力通常是索膜结构设计的控制因素．     

系留气球球体结构纵向刚度研究

针对系留气球球体结构为充气膜结构的特点,对系留气球球体结构纵向刚度做了系统的分析. 首先通过理论分析,得出了系留气球球体结构在纵向集中载荷作用下的位移比例系数n 以及内部超压p,进而推导出了系留气球球体结构纵向刚度的理论公式;然后分别利用有限元方法以及1:8 缩比模型的试验验证了理论分析的正确性. 通过该研究得到的充气膜结构刚度的理论计算方法可为相关浮空器锚泊载荷的计算提供支持.     

考虑流固耦合作用的充气膜结构风压分布研究

充气膜结构是典型的风敏感型柔性结构,风荷载经常起关键的控制作用。本文利用ANSYS14.5程序中的workbench平台,考虑流固耦合作用,研究矩形平面气承式充气膜结构的风压系数分布。其中,选用基于雷诺时均模拟法的RNGk-ε湍流模型进行风场模拟,采用弱耦合分析方法模拟流固耦合风荷载效应。分析的参数选择风向角、结构内压、矢跨比和平面长宽比。针对矢跨比分别为1/4,1/3和1/2,长宽比分别为5/3,2/1和3/1的柔性充气膜结构模型,计算不同内压及不同风向角作用下的结构响应。结果表明,考虑流固耦合作用时,充气膜结构的风压体型系数比不考虑流固耦合作用的刚性模型明显偏大,其影响因子在1.25~1.5之间;充气膜结构的风压系数分布受风向角、内压、长宽比及矢跨比的影响较大。     

多层膜结构对硬度实验影响的数值分析

为了研究多层膜结构对纳米微硬度实验的影响,用FEPG对纳米微硬度实验中压头的压入过程进行数值模拟,分析了由TiN,Al,Ti组成的多层膜中软膜材料不同、软膜与硬膜厚度比不同以及多层膜层数不同对膜层体系产生的影响,得出梯度变化的膜层结构能够提高膜层的整体性能,为纳米微硬度实验提供了一定的参考依据．     

Nonlinear disturbance evolution in a two-dimensional boundary-layer along an elastic plate and induced radiated sound

The interaction between a boundary-layer flow and an elastic plate is addressed by direct numerical simulation, taking into account the full coupling between the fluid flow and the flexible wall. The convectively unstable flow state is harmonically forced and two-dimensional nonlinearly saturated wavelike disturbances are computed along archetype-plates with respect to stiffness and natural frequencies. In the aim of determining the low-Mach-number radiated sound for the system, the simulation data are used to solve the Lighthill's equation in terms of a Green's function in the wavenumber-frequency space. Different degrees of fluid-structure coupling are implemented in the radiated sound model and the resulting acoustic pressure levels are compared. The sound radiation levels are shown to be increased in the presence of flexible walls with however significant differences in the radiated pressure levels for different coupling assumptions.     

Development of optimized weighted‐ENO schemes for multiscale compressible flows

The present paper deals with the development of optimized weighted–ENO schemes to improve the resolution of a class of compressible flows characterized by a wide disparity of scales, typical of compressible turbulence and/or aeroacoustic phenomena, and shock waves. The approach relies on a least square minimization of both the dispersion and dissipation error components together with the use of symmetric stencil support. Extensive numerical simulations of sound propagation, shock–sound interaction and isotropic compressible turbulence have been carried out, and the results confirm that the optimized schemes yield a resolution in wave number space greater than the non‐optimized ones. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非线性应力波传播理论的发展及应用

应力波传播理论是分析结构和材料在爆炸/冲击载荷作用下的响应及破坏特性的基础,在国防和民用工程上有重大价值。本文对作者们近半个世纪来在非线性应力波传播理论的发展及其工程应用方面所开展的主要研究作一回顾和讨论,包括：几类非线性应力波相互作用及失效,非线性粘弹性波传播理论及应用,动态破坏和应力波相互作用,以及应力波理论在防护工程中的应用等。     

VIBRATION SUPPRESSION OF A FLEXIBLE PIEZOELECTRIC BEAM USING BP NEURAL NETWORK CONTROLLER

This paper aims at modeling and developing vibration control methods for a flexible piezoelectric beam. A collocated sensor/actuator placement is used. Finite element analysis (FEA) method is adopted to derive the dynamics model of the system. A back propagation neural network (BPNN) based proportional-derivative (PD) algorithm is applied to suppress the vibration. Simulation and experiments are conducted using the FEA model and BPNN-PD control law. Experimental results show good agreement with the simulation results using finite element modeling and the neural network control algorithm.     

一种考虑薄壁散射效应的声学计算模型

采用薄壁边界元/FW-H理论混合方法建立了考虑薄壁声学散射效应的数值计算模型.这种声学计算模型可以预测存在薄壁如风扇机匣、蜗壳等条件下的声波的传播及散射问题.计算模型的建立主要包含噪声源的计算和声源的传播两方面:首先建立FW-H的频域方程,并采用计算流体力学方法计算流场,通过流场数据计算气动噪声源;然后采用薄壁面边界元法计算固壁对声波的散射,并计算声波在固壁散射后的声场分布.数值计算结果和实验结果及经典的叶轮机管道风扇噪声理论进行了对比,结果表明,这种计算模型与理论计算结果及实验结果吻合较好,可以准确的预测机匣壁的散射效应对声源传播的影响.     

Beam generating and sound field modeling of flexible phased arrays for inspecting complex geometric components

The flexible phased array ultrasonic technology has been developed to tackle the long-term challenge of damage inspection in complex-profiled components. However, due to the influences of curved interfaces, it is sometimes difficult to control the transmission signal of the sound field, thereby creating unreliable transducer performances. This paper proposes the time delay laws for generating steering or focusing beams on curved surfaces (concave, convex, concave/convex) based on the ray acoustics theory. Then, we derive the analytic expression of the entire flexible array ultrasonic field based on the multiple line source model and the time delay laws. Finally, the acoustic pressure distribution of curved structures is simulated to verify the feasibility of the derived principles. The numerical results show that the beams can realize dynamic steering and focusing without distortions or disorientations even when the steering angle reaches 45 degrees. Furthermore, the influences of the specimen surface profile, steering angle and focusing distance on the acoustic field are also analyzed by the axial sound pressure plots. These preliminary results represent an essential step in the development of a nondestructive testing (NDT) system for inspecting components with complex surfaces.     

Toward accurate hybrid prediction techniques for cavity flow noise applications

A large variety of hybrid computational aeroacoustics (CAA) approaches exist differing from each other in the way the source region is modeled, in the way the equations are used to compute the propagation of acoustic waves in a non-quiescent medium, and in the way the coupling between source and acoustic propagation regions is made. This paper makes a comparison between some commonly used numerical methods for aeroacoustic applications. The aerodynamically generated tonal noise by a flow over a 2D rectangular cavity is investigated. Two different cavities are studied. In the first cavity (L/D=4, M=0.5), the sound field is dominated by the cavity wake mode and its higher harmonics, originating from a periodical vortex shedding at the cavity leading edge. In the second cavity (L/D=2, M=0.6), shear-layer modes, due to flow-acoustic interaction phenomena, generate the major components in the noise spectrum. Source domain modeling is carried out using a second-order finite-volume large eddy simulation. Propagation equations, taking into account convection and refraction effects, are solved using high-order finite-difference schemes for the linearized Euler equations and the acoustic perturbation equations. Both schemes are compared with each other for various coupling methods between source region and acoustic region. Conventional acoustic analogies and Kirchhoff methods are rewritten for the various propagation equations and used to obtain near-field acoustic results. The accuracy of the various coupling methods in identifying the noise-generating mechanisms is evaluated. In this way, this paper provides more insight into the practical use of various hybrid CAA techniques to predict the aerodynamically generated sound field by a flow over rectangular cavities. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A fractal study of sound propagation characteristics in roughened porous materials

The influence of rough elements of porous materials on sound propagation characteristics in roughened porous materials is investigated. Rough surface topography on the roughened porous materials is simulated by the fractal geometry theory, in which relative roughness is defined clearly as a function of the fractal dimension, porosity, average diameter and diameter ratio of the hexagonal elements on pore wall of the porous materials. Based on the sound propagation model of the smooth porous materials, a sound propagation model of the roughened porous materials is built. The effective density and bulk modulus, acoustic impedance and propagation constant, flow resistivity and sound absorption coefficient of the roughened porous materials are derived and discussed as a function of the relative roughness. It is demonstrated that the sound absorption coefficient of the roughened porous materials is improved as the relative roughness increases. The model predictions for the sound absorption coefficient of the roughened porous materials are well agreed with that of the existing test results.     

控制爆破的断裂控制与参数确定

描述了孔边线状裂纹扩展的断裂控制过程。建立了控制爆破参数与岩石强度、断裂韧度和炸药性质等之间的关系。得出了尽可能加大炮孔间距的合理尺度。     

Numerical simulation of the interaction between flow and flexible nets

A numerical approach is proposed to simulate the interaction between flow and flexible nets in steady current. The numerical approach is based on the joint use of the porous-media model and the lumped-mass model. The configuration of flexible nets can be simulated using the lumped-mass model and the flow field around fishing nets can be simulated using the porous-media model. Using an appropriate iterative scheme, the fluid–structure interaction problem can be solved and the steady flow field around flexible nets can be obtained. In order to validate the numerical models, the numerical results were compared with the data obtained from corresponding physical model tests. The comparisons show that the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental data. Using the proposed numerical approach, this paper presents the flow field around a single flexible net and two flexible nets with a spacing distance. Both the configuration of the flexible nets and the flow velocity results are in accordance with those of the corresponding physical model tests.