天然纤维增强复合材料力学性能及其应用

本文介绍了天然纤维的化学成分、结构以及力学性能;综述了天然纤维的表面处理方式,分析了其作用机理,并讨论了表面处理对其复合材料力学性能的影响;从增强体形式出发,介绍了短纤维、纤维毡、纤维织物以及单向纤维增强复合材料,并研究了成型工艺、纤维含量和表面处理等对其拉伸、弯曲、界面性能和冲击强度以及断裂韧性的影响;最后总结了天然纤维增强复合材料在汽车、建筑土木等领域的应用现状,并展望了其发展和应用前景。     

基于虚拟仪器的惯性敏感器自动测试系统

介绍了基于虚拟仪器技术的惯性敏感器自动测试系统的实现方法.系统可用于对多种敏感器进行测试,具有X-Y和V-T两种测试方式.系统除了能完成测试任务之外,还添加了仿真模块,可根据用户设定的敏感器指标模拟输出测试曲线,用于与实际测试情况进行比较.在数据处理与分析中建立了各种敏感器参数的解算模型,用户可根据实际测试需要进行动态选取.对测试需求进行了分析,提出了系统的总体方案与组成结构,对硬件配置作了说明,介绍了软件的模块化设计方案,列出了软件运行流程图,最后给出了测试实例.应用证明,该系统在功能、操作性、通用性及可靠性等方面达到了预期效果.     

缝合复合材料层板刚度预报

提出了缝合复合材料层板的刚度预报模型,该模型考虑了缝合针脚处的孔洞对刚度的影响,描述了缝合孔洞的几何形态,建立了孔洞形态与纤维弯曲的关系,采用平均刚度法和经典层合板理论进行了刚度预报,获得了与试验数据相吻合的预报结果,表明了该模型的有效性,详细探讨了缝合孔洞对缝合层板刚度的影响规律,得到一些有益结论。     

无风条件下马蹄波波面演化特征的实验研究

在实验室无风条件下对马蹄波进行了实验研究. 得到了L2型的马蹄波,也发现了两种新的类似马蹄波的波型,给出了马蹄波的横向波长和波高参数的几何特征,分析了马蹄波演化的过程中波面时间历程和振幅谱特征,讨论了马蹄波产生的机理和条件.      

利用声波干涉抑制旋转式压缩机的辐射噪声

压缩机是制冷设备的主要噪声源之一,其辐射噪声的抑制很有必要.理论分析了两列声波在自由场和管道中传播特性,证实了在管道中的两列声波能够产生有效干涉从而降低声压幅值.将压缩机储液器内的双管吸气改为了单吸气,数值分析表明了改进后壳体辐射噪声得到了明显抑制.声学实验验证了数值计算结果和理论分析,单吸气压缩机总声压级降低了约1.2dB(A).     

线圈炮电枢（圆柱壳）的屈曲分析

对线圈炮的电枢在径、轴向复合非均布电磁荷载作用下的弹性屈曲问题进行了有限元分析。采用八节点等参元，建立了圆柱坐标下的计算模型，给出了电磁力的计算，处理了剪切锁定与荷载移置等问题，编写了完善圆柱薄壳的屈曲分析程序ＳＢＴ。并对某五级炮的电枢进行了计算，获得了三个典型时刻的临界荷载。     

在普通力学课程中开展研究性学习的探索

 讨论了研究性学习的内涵,给出了力学研究性学习的部分参考课题,通过 教学案例归纳了研究性学习中的师生互动的6个步骤,并对教师的角色转变进行了分析.通过 研究性学习的实施,学生学习力学的积极性得到了提高,创新意识和能力得到了增强.为在力 学课程中开展研究性学习提供了重要的参考和借鉴.     

绿色润滑油的发展概况

概述了绿色润滑油的发展状况,阐述了绿色润滑油的含义,阐述了绿色润滑油的含义,介绍了生物降解试验方法,通过对绿色润滑油基础油及基适用的添加剂的综述,提出了绿色润滑油发展过程中存在的主要问题,并对将来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

碾压混凝土坝变形安全监控模型研究

研究了碾压混凝土坝本体、施工层面及坝基等各部分的变形规律,采用不同的模型描述了上述各部分的本构关系,据此分析了影响碾压混凝土坝变形的主要影响因素,探讨了水压分量、温度分量以及时效分量的影响因子,并重点对不同荷载作用下的时效分量的组成进行了研究,提出了碾压混凝土坝变形安全监控模型。文末结合工程实例,分析了变形安全监控模型的建模过程,讨论了变化荷载作用下时效分量的模拟方法。     

铰孔和疲劳对冷挤压孔周残余应力的影响

应用干涉云纹测量了冷胀孔周残余应力分布，并用实验方法研究了铰孔和疲劳对残余应力的影响。介绍了测试技术和原理，提供了典型的实验结果，并讨论了误差原因     

Semi-analytical three-dimensional elasticity solutions for generally laminated composite plates

Semi-analytical solutions for bending and free vibration of composite laminated plates have been derived based on three-dimensional elasticity theory using a newly developed hybrid analysis, which perfectly combines the state space approach (SSA) and the technique of differential quadrature (DQ). The thickness direction of laminates is selected as the transfer direction in SSA, and the DQ technique is employed to discretize the in-plane domains. This actualizes the transformation of the original partial differential equations into a state equation consisting of first-order ordinary differential equations. In particular, the use of DQ technique makes ease of the treatment of various boundary conditions, which cannot be considered in the conventional exact SSA. To avoid numerical instabilities in the conventional transfer matrix method, artificial interfaces are introduced to divide each layer into several sub-layers to reduce the transfer distance and the joint coupling matrices are established according to the continuity conditions at actual and artificial interfaces to implement the global analysis. Comprehensive numerical examples are preformed to validate the present hybrid method. Effects of some parameters on mechanical properties of the laminates are discussed.     

Differential quadrature method for bending of orthotropic plates with finite deformation and transverse shear effects

Based on the Reddy ‘s theory of plates with the effect of higher-order shear deformations, the governing equations for bending of orthotropic plates with finite deformations were established. The differential quadrature ( DQ ) method of nonlinear analysis to the problem was presented. New DQ approach, presented by Wang and Bert ( DQWB), is extended to handle the multiple boundary conditions of plates. The techniques were also further extended to simplify nonlinear computations. The numerical convergence and comparison of solutions were studied. The results show that the DQ method presented is very reliable and valid. Moreover, the influences of geometric and material parameters as well as the transverse shear deformations on nonlinear bending were investigated. Numerical results show the influence of the shear deformation on the static bending of orthotropic moderately thick plate is significant.     

人行荷载下梁式结构振动分析的DQ-IQ混合法

为了评估人行荷载作用下梁式结构的振动舒适度，利用微分求积-积分求积，即DQ-IQ混合法求解移动荷载作用下梁的振动响应。人行荷载作用下梁式结构的振动控制方程是含Dirac函数的偏微分方程，首先利用IQ法离散与时间相关的Dirac函数，再利用DQ法把控制方程转化为二阶常系数微分方程，最后利用Newmark算法求解微分方程。以某钢结构连廊为例，利用DQ法计算结构自振频率并与解析解进行对比，结果验证了节点选取和边界条件施加的合理性，再利用DQ-IQ混合法和振型叠加法分别计算了不同行走步频下连廊的响应，计算结果表明，DQ-IQ混合法具有较高的可靠性和精确性。DQ-IQ混合法也可以推广到诸如车辆荷载作用下路面或桥梁的动力响应等其他移动荷载下结构的振动分析。     

A convolution-type semi-analytic DQ approach to transient response of rectangular plates

The convolution-type Gurtin variational principle is known as the only variational principle that is, from the mathematics point of view, totally equivalent to the initial value problem system. In this paper, the equation of motion of rectangular thin plates is first transformed to a new governing equation containing initial conditions by using a convolution method. A convolution-type semi-analytical DQ approach, which involves differential quadrature （DQ） approximation in the space domain and an analytical series expansion in the time domain, is proposed to obtain the transient response solution. This approach offers the same advantages as the Gurtin variational principle and, at the same time, is much simpler in calculation. Numerical results show that it is very accurate yet computationally efficient for the dynamic response of plates.     

一种结构动力时程分析的积分求微方法

传统采用微分求积(differential quadrature,DQ)法求解动力问题时都是以位移响应作为基本未知量,而将速度响应和加速度响应表示为位移响应的加权和的形式.如此做法需要处理线性方程组或者矩阵方程(Sylvester方程)才能求得动力响应,导出的算法一般为有条件稳定算法.本文利用动力响应的Duhamel积分解,逆用DQ原理,提出了一种计算卷积的高精度显式算法.该算法可以逐时段地求解出动力时程响应,当各时段内DQ节点分布完全一致时,仅须进行一次Vandermonde矩阵求逆计算即可应用于各个时段,一次性获得时段内多个时刻的位移响应值,因而具有计算效率高的优点.通过分析动力方程积分格式,证明本文动力算法传递矩阵的谱半径恒等于1,因而该算法具有无条件稳定特性,且计算过程中不会产生数值耗散. 本文算法的数值精度取决于分析时段内布置的DQ节点数量$N$,具有$N-1$阶代数精度.实际操作时可以取10个甚至更多的DQ节点数,从而获得比较高的数值精度.      

结构地震反应分析的逐步微分积分方法

将结构地震时程反应分析问题离散化为一系列初值问题的求解, 在每个离散时步内应用微分积分(DQ)法则, 建立了一种结构地震反应的逐步DQ数值求解方法. 根据地震地面运动及结构体系的动态特征和物理本质, 假定离散时步内地面加速度为线性分布. 推导并给出了该分布模式假定下利用DQ法逐步求解体系地震反应的数值格式, 通过一个双自由度体系的数值实验阐述了结构地震反应DQ分析方法的应用. 算例表明, 体系地震反应DQ解的稳定性和精度比较好, 在较大的离散步距条件下仍然可以获得较好的计算结果.      

Efficient computation of natural convection in a concentric annulus between an outer square cylinder and an inner circular cylinder

In this work, the natural convection in a concentric annulus between a cold outer square cylinder and a heated inner circular cylinder is simulated using the differential quadrature (DQ) method. The vorticity‐stream function formulation is used as the governing equation, and the coordinate transformation technique is introduced in the DQ computation. It is shown in this paper that the outer square boundary can be approximated by a super elliptic function. As a result, the coordinate transformation from the physical domain to the computational domain is set up by an analytical expression, and all the geometrical parameters can be computed exactly. Numerical results for Rayleigh numbers range from 104 to 106 and aspect ratios between 1.67 and 5.0 are presented, which are in a good agreement with available data in the literature. It is found that both the aspect ratio and the Rayleigh number are critical to the patterns of flow and thermal fields. The present study suggests that a critical aspect ratio may exist at high Rayleigh number to distinguish the flow and thermal patterns. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种基于微分求积的空间分数阶扩散方程求解方法

通过微分求积建立求解变系数空间分数阶扩散方程的一种有效直接数值方法。基于Reciprocal Multiquadric和Thin-Plate Spline径向基函数推导两种逼近分数阶导数的微分求积公式，将所考虑的模型问题转化成易求解的常微分方程组，并采用Crank-Nicolson格式进行离散。给出5个数值算例，计算结果表明，只要径向基函数的形状参数选择恰当，本文方法在精度和效率上均优于一些现有算法。     

Numerical study of eccentric Couette–Taylor flows and effect of eccentricity on flow patterns

In this study, the differential quadrature (DQ) method was used to simulate the eccentric Couette–Taylor vortex flow in an annulus between two eccentric cylinders with rotating inner cylinder and stationary outer cylinder. An approach combining the SIMPLE (semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations) and DQ discretization on a non-staggered mesh was proposed to solve the time-dependent, three-dimensional incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in the primitive variable form. The eccentric steady Couette–Taylor flow patterns were obtained from the solution of three-dimensional Navier–Stokes equations. The reported numerical results for steady Couette flow were compared with those from Chou [1], and San and Szeri [2]. Very good agreement was achieved. For steady eccentric Taylor vortex flow, detailed flow patterns were obtained and analyzed. The effect of eccentricity on the eccentric Taylor vortex flow pattern was also studied.     

Integrated radial basis functions‐based differential quadrature method and its performance

In this paper, indirect radial basis function networks (IRBFN) proposed by Nam and Tranh (Neural Networks 2001; 14 (2):185–199; Appl. Math. Modelling 2003; 27 :197–220) are incorporated into the differential quadrature (DQ) approximation of derivatives. For simplicity, this new variant of RBF‐DQ approach is named as iRBF‐DQ method. The proposed approach is validated by its application to solve the one‐dimensional Burger's equation, and simulate natural convection in a concentric annulus by solving Navier–Stokes equations. It was found that as compared to the benchmark data, the iRBF‐DQ approach can provide more accurate results than the original RBF‐DQ method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.