非对称铺层复合材料层合板质量优化设计

复合材料广泛应用于航空航天等领域,追求轻量化设计已经成为研究重点。对复合材料层合板质量优化设计,可以减少层合板的纤维用量,减小层合板的质量,降低成本。首先研究复合材料层合板在承受轴向载荷时,产生的形变量、应力示意图,分析容易发生失效部位;以层合板铺层厚度为设计变量,最大应变、铺层比例等为约束条件,最小化层合板质量为优化目标,对碳纤维复合材料层合板铺层厚度等设计变量进行优化,利用强度理论对优化结果进行校核,结合力学试验对比分析优化前后层合板力学性能。结果表明:碳纤维复合材料层合板经过优化后,总质量减轻约16.7%,优化后的层合板满足复合材料强度理论,实验结果与软件仿真具有一致性,说明优化方法是合理可靠的。     

大开口复合材料层合板强度破坏研究

复合材料层合板的各向异性及非均质,使得复合材料层合板内部的破坏形式非常复杂.在复合材料结构的设计中,为满足制造及使用功能上的需求,在复合材料层合板承力结构件上不可避免地需要设计各种开口.然而,含大开口复合材料层合板的强度破坏问题变得更为复杂,使得现有的强度理论面临新的挑战.针对碳纤维增强复合材料大开口层合板受单向拉伸载荷作用下的强度破坏问题进行了数值分析和实验研究.首先,根据Hashin准则和刚度退化模型,对含不同圆形开口尺寸的[0]_(10)单向铺层、[0/90]_5和[±45]_5正交铺层的层合板,进行了单向拉伸载荷作用下渐进失效的数值模拟分析,获得了对应结构的极限载荷和破坏模式.在此基础上,采用数字图像相关方法,进行复合材料大开口层合板强度破坏的实验研究.研究结果表明,大开口复合材料层合板在单向拉伸加载下主要呈现脆性破坏形式,破坏起始位置处于应力集中区.此外,破坏强度和失效模式与复合材料铺层方式和开口尺寸大小密切相关.其中[±45]_5铺层的开口层合板承载能力最弱,分层破坏最严重.开口尺寸越大,结构的极限载荷值越低.同实验测试结果相比,数值模拟对复合材料层合板的损伤失效分析略显不足,往往很难全面分析复合材料层合板破坏失效过程中的各种因素的影响.     

含切口损伤复合材料层合板拉伸失效行为研究

对含有不同切口损伤的复合材料层合板试件进行了拉伸试验,采用电阻应变计同步测量切口损伤前缘区域随载荷的变化,测定含切口损伤层合板的剩余强度,并讨论了损伤长度和损伤角度对剩余强度的影响规律。建立含切口损伤复合材料层合板有限元模型,分析了含切口损伤复合材料层合板的拉伸失效行为,计算了含切口损伤复合材料层合板的剩余强度,确定了剩余强度与切口损伤状态的关系。计算结果与试验结果具有较好的一致性。     

复合材料层合板在动集中力作用下的结构声强特性

本文研究了复合材料正交异性层合板在动集中力作用下的结构声强特性。应用MSC/-NASTRAN商业软件计算了复合材料正交异性层合板在动集中力作用下各单元的内力和速度,再应用MATLAB软件得出复合材料层合板的结构声强。算例表明,复合材料正交异性层合板的结构声强流线图与各向同性板存在明显不同的特性。复合材料正交异性层合板的结构声强流线图受边界条件、层合板叠层顺序和层数的影响。从结构声强向量图和流线图可获得关于能量传递路径、源位置和能量汇合点的许多信息。进一步,结构振动产生的噪声可根据上述信息加以控制。     

缝合复合材料层合板拉伸疲劳损伤及其机理

对有、无缝合复合材料层合板的拉伸疲劳性能进行了试验研究,考察了0^\circ缝合对复合材料光滑板拉伸疲劳损伤扩展规律的影响. 通过有限元素法分析了有、无缝合复合材料层合板的应力状态分布情况,对缝合复合材料层合板的拉伸疲劳损伤及其扩展机理进行了分析. 研究表明,缝合改变了复合材料层合板拉伸疲劳损伤起始与扩展的机理,针脚附近的面内正应力\sigma_{x}与层间剪应力的集中对层合板拉伸疲劳损伤的发生与扩展有着重要的作用,自由边界处的层间集中应力对缝合板的疲劳性能也有影响. 自由边界处的层间集中应力是导致无缝合层合板疲劳损伤及其扩展的主要原因.      

考虑制作缺陷的变角度纤维复合材料层合板的屈曲

假设纤维方向角沿层合板的长度方向线性变化,研究含丝束重叠、间隙等制作缺陷的变角度纤维复合材料层合板的屈曲问题．采用ABAQUS 有限元软件建立层合板的有限元模型,选用S4 壳单元计算四边简支层合板在两端压缩荷载作用下的屈曲临界荷载及屈曲模态,并进行详细的参数分析．研究结果表明：当起始角相同时,含或不含制作缺陷的层合板的屈曲临界荷载均随着终止角的增大而逐渐提高,说明纤维的不同铺设方式对层合板的屈曲性能有很大影响．含重叠缺陷的层合板的屈曲临界荷载均大于不含缺陷层合板的值,而含间隙缺陷的层合板的屈曲临界荷载均小于不含缺陷层合板的值．当层合板的重叠、间隙缺陷共存且面积相等时,层合板的屈曲临界荷载与不含缺陷时层合板的值接近,制作缺陷对变角度纤维复合材料层合板屈曲模态的影响较小．本文研究结果可为含缺陷的变角度纤维复合材料层合板设计提供一定参考．     

变形对非饱和土渗透系数影响规律模拟研究

对有、无缝合复合材料层合板的拉伸疲劳性能进行了试验研究,考察了0^\circ 缝合对复合材料光滑板拉伸疲劳损伤扩展规律的影响. 通过有限元素法分析了有、无缝合复 合材料层合板的应力状态分布情况,对缝合复合材料层合板的拉伸疲劳损伤及其扩展机理进 行了分析. 研究表明,缝合改变了复合材料层合板拉伸疲劳损伤起始与扩展的机理,针脚 附近的面内正应力\sigma_{x}与层间剪应力的集中对层合板拉伸疲劳损伤的 发生与扩展有着重要的作用,自由边界处的层间集中应力对缝合板的疲劳性能也有影响. 自 由边界处的层间集中应力是导致无缝合层合板疲劳损伤及其扩展的主要原因.     

复合材料层合板的颤振特性及振动抑制研究

研究了超声速流中压电复合材料层合板的颤振特性及振动抑制方法。采用一阶活塞理论计算了超声速流场中的气动压力,基于经典层合板理论和Hamilton原理推导了压电复合材料层合板的动力学模型,设计了滑模观测器以减少观测溢出,通过Lyapunov方法证明观测器的稳定性,应用观测状态设计了LQR控制器,讨论了几何参数、铺设角度对压电复合材料层合板颤振特性的影响,利用SIMULINK仿真求解了层合板的脉冲响应,验证了控制器的有效性。结果表明,合理规划层合板的几何参数和铺设角度可提高系统颤振稳定性,滑模观测器能够较为准确地追踪原始系统且具有良好的鲁棒性,LQR控制可以在一定范围内消除层合板的颤振点,并且能够有效地控制压电复合材料层合板在颤振边界处的振动,Q矩阵越大,振动控制效果越好,压电层厚度越大,LQR控制效果越好。     

短纤维增强复合材料层合板的高速冲击性能优化

本文以冲击体最大损失动能为目标函数,以纤维的方向角为设计变量,根据Hashin破坏准则并考虑四种损伤能量耗散对短纤维增强复合材料层合板的高速冲击性能进行优化.用ABAQUS有限元程序对短纤维增强复合材料层合板的高速冲击问题进行数值模拟,并采用遗传优化算法获得最优纤维方向角的布置.数值模拟及优化设计的结果表明:与传统的直线纤维增强复合材料层合板相比,合理的短纤维角度布置能有效提高复合材料层合板的抗冲击能力.研究结果可为短纤维复合材料抗冲击设计提供一定的帮助.     

复合材料层合板分层裂纹扩展的试验及数值模拟研究

由于复合材料层合板在制作加工过程中会产生初始的微裂纹,且复合材料具有各向异性的力学特征,因此在承载条件下,这些微裂纹可能在黏结面上及在层与层之间发生、扩展、发展成宏观层间裂纹,最终导致结构的破坏.本文对复合材料层合板试验件进行了拉伸试验,提出了一种复合材料层合板分层建模方法,利用这种方法对一组试验件进行了单向拉伸荷载作用下极限承载力的研究,得出其分层扩展的位置及层间应力分布规律,将试验结果与数值模拟结果进行了对比,论证了分层建模方法对分析复合材料层合板分层裂纹扩展问题的可行性与适用性.     

复合材料层合板开口补强选型分析

论文开展了受拉伸复合材料层合板圆形开口四种补强型式的研究.首先,基于Hoffman准则,分析补强型式对首层失效强度的影响,再通过比较开口周围最大应力和应变的降低程度,分析圆缺、环形、椭圆缺和矩形缺四种补强型式的补强效率.通过有限元参数化建模,分析了几何尺寸对补强效率的影响,给出了不同补强型式适合的补强范围.研究表明通过合理地设计补强型式可以有效地降低应力集中,提高拉伸破坏强度.分析结果可以为复合材料飞机结构在相似形状和载荷条件下的补强设计提供参考.     

Failure behavior of composite sandwich structures under local loading

Usually when analyzing the mechanical response of foam-cored fiber-reinforced composite sandwich structures to localized static loading, the face sheets are treated as a linear-elastic material and no damage initiation and growth is considered. However, practice shows that at higher indentation magnitudes damage develops in the face sheet in the area of contact with the indentor, which could lead to local failure of the face laminate due to the loss of bending stiffness and strength. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to develop a damage model for predicting the local failure in the composite face sheet and its influence on the load–displacement behavior of sandwich structures under local loading. For this purpose, the Hoffman failure criterion is incorporated into a finite element modeling procedure using the ABAQUS program system. Results deducted from the modeling procedure are compared with experimental data obtained in the case of static indentation tests performed on sandwich beam specimens using steel cylindrical indentors. It is shown that taking into account the damage in the face sheet leads to a substantial improvement in the performance of the model when simulating the mechanical behavior of the sandwich structures at higher indentation values.     

Multi-objective optimal design of laminated composite skirt using hybrid NSGA

In this paper a new hybridised version of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) is proposed to solve combinatorial optimisation problems associated with laminated composite structures. The proposed algorithm is used to optimise the design of hybrid laminated fibre composite skirt of solid rocket motor, subjected to a buckling strength constraint and an overstressing strength constraint under aerodynamic torque and axial thrust. The present investigations involve in determining the best laminate configuration to minimise the weight as well as cost of the skirt through multi-objective optimisation. Buckling strength and overstressing strength of the composite cylindrical skirt are analysed using classical laminate theory. Tsai-Wu failure criterion is employed to assess the first ply failure, and failure strength is described by an overstressing load level factor. The superiority of the proposed hybrid algorithm is demonstrated by comparing with the originally proposed NSGA algorithm. The studies presented in this paper clearly indicate that the proposed modification to the NSGA improves the convergence properties quite appreciably.     

Short-term microdamage of a physically nonlinear laminate under simultaneous normal and tangential loads

The structural theory of short-term damage is generalized to the case where undamaged components of an N-component laminate deform nonlinearly under loads that induce a combined stress state. The basis for this generalization is the stochastic elasticity equations for an N-component laminate with porous components whose skeleton deforms nonlinearly. The Huber-Mises failure criterion is used to describe the damage of microvolumes in the composite. The damaged microvolume balance equation is derived for the physically nonlinear materials of the composite components. Together with the macrostress-macrostrain relationship, they constitute a closed-form system of equations. This system describes the coupled processes of physically nonlinear deformation and microdamage. For a two-component laminate, algorithms for calculating the microdamage-macrostrain relationship and plotting stress-strain curves are proposed. Stress-strain curves are also plotted for the case where microdamages occur in the linearly hardening component and do not in the linear elastic component under simultaneous normal and tangential loads. The effect of the volume fraction of reinforcement and tangential load on the curves is examined __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 62–72, April 2007.     

First-ply failure of laminated composite plates

Composite laminates offer superior load carrying capacity. Reliable application of structures requires a knowledge of their stress/strain and failure behavior. past treatments involved assumptions in both the stress and failure analyses; they become increasingly more difficult when the failure of the microstructure constituents is to be included in the continuum analysis of the laminates. Recognizing the conventional failure criteria used for composite material analyses, this work adopts the first-ply failure criterion by application of a polynomial function and the finite element procedure.The laminates are modeled by the Reissner-Mindlin plate theory that accounts for moderate rotation. This is because shear effects are more pronounced in composite laminates whose transverse shear modulus is low relative to the Young's modulus. Failure loads are obtained for different laminate thicknesses, stacking sequences and aspect ratios and different failure criteria. The results show that predictions made from the maximum stress criterion are nearly the same as the others, except for those obtained by the Hill criterion.     

层合板冲击损伤的PD率效应本构模型分析

从近场动力学(简称PD)理论的PMB材料模型出发,结合Kelvin-Voigt粘弹性固体模型,建立PD率效应本构模型。采用LAMMPS软件模拟了环氧树脂板、纤维增强复合材料单向层板和多向铺层层合板受冲击的情况。通过分析各板的冲击损伤,探索纤维对板的增强作用。同时,分析了不同冲击速度下层合板上下表面的损伤程度,初步探讨了从低速碰撞到高速冲击过程中复合材料层合板的破坏机理及规律。     

Energy release rates for delamination of composite beams

This paper deals with the formulation of a mechanical/numerical model for analyzing the delamination effects of layered composite beams. The laminate is modelled through a multiple-beam model and interfacial constitutive laws are obtained by introducing interlaminar bilateral and unilateral springs. Delamination growth is described by employing the classical energy release rate criterion. A path-following procedure with delamination growth control is presented for the numerical analysis of the given model. Numerical results on delamination buckling and growth in compressed beams are given and comparisons with simplified theories are established.     

LCO flutter of cantilevered woven glass/epoxy laminate in subsonic flow

The paper presents a cantilevered composite wing, aeroelastic characteristics of idealized as a composite flat plate laminate. The composite laminate was made from woven glass fibers with epoxy matrix. The elastic and dynamic properties of the laminate were determined experimentally for aeroelastic calculations. Aeroelastic wind tunnel testing of the laminate was performed and the result showed that flutter, a dynamic instability occurred. The cantilevered laminate also displayed limit cycle amplitude, post-flutter oscillation. The experimental flutter velocity and frequency were verified by our computational analysis.     

Strain and Fracture of Glass-Fiber Laminate Containing Metal Layers

This paper describes an experimental study on strain and fracture of plane samples made of glass-fiber laminate and fabric-based laminate with surface and inner aluminum layers. It is shown that the presence of these layers reduces the strength of glass-fiber laminate under static and low-cycle loading. This can be explained by the fact that the stretching of a hybrid composite along the layers is accompanied by the formation of localized tensile regions of glass-fiber laminate across the layers. As a result, both the hybrid composite and its glass-fiber laminate component are stratified.