二维泊松方程的两步预估校正格式

为避免用四阶紧致格式求解泊松方程所具有编程复杂和难以实现的困难,对传统的五点二阶中心差分格式进行改进;通过增加对残差的校正计算,提出了一种新型具有四阶精度的两步预估校正格式.新格式虽需要增加一定的计算量,但它的格式精度高,边界条件处理极简单,易于编程实现.通过数值实验,结果证明上述格式的确具有易于编程和计算精度高的优点.预估校正格式很容易推广到其他复杂情形.     

非齐次动力学方程的一种精细积分单步方法

针对非齐次动力学方程■,结合精细积分法和微分求积法,利用同阶的显式龙格-库塔法对计算过程中待求的v_(k+i/s)(i=1,2,…,s)进行预估,提出了一种避免状态矩阵求逆的高效精细积分单步方法。该方法采用精细积分法计算e~(Ht),而Duhamel积分项采用s级s阶的时域微分求积法,计算格式统一且易于编程,可灵活实现变阶变步长。仿真结果表明,与其他单步法及预估校正-辛时间子域法进行数值比较,该方法具有高精度、高效率及良好的稳定性,在求解大规模动力系统时间响应问题中具有较大的优势。     

一种强耦合预估-校正浸入边界法

为克服传统浸入边界法的质量不守恒缺陷,提出了一种用于可压缩流固耦合问题的强耦合预估-校正浸入边界法。通过阐述一般流固耦合系统的矩阵表示,推导了流固耦合系统的强耦合Gauss-Seidel迭代格式,进一步导出预估-校正格式,提出了预估-校正浸入边界法。该方法使用无耦合边界模型对流体进行预估,将流固耦合边界视为自由面,固体原本占据的空间初始化为零质量的单元,允许流体自由穿过耦合边界。对于流体的计算,使用带有minmod限制器的二阶MUSCL有限体积格式和基于Zha-Bilgen分裂的AUSM+-up方法,配合三阶Runge-Kutta格式推进时间步。在校正步骤中,通过一组质量守恒的输运规则来实现输运过程。输运算法可概括为将边界内侧的流体进行标记,根据标记顺序以均匀方式分割和移动流体,产生一个指向边界外侧的流动,最后在边界附近施加速度校正保证无滑移条件。标记和输运算法避免了繁琐的对截断单元的几何处理,确保了算法易于实现。对于固体的计算,分别采用一阶差分格式和隐式动力学有限元格式求解刚体和线弹性体,并利用高斯积分获得固体表面的耦合力。使用预估-校正浸入边界法计算了一维问题和二维问题。在一维活塞问题中,获得了压力分布、相对质量历史和误差曲线,并与其他方法进行了对比。在二维的激波冲击平板问题中,获得了数值模拟纹影和平板结构的挠度历史,并与实验结果进行了对比。研究表明,该方法区别于传统的虚拟网格方法和截断单元方法,能够精确地维持流场的质量守恒并易于实现,且具有一阶收敛精度,能够较准确地预测激波绕射后的流场以及平板在激波作用下的挠度,为开发流固耦合算法提供了一种新的思路。     

求解非线性结构动力方程的预估校正-辛时间子域法

提出了求解非线性结构动力方程的预估校正-辛时间子域法。首先,将结构非线性动力方程转换为状态空间方程,在任一时间子域内利用改进的欧拉法对各离散时刻的状态变量值进行预估和校正。然后,将离散的非线性项用Lagrange插值多项式展开并视为外荷载,结合辛时间子域法即可求解非线性动力系统的响应。这种方法不必对状态矩阵求逆,无需计算高阶导数,计算简单,格式统一,易于编程。算例结果表明,本文方法具有较高的计算精度、效率和稳定性,是一种求解非线性结构动力方程的有效方法。     

求解二维污染扩散方程的时空任意阶的三点紧致显格式

通过在泰勒级数展开中运用逐阶迭代的方法,推导出了空间二阶导数任意精度的三点紧致的表达式,并在半高散方程中通过二维扩散方程本身把时间导数转换为空间导数,从而推导出了时空任意阶的三点紧致显格式.数值实验表明,本文格式的精度很高,而且具有使用简单,易于编程的优点,对求解二维污染扩散方程具有很好的应用前景.     

基于预估-校正的Generalized-α法及其在非线性结构动力学中的应用

直接积分法是求解动力学方程的一种有效方法。应用一种预估-校正的Generalized-α法对结构大变形动力学问题进行分析求解,并与Newmark法和Bathe法进行对比研究。首先预估当前计算步的解,然后以预估值作为起始值进行非线性迭代计算,并对解不断校正,直到满足收敛条件,进入下一时间步的计算。在保证Generalized-α法性能的基础上,简化了非线性迭代公式,便于编程实现。通过壳和实体的大变形动力学算例,证明了本文方法具有较高的稳定性和精度。     

基于非结构/混合网格模拟黏性流的高阶精度DDG/FV混合方法

间断Galerkin有限元方法(discontinuous Galerkin method, DGM) 因具有计算精度高、模板紧致、易于并行等优点, 近年来已成为非结构/混合网格上广泛研究的高阶精度数值方法. 但其计算量和内存需求量巨大, 特别是对于网格规模达到百万甚至数千万的大型三维实际复杂外形问题, 其计算量和存储量对计算资源的消耗是难以承受的. 基于“混合重构”的DG/FV 格式可以有效降低DGM 的计算量和存储量. 本文将DDG 黏性项离散方法推广应用于DG/FV 混合算法, 得到新的DDG/FV混合格式, 以进一步提高DG/FV混合算法对于黏性流动模拟的计算效率. 通过Couette流动、层流平板边界层、定常圆柱绕流, 非定常圆柱绕流和NACA0012 翼型绕流等二维黏性流算例, 优化了DDG 通量公式中的参数选择, 验证了DDG/FV 混合格式对定常和非定常黏性流模拟的精度和计算效率, 并与广泛使用的BR2-DG 格式的计算结果和效率进行对比研究. 一系列数值实验结果表明, 本文构造的DDG/FV混合格式在二维非结构/混合网格的Navier-Stokes 方程求解中, 在达到相同的数值精度阶的前提下, 相比BR2-DG格式, 对于隐式时间离散的定常问题计算效率提高了2 倍以上, 对于显式时间离散的非定常问题计算效率提高1.6 倍, 并且在一些算例中, 混合格式具有更优良的计算稳定性. DDG/FV 混合格式提升了计算效率和稳定性, 具有良好的应用前景.      

基于非结构/混合网格模拟黏性流的高阶精度DDG/FV混合方法

间断Galerkin有限元方法 (discontinuous Galerkin method, DGM)因具有计算精度高、模板紧致、易于并行等优点,近年来已成为非结构/混合网格上广泛研究的高阶精度数值方法.但其计算量和内存需求量巨大,特别是对于网格规模达到百万甚至数千万的大型三维实际复杂外形问题,其计算量和存储量对计算资源的消耗是难以承受的.基于"混合重构"的DG/FV格式可以有效降低DGM的计算量和存储量.本文将DDG黏性项离散方法推广应用于DG/FV混合算法,得到新的DDG/FV混合格式,以进一步提高DG/FV混合算法对于黏性流动模拟的计算效率.通过Couette流动、层流平板边界层、定常圆柱绕流,非定常圆柱绕流和NACA0012翼型绕流等二维黏性流算例,优化了DDG通量公式中的参数选择,验证了DDG/FV混合格式对定常和非定常黏性流模拟的精度和计算效率,并与广泛使用的BR2-DG格式的计算结果和效率进行对比研究.一系列数值实验结果表明,本文构造的DDG/FV混合格式在二维非结构/混合网格的Navier-Stokes方程求解中,在达到相同的数值精度阶的前提下,相比BR2-DG格式,对于隐式时间离散的定常问题计算效率提高了2倍以上,对于显式时间离散的非定常问题计算效率提高1.6倍,并且在一些算例中,混合格式具有更优良的计算稳定性.DDG/FV混合格式提升了计算效率和稳定性,具有良好的应用前景.     

波动方程数值模拟的一种显式方法——-界面节点公式的构建

针对成层介质中标量波动的数值模拟, 基于波速有限原理和波动方程柯西问题的解, 导出了界面点在一个短时间窗内的精确解, 由此给出了具有高阶精度的界面节点显式递推公式的一种构建方法, 并以构造弹性杆界面节点的递推公式为例说明其要点. 给出了与已有内节点递推公式的精度阶匹配的二阶和四阶界面节点递推公式. 由此构成的计算格式具有``异质格式'编程简便的特性, 更合理地考虑了界面影响. 最后, 通过数值试验检验这一匹配方案的精度和稳定性.      

基于三角网格的四阶Hermite型对流守恒格式

提出一种基于三角网格的求解双曲对流方程的高阶守恒型格式.该格式首先在每个三角单元上重构二元三次Hermite插值多项式,以当前时刻单元节点处解的函数值、一阶空间导数值和该单元的积分平均值为插值条件.然后,利用Semi-Lagrange方法得到单元节点处的下一时刻解的函数值及导数值,而下一时刻的解的单元积分平均值由有限体积方法得到.本文所提出的格式将原始CIP方法从结构网格推广到非结构网格上,使得CIP方法能灵活地用于处理复杂边界问题.该格式为显式紧致格式,计算简单且易于实现.数值实验表明,该格式对于光滑解问题能达到四阶空间精度,而对于非光滑解问题能准确地捕捉激波的位置,改进了原始CIP格式的不守恒性.     

On the solution for steady state and time dependent flows in certain channels with small wall curvature

An asymptotic scheme is presented for the solution of the steady state and time dependent stream functions for flows in symmetric curved walled channels. In this scheme a class of non-linear Jeffery-Hamel solutions appear at O(1), and thus provide the first approximation to the steady state stream function. This class of Jeffery-Hamel solutions are evaluated by using a simple perturbation about Poiseuille flow. The classic Orr-Sommerfeld eigenproblem appears at O(1) in the asymptotic development of the time dependent stream function, but here there is a slow streamwise dependence. This eigenvalue problem, for a complex wave number, is solved using an algorithm which automatically provides an initial guess which is then used to iterate to the correct eigenvalue. Higher order terms in the asymptotic development, for both the steady state and time dependent stream functions, are evaluated to provide a solution for the total stream function.     

关于对流差分格式有界性与CBC准则的讨论

通常认为CBC准则是差分格式有界性的充分条件。本文采用满足与不满足CBC准则的两种高阶差分格式对非线性问题进行了求解,重新讨论了格式有界性与CBC准则的关系,得出结论如下：在数值方法稳定的前提下,CBC准则下的有界模式是求解有界的充分条件,而非必要条件;此外,文章还分析了张涵信三阶精度格式的特点。     

Fourth order finite volume solution to shallow water equations and applications

This study presents the fourth order accurate finite volume solution to shallow water equations. Fourth order accuracy in space was provided by using the Monotone Upstream‐centered Schemes for Conservation Laws–Total Variation Diminishing scheme, whereas fourth order accurate solution in time was achieved by using the third order predictor scheme of Adams–Basforth followed by the fourth order corrector scheme of Adams–Moulton. The applicability and accuracy of the solution algorithm were explored on complex flow conditions. These flow conditions cover a theoretical well‐known partial two‐dimensional dam break problems and an experimental flow in a compound channel with or without a bridge. The applicability limits of the solution algorithm were discussed. The overall performance of the solution was found to be reasonably good. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite‐difference 4th‐order compact scheme for the direct numerical simulation of instabilities of shear layers

An algorithm based on the 4th‐order finite‐difference compact scheme is developed and applied in the direct numerical simulations of instabilities of channel flow. The algorithm is illustrated in the context of stream function formulation that leads to field equation involving 4th‐order spatial derivatives. The finite‐difference discretization in the wall‐normal direction uses five arbitrarily spaced points. The discretization coefficients are determined numerically, providing a large degree of flexibility for grid selection. The Fourier expansions are used in the streamwise direction. A hybrid Runge–Kutta/Crank–Nicholson low‐storage scheme is applied for the time discretization. Accuracy tests demonstrate that the algorithm does deliver the 4th‐order accuracy. The algorithm has been used to simulate the natural instability processes in channel flow as well as processes occurring when the flow is spatially modulated using wall transpiration. Extensions to three‐dimensional situations are suggested. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于非结构网格求解二维浅水方程的高精度有限体积方法

采用HLL格式,在三角形非结构网格下采用有限体积离散,建立了求解二维浅水方程的高精度的数值模型.本文采用多维重构和多维限制器的方法来获得高精度的空间格式以及防止非物理振荡的产生,时间离散采用三阶Runge-Kutta法以获得高阶的时间精度.基于三角形网格,底坡源项采用简单的斜底模型离散,为保证计算格式的和谐性,对经典的HLL格式计算的数值通量中的静水压力项进行了修正.算例证明本文提出的方法的和谐性并具有高精度的间断捕捉能力和稳定性.     

Research of influence of reduced-order boundary on accuracy and solution of interior points

The flow field with a high order scheme is usually calculated so as to solve complex flow problems and describe the flow structure accurately.However,there are two problems,i.e.,the reduced-order boundary is inevitable and the order of the scheme at the discontinuous shock wave contained in the flow field as the supersonic flow field is low.It is questionable whether the reduced-order boundary and the low-order scheme at the shock wave have an effect on the numerical solution and accuracy of the flow field inside.In this paper,according to the actual situation of the direct numerical simulation of the flow field,two model equations with the exact solutions are solved,which are steady and unsteady,respectively,to study the question with a high order scheme at the interior of the domain and the reduced-order method at the boundary and center of the domain.Comparing with the exact solutions,it is found that the effect of reduced-order exists and cannot be ignored.In addition,the other two model equations with the exact solutions,which are often used in fluid mechanics,are also studied with the same process for the reduced-order problem.     

Verification of a mixed high‐order accurate DNS code for laminar turbulent transition by the method of manufactured solutions

This paper presents results on a verification test of a Direct Numerical Simulation code of mixed high‐order of accuracy using the method of manufactured solutions (MMS). This test is based on the formulation of an analytical solution for the Navier–Stokes equations modified by the addition of a source term. The present numerical code was aimed at simulating the temporal evolution of instability waves in a plane Poiseuille flow. The governing equations were solved in a vorticity–velocity formulation for a two‐dimensional incompressible flow. The code employed two different numerical schemes. One used mixed high‐order compact and non‐compact finite‐differences from fourth‐order to sixth‐order of accuracy. The other scheme used spectral methods instead of finite‐difference methods for the streamwise direction, which was periodic. In the present test, particular attention was paid to the boundary conditions of the physical problem of interest. Indeed, the verification procedure using MMS can be more demanding than the often used comparison with Linear Stability Theory. That is particularly because in the latter test no attention is paid to the nonlinear terms. For the present verification test, it was possible to manufacture an analytical solution that reproduced some aspects of an instability wave in a nonlinear stage. Although the results of the verification by MMS for this mixed‐order numerical scheme had to be interpreted with care, the test was very useful as it gave confidence that the code was free of programming errors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A lattice Boltzmann method for KDV equation

We prepose a 5-bit lattice Boltzmann model for KdV equation. Using Chapman-Enskog expansion and multiscale technique, we obtained high order moments of equilibrium distribution function, and the 3rd dispersion coefficient and 4th order viscosity. The parameters of this scheme can be determined by analysing the energy dissipation. The project supported by the Foundation of the Laboratory for Nonlinear Mechanics of Continuous Media, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences     

Implementing a high‐order accurate implicit operator scheme for solving steady incompressible viscous flows using artificial compressibility method

This paper uses a fourth‐order compact finite‐difference scheme for solving steady incompressible flows. The high‐order compact method applied is an alternating direction implicit operator scheme, which has been used by Ekaterinaris for computing two‐dimensional compressible flows. Herein, this numerical scheme is efficiently implemented to solve the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations in the primitive variables formulation using the artificial compressibility method. For space discretizing the convective fluxes, fourth‐order centered spatial accuracy of the implicit operators is efficiently obtained by performing compact space differentiation in which the method uses block‐tridiagonal matrix inversions. To stabilize the numerical solution, numerical dissipation terms and/or filters are used. In this study, the high‐order compact implicit operator scheme is also extended for computing three‐dimensional incompressible flows. The accuracy and efficiency of this high‐order compact method are demonstrated for different incompressible flow problems. A sensitivity study is also conducted to evaluate the effects of grid resolution and pseudocompressibility parameter on accuracy and convergence rate of the solution. The effects of filtering and numerical dissipation on the solution are also investigated. Test cases considered herein for validating the results are incompressible flows in a 2‐D backward facing step, a 2‐D cavity and a 3‐D cavity at different flow conditions. Results obtained for these cases are in good agreement with the available numerical and experimental results. The study shows that the scheme is robust, efficient and accurate for solving incompressible flow problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Application of a second‐order Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin scheme for the shallow water equations with source terms

The present work addresses the numerical prediction of discontinuous shallow water flows by the application of a second‐order Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin scheme (RKDG2). The unsteady flow of water in a one‐dimensional approach is described by the Saint Venant's model which incorporates source terms in practical applications. Therefore, the RKDG2 scheme is reformulated with a simple way to integrate source terms. Further, an adequate boundary conditions handling, by the theory of characteristics, was overviewed to be adapted to the external points of the mesh, as well as to some points of local invalidity of the Saint Venant's model. To validate the proposed technique, steady and transient test problems (all having a reference solution) were considered and computed by means of the overall method. The results were illustrated jointly with the reference solution and the results carried out by a traditional second‐order finite volume (FV2) scheme implemented with the same techniques as the RKDG2. The proposed method has proven its practical consideration when solving discontinuous shallow water flow involving: non‐prismatic channels, various cross‐sections, smoothly varying bed topography and internal boundary conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.