CFETR CSMC装配误差下的电磁状态研究

中心螺旋管模型线圈是为了积累中心螺线管线圈设计和制造经验而预研的一套混合超导磁体线圈,该线圈由五大模块组成,高场区采用Nb_3Sn线圈,低场区采用NbTi线圈,可以满足紧凑型聚变装置对低纵横比的要求.然而模型线圈各模块结构复杂、尺寸庞大在装配过程中不可避免的存在装配误差,线圈励磁以后产生的非对称磁场和电磁力将分别影响等离子体的旋转和线圈整体的稳定性.为了详细分析装配误差对线圈磁场和电磁力的影响,选取模型线圈在装配过程中可能出现的典型的装配误差,基于电流丝等效模型计算了NbTi线圈偏置以后Nb_3Sn内外线圈上的磁场和电磁力.计算结果表明,由于装配误差,线圈磁场沿环向呈不均匀分布,轴向电磁力合力不为零;轴向和径向装配误差对线圈磁场和电磁力的影响存在明显的差异;电磁力随着装配误差呈线性增长,当线圈装配误差较大时将引发数倍于线圈自重的电磁力;该研究结果可为偏置状态下模型线圈的耦合场分析和线圈模块的装配方案设计优化提供参考.     

基于环磁美特材料的无线传能系统

传统的四线圈磁共振耦合无线传能系统已在移动电子设备、电动汽车无线充电中得以应用,然而,其传能效率仍然因其磁场空间分布的发散性而难以提高.为了克服上述缺点,我们提出了一种基于环磁美特材料、磁场更为局域的高效无线传能系统.该系统将四线圈系统中的一对磁谐振耦合线圈替换为具有环磁谐振特性的四个非对称开口谐振环.该环磁模式具有高Q值、低金属损耗以及辐射抑制的特性.实验结果表明,相对于四线圈系统,该系统的磁场更为集中,能量传输效率更高.     

并联线圈的等效自感和电流分配问题的讨论

首先讨论了并联(顺接)线圈的等效自感,给出了并联线圈的等效自感随耦合系数及两线圈自身自感的变化关系.然后从理论上详细讨论了并联线圈的电流分配问题,指出在耦合系数较大,互感大于其中一个自感时,电路在接通的暂态过程中,会出现两线圈电流反向的现象,且冲击电流会大于稳态的电流值.最后通过实验测试验证了理论分析的正确性.     

MICE超导耦合磁体线圈等效弹性模量辨识

应用于"μ介子离子化冷却实验装置(MICE)"的超导耦合磁体系统是MICE中的三大关键设备之一。耦合磁体线圈内径为1 500mm,长度为285mm,厚度为110.4mm,采用方形截面1.65×1.00mm2的NbTi复合超导线。每层导线之间为环氧和绝缘玻璃纤维布,每匝导线之间为环氧,线圈具有复杂的正交各向异性性质。根据线圈横截面细观结构的周期性,选出单根导线与周围的绝缘材料为代表性体积元(Representative Volume Element,RVE),基于能量等效原理得出线圈等效弹性模量的含义,然后根据细观力学有限元法,采用有限元软件计算了不同边界条件下细观结构代表性体积元的力学响应,得出了线圈平面径向和环向等效弹性模量,结果已经作为基础数据运用在MICE超导耦合磁体的力学计算中。     

NSTX装置RWMEF线圈产生的随机磁扰动的模拟研究

3维的场线积分编码TRIP3D被修改后用于模拟低纵横比托卡马克NSTX装置上的电阻壁模拟误差场（RWMEF）线圈产生的随机磁扰动，两匝的RWMEF线圈可产生环向模数为n=1或者n=3的随机场。研究表明在相同的线圈电流下，模式n=3的随机场比n=1大，在不同的RWMEF电流及其环向模式下，分别模拟了具有下单零和双零偏滤器放电的随机磁扰动。2kA的RWMEF线圈电流可产生足够强的随机场和较大的边缘等离子体扰动，     

ITER超导磁体线圈电磁分析

ITER装置CS线圈、PF线圈、TF线圈是ITER装置超导磁体系统的重要组成部分.电磁性能是超导磁体重要的方面,在研制时对各个线圈的电磁分析是十分重要的.文中通过PRO/E建立模型用Ansys软件,对ITER导体的线圈在其最大工作电流下进行有限元分析,分析的模型分别为:只有CS线圈与PF线圈二维模型;单独TF线圈三维模...     

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设计了HL-2M环向场线圈基本形状、特殊的指形接头和斜面接头以及馈线、绝缘结构和水冷回路。每个环向场线圈由L形中心段、上弧段和外弧段分别通过指形接头和斜面接头组装成完整的D形线圈。分段可拆卸的D形线圈结构可以使得真空室和单个极向场线圈分别整体吊装到环向场线圈内侧。单根引线和双回线的馈线结构既能节省装置空间,又能降低杂散磁场。TF线圈匝间绝缘500V,对地绝缘30kV。采用软焊在线圈旁侧槽内的铜管对线圈进行水冷以带走线圈放电产生的焦耳热。     

平板型感应耦合等离子体源的线圈配置对功率耦合效率的影响

基于感应耦合等离子体的变压器模型，分析了感应耦合等离子体的功率耦合效率与线圈配置(几何尺寸、电学参量)及等离子体基本参量(等离子体电子密度、电子-中性粒子有效碰撞频率)之间的关系；然后，改变平板型线圈的匝数从而改变了线圈的几何尺寸、电学参量，并且测量出了不同的线圈所对应的功率耦合效率.实验结果表明，线圈的电感量是能否实现放电的决定性因素；而功率耦合效率则与感应线圈的Q值、放电参量(气压、功率)等密切相关，射频输入功率的增加、放电气压的上升都会导致感应耦合等离子体耦合效率的提高，这与感应耦合等离子体的变压器模型预测结果是符合的. 然而，变压器模型给出的提高线圈Q值可导致耦合效率增强的预测结果仅适用于同等电感量的线圈条件. 本文对于单线圈的感应耦合等离子体源的研究为线圈的优化设计甚至大面积的多线圈感应耦合等离子体源研制提供了理论依据. 关键词： 感应耦合等离子体 功率耦合效率 变压器模型     

CRAFT TF导体弯绕成形力学仿真与试验

聚变堆主机关键系统综合研究设施(CRAFT)是为了探索与建设中国聚变工程试验堆(CFETR)关键技术和原型系统的大科学装置.环向场(Toroidal Field, TF)线圈是CRAFT系统的重要组成部分，旨在研制出用于CFETR环向场原型线圈.本文基于弹塑性力学理论，通过建立TF导体连续弯绕成形有限元分析模型，对TF导体弯曲成形过程进行力学仿真，获得了TF导体在成形过程中的应力、应变和成形力等力学参数，预测了TF线圈绕制过程导体截面变形、回弹、应力和应变情况，并采用TF导体开展了弯曲成形验证试验，为TF线圈的精密绕制和成形设备的工程设计提供了可靠的依据.     

不同线圈结构高温超导脉冲变压器电磁性能分析

高温超导脉冲变压器是电感储能型脉冲功率电源的重要设备之一,在脉冲功率技术中有良好的发展前景。选择合理的线圈结构,能提升超导脉冲变压器的储能密度,降低脉冲功率电源的成本。设计了采用D型、跑道型线圈的单模块超导脉冲变压器,利用有限元仿真软件Ansys EM建立了三种结构超导变压器的模型,计算并分析了结构对脉冲变压器耦合系数和超导线圈储能密度的影响。仿真结果表明,当带材总量一定,圆环形线圈和D型线圈单模块超导脉冲变压器的储能容量和耦合系数较高,跑道型线圈较低;考虑线圈中心空气域,D型线圈变压器的超导线圈储能密度最大。     

Self-organization of five species in a cyclic competition game

Cyclic competition game models, particularly the “rock–paper–scissors” model, play important roles in exploring the problem of multi-species coexistence in spatially ecological systems. We propose an extended “rock–paper–scissors” game to model cyclic interactions among five species, and find that two of the five can coexistent when biodiversity disappears, which is different from the “rock–paper–scissors” game. As the number of fingers is five, we named the new model the “fingers” game, where the thumb, forefinger, middle finger, ring finger, and little finger cyclically dominate their subsequent species and are dominated by their former species. We investigate the “fingers” model in two ways: direct simulations and nonlinear partial differential equations. An important finding is that the number of species in a cyclic competition game has an influence on the emergence of biodiversity. To be specific, the “rock–paper–scissors” model is in favor of maintaining biodiversity in comparison with the “fingers” model when the variables (population size, reproduction rate, selection rate, and migration rate) are the same. It is also shown that the mobility and reproduction rate can promote or jeopardize biodiversity.     

Contrastive analysis on tone between Putonghua and Taiwan Mandarin

The differences of the pitch and duration of Chinese syllables between Putonghua （PTH） and Taiwan Mandarin （TM） were studied. The speech materials to be used are not only isolated syllables, but also sentences. The results reveal that： For the isolated syllables, T1 and T2 in TM are influenced by Minnan dialect, therefore their pitch are lower than those in PTH. T3 is fall-rise in PTH, while it is fall in TM. Moreover, the syllable duration sequence for different tone is T3〉T2〉T1〉T4 in PTH, while it is T1〉T2〉T3〉T4 in TM. For the syllables in sentences, T2 is mid-rise in PTH, while it is mid-level in TM. And the T3 is longer than T4 but shorter than T1 or T2 in PTH, while it is the shortest in TM. Furthermore the effects of prosodic phrase boundary on duration for different tones are almost the same in PTH, but the lengthening part of T1 or T2 is longer than that of T3 or T4 in TM.     

Experimental study on downstep in Chinese intonation

Downstep in pitch contour of Chinese Putonghua is examined using subtly designed sentences by controlling tone combinations. The results show both automatic and nonautomatic downstep phenomena exist in Chinese. In non-automatic downstep, low tones compress downwards the pitch range of the following syllables. and the main influence of downstep is on topline. Low tone not only lower the topline behind it, but also raise the high tones before it, the effects are compatible with each other. In automatic downstep, the topline of pitch contour in intonational phrase is presented as a linear downtrend, but it differs among speakers due to the effect of personal stress practice. In comparison with downstep phenomenon in other tone or non-tone languages, the downstep ratio in Chinese is not constant, and the domain of downstep is not limited within the adjacent tones.     

Abelian-Higgs phase of SU(2) QCD and glueball energy

It is shown that SU(2) QCD admits an dual Abelian-Higgs phase, with a Higgs vacuum of a type-Ⅱ superconductor. This is done by using a connection decomposition for the gluon field and the random-direction approximation. Using a bag picture with soft wall, we presented a calculational procedure for the glueball energy based on the recent proof for wall-vortices [Nucl. Phys. B 741(2006)1].     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Signal generation in an isotropic medium in scanning electron acoustic microscope

Based on the research in Ref. [5][Materials Science and Engineering, 1989; A122： 57 63], an improved model of heat source is set up, the different modes of Lamb wave in an isotropic sample generated by a chopped electron beam at frequency f are obtained with integral transform and normal function expansion method, and the output signal of PZT coupled at the back surface of the sample is found out. The generation mechanism of SEAM （Scanning Electron Acoustic Microscopy） signal is discussed. It shows that the SEAM is a near field imaging technique with high spatial resolution and its best lateral spatial resolution is about 2√2α （α is the radius of the focused electron beam）. Some of experimental results of SEAM images are presented in the paper and it shows that the spatial resolution of SEAM is better than 0.5 μm and smaller than the thermal diffusion length of the sample. Therefore the character of near field imaging in SEAM is also proved experimentally.     

High efficiency filtering using two-dimensional photonic crystal coupled cavity structures

Transmission spectra of coupled cavity structures (CCSs) in two-dimensional (2D) photonic crystals (PCs) are investigated using a coupled mode theory, and an optical filter based on CCS is proposed. The performance of the filter is investigated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, and the results show that within a very short coupling distance of about 3λ, where λ is the wavelength of signal in vacuum, the incident signals with different frequencies are separated into different channels with a contrast ratio of 20 dB. The advantages of this kind of filter are small size and easily tunable operation frequencies.