共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
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当两个原子,每个原子由电子和它的反粒子(即正电子)组成,相互碰撞会发生什么变化呢?现在美国加州大学河边分校科学家Allen Mills教授研究小组发现这些被称为自然界不稳定正电子素原子(亦称电子偶素,符号为Ps)在相互作用后变成更不稳定,正电子素原子相互碰撞湮没,产生威力强大的1辐射.实验结果首次推测正电子素分子(Ps2)的存在,每个分子由两个电子和两个正电子组成.这种物质一反物质对至今实验上未被发现和研究,将开辟关于反物质性质全新领域的研究。 相似文献
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间接驱动惯性约束聚变真空或者近真空黑腔实验中,纳秒激光烧蚀产生的腔壁等离子体可以在靶丸烧蚀等离子体(或低密度填充气体)中驱动无碰撞静电冲击波,冲击波电场会以二倍冲击波速度反射离子。为了测量纳秒激光驱动非相对论无碰撞静电冲击波产生的10 keV量级的反射离子能谱,设计了低能汤姆逊离子谱仪。利用Geant4建模,对离子测量过程进行了全过程蒙特卡罗模拟,用以评估靶室残余气体和喷气气体对低能离子测量的影响。模拟结果显示,靶室残余气体会造成10 keV量级D离子信号在谱仪电场和磁场方向展宽。电场方向的展宽会增加不同荷质比离子谱线发生交叠的风险,而磁场方向的展宽会导致离子能谱展宽。喷气气体会造成离子信号向低能区移动并拖尾,导致测量的离子谱偏离真实的反射离子能谱。 相似文献
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Focusing of light pulses emitted by a Q-switched laser, which have a duration of some nanoseconds, into a medium leads to laser-induced breakdown. The shockwaves produced by this propagate through the medium and can interact with inhomogeneities situated within the medium and consequently cause destruction. Because of the increasing interest in these short light pulses in the medical field the interaction of the shockwaves with biological tissue has been investigated. The observed results indicate the influence of two physical quantities of the shockwave: the peak pressure and the duration. 相似文献
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We investigate the influence of environmental media on ablation rate of AISI 443 stainless steel under femtosecond(fs) laser single raster scan and multiple raster scans in air, water, and methanol. Meanwhile, the development of ablation rate with the change of fs laser-induced surface morphology in the three environmental media is comparatively studied. The results show that environmental media as well as fs laser-induced morphology control the ablation rate with the increasing number of raster scans(N). Under single raster scanning(N = 1), the ablation rate is higher in liquid than in air due to the confinement of plasma, laser-induced shockwaves, and bubble-related mechanical forces. However, under multiple raster scans, the variation in ablation rate with the increase in N in these three environmental media is complicated and is largely determined by the surface morphology induced by previous fs laser ablation. When N > 20, the ablation rate is much higher in air than in liquids due to preferential ablation caused by the formation of nanostructures-textured mound-shaped microstructures in air. Besides, the redeposition of ejected ablated materials is also an important factor that affects the ablation depth. 相似文献
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R. Katoh Y. Tasaka E. Sekreta M. Yumura F. Ikazaki Y. Kakudate S. Fujiwara 《Ultrasonics sonochemistry》1999,6(4):252
Sonochemical production of a carbon nanotube has been studied. The carbon nanotube is produced by applying ultrasound to liquid chlorobenzene with ZnCl2 particles and to o-dichlorobenzene with ZnCl2 and Zn particles. It is considered that the polymer and the disordered carbon, which are formed by cavitational collapse in homogeneous liquid, are annealed by the inter-particle collision induced by the turbulent flow and shockwaves. 相似文献
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Ikurou Umezu Shigeki Yamamoto Akira Sugimura 《Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing》2010,101(1):133-136
We observed plume expansion dynamics during pulsed laser ablation when two plumes collided head-on. Si and Ge targets were
placed parallel each other, and they were irradiated simultaneously by two pulsed lasers. A new emission appeared near the
center of the targets from 250 ns after the irradiation. However, the predominant ejected species is neutral SiI or GeI at
this time region when an individual single target is irradiated, and the new emission emerged by collision is a mixture of
ionized SiII and GeII. This indicates that the kinetic energy of the collision excites the species to an ionized state. The
intensity of this new emission decreased by increasing the background gas pressure. This suggests that collision between two
plumes induces a higher-temperature plasma. Since the new emission is composed of ionized Si and Ge species and remains a
relatively long period after the collision, this technique will provide a new reactive field to prepare a new kind of alloy
nanomaterials. 相似文献
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To find a model that describes the gas diffusion on irradiated polymers (Makrofol KG polycarbonate) the diffusion constants have been measured with argon as diffusion gas. The polymers were irradiated with uranium, gold and lead ions of about 10 MeV/u and ion fluences between 1×1010 and 4×1011 ions/cm2. The ion irradiated probes show two quite different dependencies of the diffusion constant on the ion energy loss. These effects are strongly related to the fluence of the irradiation. In case of low ion fluences, the diffusion constant is up to 8 times higher than that of pristine material. In the probes with high ion fluences we observe a decrease of diffusion constant to half the value of the pristine material. To understand the dependence of the diffusion constant on ion fluences we apply a model of compacting. This model describes the compacting ability of shockwaves arising from latent tracks. A track formation model is suggested. When an ion penetrates the foil it creates shockwaves around its path. These shockwaves put compacting forces on earlier created latent tracks in the same foil. 相似文献
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Tapas Kumar Maji Malay Kumar Ghorui Asit Saha Prasanta Chatterjee 《Brazilian Journal of Physics》2017,47(3):295-301
In this study, we investigate the oblique collision of two ion-acoustic waves (IAWs) in a three-species plasma composed of electrons, positrons, and ions. We use the extended Poincare-Lighthill-Kuo (PLK) method to derive the two-sided Korteweg-de-Vries (KdV) equations and Hirota’s method for soliton solutions. The effects of the ratio (δ) of electron temperature to positron temperature and the ratio (p) of the number density of positrons to that of electrons on the phase shift are studied. It is observed that the phase shift is significantly influenced by the parameters mentioned above. It is also observed that for some time interval during oblique collision, one practically motionless composite structure is formed, i.e., when two ion-acoustic waves with the same amplitude interact obliquely, a new non-linear wave is formed during their collision, which means that ahead of the colliding ion-acoustic solitary waves, both the amplitude and width are greater that those of the colliding solitary waves. As a result, the nonlinear wave formed after collision is a new one and is delayed. The oblique collision of solitary waves in a two-dimensional geometry is more realistic in high-energy astrophysical pair plasmas such as the magnetosphere of neutron stars and black holes. 相似文献
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基于相应的数学模型来表征液电脉冲激波的产生和传播过程,搭建了液电式碎岩综合试验平台,分析了典型的激波特性的仿真和实测结果。给出了不同充电电压下液电脉冲激波特性的仿真结果,并分析了充电电压对激波特性的影响。结果表明:充电电压为11 kV时,激波的压力峰值为2.67 MPa,激波能量为27.30 J,波前时间为2.16μs,激波加载速率为1.24 MPa/μs,电能转化为激波能量的效率为13.35%;提高电容充电电压,激波压力峰值和激波能量增大,波前时间减少,激波加载速率增加,但电能转化为激波能量的效率降低。利用建模分析的方法,可以根据放电回路参数预测液电脉冲激波特性,从而为进一步研究激波破碎岩石的形态和效果提供理论依据。 相似文献
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The pattern of angular correlations of hadrons with a (semi-)hard trigger hadron in heavy-ion collisions has attracted considerable interest. In particular, unexpected large angle structures on the away side (opposite to the trigger) have been found. Several explanations have been brought forward, among them Mach shockwaves and Cherenkov radiation. Most of these scenarios are characterized by radial symmetry around the parton axis, thus angular correlations also determine the rapidity dependence of the correlation. If the observed correlations are remnants of an away side parton after interaction with the medium created in the collision, pQCD allows to calculate the distribution P(y) of the away side partons in rapidity. The measured correlation then arises as a folding of P(y) and the rapidity structure of the correlation taking into account the detector acceptance. This places non-trivial and rather stringent constraints on the underlying scenario. We investigate these dependences and demonstrate that Mach shockwaves survive this folding procedure well whereas Cherenkov radiation scenarios face new challenges. 相似文献
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Anderson P Sampathkumar A Murray TW Gaitan DF Glynn Holt R 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2011,130(5):3389-3395
An experimental setup for nucleating clouds of bubbles in a high-pressure spherical resonator is described. Using nanosecond laser pulses and multiple phase gratings, bubble clouds are optically nucleated in an acoustic field. Dynamics of the clouds are captured using a high-speed CCD camera. The images reveal cloud nucleation, growth, and collapse and the resulting emission of radially expanding shockwaves. These shockwaves are reflected at the interior surface of the resonator and then reconverge to the center of the resonator. As the shocks reconverge upon the center of the resonator, they renucleate and grow the bubble cloud. This process is repeated over many acoustic cycles and with each successive shock reconvergence, the bubble cloud becomes more organized and centralized so that subsequent collapses give rise to stronger, better defined shockwaves. After many acoustic cycles individual bubbles cannot be distinguished and the cloud is then referred to as a cluster. Sustainability of the process is ultimately limited by the detuning of the acoustic field inside the resonator. The nucleation parameter space is studied in terms of laser firing phase, laser energy, and acoustic power used. 相似文献