质交换的新型集成光学TM通偏振器的研究

提出了用扩钛和质子交换相结合的方法在ｘ－切,ｙ传的ＬｉＮｂＯ３衬底上制成ＴＭ通集成光波导偏振器的新方案,即在扩钛波导两侧的适当位置引入锯齿形的质子交换区。用二维ＢＰＭ法分析了这类新型偏振器的消光特性,给出质子交换区几何开头以及质子交换区与扩钛波导之间的间隙对ＴＥ波消光比的影响,给出数值分析结果,并得到了优于２３ｄＢ的实验结果。     

集成光学TM模偏振器的制作

用扩钛和质子交换相结合的方法在ｘ切ｙ传ＬｉＢｎＯ３衬底上制成了ＴＭ模集成光波导偏振器。质子交换区位于扩钛波导的末端两侧。在质子交换区域Δｎｅ〉０，Δｎ０〈０，因此ＴＥ模辐射进入衬底。偏振器工作于１．３μｍ波长，消光比优于４７ｄＢ，光纤０－波导－光纤插入损耗３．５ｄＢ。     

632.8nm波长质子交换光波导型偏振器的研究

在可见光域研制出钛扩散铌酸锂质子交换光波导偏振器，同时，给出波导偏振器参数测试装置。在理论上，利用物理光学和波导色散理论分析与计算了这种偏振器的消光比，分析了影响器件性能的各种因素，理论计算与实验结果符合良好。     

1.5μm质子交换铌酸锂光波导TE0模偏振器

在１．５μｍ光波长，首次研制出质子交换铌酸锂光波导ＴＥ０模偏振器。器件由嵌在Ｔｉ扩散波导之间的一段质子交换波导构成，器件长度为２ｍｍ。实验测得，偏振器的消光比和带尾纤插入损耗分别为４２ｄＢ和４．３ｄＢ。     

X切H∶LiNbO_3光波导的工艺仿真研究

对于X切H∶LiNbO3光波导,在532nm和1310nm波长下,用棱镜耦合器进行了工艺仿真研究.对于在150℃,180℃和200℃用苯甲酸质子交换的光波导,分别求得交换厚度与交换时间的关系曲线,在此基础上给出质子交换的扩散系数与交换温度的关系曲线.对于在180℃质子交换并在350℃退火的光波导,给出以交换时间(交换厚度)为参变量的表面折射率增量、有效厚度与退火时间的关系曲线.研究结果可供低损耗α相单模波导的设计和制备做参考.     

X切H:LiNbO3光波导的工艺仿真研究

对于X切H:LiNbO₃光波导,在532 nm和1310 nm波长下,用棱镜耦合器进行了工艺仿真研究.对于在150℃,180℃和200℃用苯甲酸质子交换的光波导,分别求得交换厚度与交换时间的关系曲线,在此基础上给出质子交换的扩散系数与交换温度的关系曲线.对于在180℃质子交换并在350℃退火的光波导,给出以交换时间(交换厚度）为参变量的表面折射率增量、有效厚度与退火时间的关系曲线.研究结果可供低损耗α相单模波导的设计和制备做参考.     

基于偏振串扰分析仪的LiNbO_3集成Y波导的测试方法

结合分布式偏振串扰分析仪,利用琼斯矩阵对LiNbO_3集成Y波导进行理论建模分析,并且得到了实验验证。实验证明,偏振串扰分析仪能评估出Y波导的整体消光比,且能够测试出Y波导内部的一个缺陷的串扰值,弥补了强度型消光比测试仪的不足。最后用单偏振光纤验证了Y波导测试结果的合理性。分布式偏振串扰分析仪在实际应用中对筛选性能更加优异的LiNbO_3集成光学芯片有着重要意义。     

飞秒激光光刻波导偏振器

飞秒激光诱导折射率变化提供了一种灵活的三维光子器件制作手段.飞秒激光光刻的II类波导具有偏振导光特性,可以作为波导偏振器,但是对于要保留的偏振分量损耗太大.本文阐述了一种利用飞秒激光在熔融石英中制作的新型低损耗波导偏振器.它由中间的一根I类波导及两侧的两根II类纳米光栅轨迹构成.基于飞秒激光诱导的纳米光栅的偏振依赖散射特性,II类纳米光栅轨迹能够对I类波导的倏逝场进行调制.偏振方向垂直于纳米光栅的模式相对于偏振方向平行于纳米光栅的模式有更大的散射损耗,因此导通的是偏振方向平行于纳米光栅的模式.研究了消光比随I类波导与II类纳米光栅轨迹之间的间距的变化关系,选择一个最佳间距来进一步研究消光比随II类纳米光栅轨迹长度的变化关系.在间距6 μm,II类纳米光栅轨迹扫描长度6 mm处实现了最大15.91 dB的消光比.通过增加II类轨迹的长度或者数量,很容易得到更高的消光比.     

金属包层单模光纤偏振器的分析

给出计算金属包层单模光纤偏振器中两种正交偏振模式的损耗系数，偏振器的消光比与插入损耗的微扰分析方法。本法计算较简便，且能分析光纤芯区被部分刻蚀的情况，此情况的分析尚未报道。其计算结果与实验结果符合。     

1.5μm Ti:LiNbO_3光波导TE_0模偏振器

在1.523μm波长He-Ne激光,对于Z切Ti扩散LiNbO_3光波导及其带有金属包覆/介质缓冲层的偏振器结构,理论上计算了单模波导的工艺参数和基模的吸收损耗系数.文中用TM_0模的共振吸收效应,在1.5μm波长首次研制成Ti:LiNbO_3光波导TE_0模偏振器.当器件长度为2mm和9mm时,其消光比分别为20dB和25dB.     

Dye-doped polymeric planar waveguide devices based on a thermal UV-bleaching technique

A new type of single-mode embedded dye-doped polymeric planar waveguide device based on cross-linkable negative photoresist has been successfully designed and fabricated using a UV-bleaching technique. A notable difference in the refractive index of the resist between exposed and un-exposed regions was observed, which was found to be dependent on the curing temperature. The new fabrication technique is a simple, rapid, and controllable process. The easy-to-fabricate waveguide structure is suitable for planar light-wave circuit applications. By optimizing the poling temperature and the dopant levels of Disperse Red 1, the material showed excellent photostability and exhibited a electro-optic coefficient, γ₃₃, of 25 pm/V. The dye-doped polymeric planar waveguide devices will be useful in realizing electro-optic (EO) modulators and switches.     

Proton beam writing of Nd:GGG crystals as new waveguide laser sources

Focused proton beam writing has been utilized to fabricate optical channel waveguides in Nd:GGG crystals. The 1?MeV proton beam irradiation creates a local modified region with positive refractive index changes at the end of the proton trajectory, in which the channel waveguide could confine the light field in a symmetric way. Room-temperature laser emission has been achieved at 1063.7?nm, with absorbed pump power of 61?mW (at 808?nm). The obtained slope efficiency of the Nd:GGG waveguide laser system is as high as 66%, which is, to our best knowledge, the highest value for integrated lasers from ion beam processed channel waveguide systems.     

Electrically controlled waveguide mode in LC layer for fiber optic applications

A new electrically controlled waveguide mode for optical beams propagating in the plane of a liquid crystal (LC) layer is described. The mode is based on the total internal reflection of light beams from two parallel boundaries, which separates the regions of a liquid crystal cell with different director orientations and refractive indices. In experiments electric field was applied to the initially planar layer to produce the channel with a homeotropic orientation surrounded by the planar regions. It results in focusing and waveguide propagation of a light beam emitted by an optical fiber inserted in a liquid crystal cell. Scattering of light by thermal LC director fluctuations is used to visualize light beams propagation. The obtained waveguide mode can be used for an elaboration of electrically controlled LC switches with low operating voltages. The prototype of such device made with usage of a photolithography and a photo alignment technique is described. The possible ways of optimization of LC-switch are considered.     

Fabrication of Periodic Waveguides Using Organic Crystals and Fluorinated Polyimides for Quasi-Phase-Matched Second-Harmonic Generation

We have developed a new method to fabricate periodic waveguide structures used for quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation, where nonlinear optical organic crystals and fluorinated copolyimides are alternately arranged. Quasi-phase-matched second-harmonic generation from an organic waveguide device has been demonstrated.     

Theoretical expression for change of extraordinary refractive index in annealed proton exchanged LiNbO3 optical waveguides

A general expression for the change in extraordinary refractive index of the annealed proton exchanged LiNbO₃ waveguide has been deduced. The expression deduced explains the experimental results of decrease in change of extraordinary refractive index with annealing. The effect of annealing time has also been incorporated following Cao's model (Cao, Ramaswamy, Srivastava, J. Lightwave Technol. 10 (1992) 1302–1313). The concentration profile of protons in the annealed waveguide has been deduced theoretically, which is consistent with the previous results. The spontaneous polarization has been considered as the central mechanism for change in extraordinary refractive index due to proton exchange with annealing.     

Machining of acrylic-based Y-branch plastic optical fiber coupler with suspended waveguide taper

An acrylic-based Y-branch plastic optical fiber (POF) with a middle suspended waveguide taper has been developed. The suspended high index contrast waveguide taper structure has been designed in such a way that it is surrounded by air-cladding. Non-sequential ray tracing has been performed on the device giving an insertion loss of 4.68 dB and coupling ratio of 50: 50. The middle waveguide taper is constructed on the acrylic block itself without using any additional optical waveguiding medium injected into the engraved taper region. Fabrication of the devices is done by producing the device structures on an acrylic block using high speed computer numerical control (CNC) machining tool. Input and output POF fibers are inserted into this device structure in such a way that they are passively aligned to the middle waveguide taper structure. The device shows an insertion loss of 5.9 dB, excess loss of 2.9 dB and a splitting ratio of 50: 50.     

Design and Fabrication of Integrated-Optic Disk Pickup on LiNbO_3 Substrate

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｔｈｅｒｅｈａｓｂｅｅｎｍｕｃｈｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｏｐｔｉｃａｌｄｉｓｋｍｅｍｏｒｙｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｃａｐａｃｉｔｙｓｔｏｒａｇｅ .Ｉｎｅａｒｌｙ ｐａｐｅｒｓ[1 ,2 ] ,ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄ ｏｐｔｉｃａｎｄ ｍａｇｎｅｔｏｏｐｔｉｃｄｉｓｋｐｉｃｋｕｐｈｅａｄｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｅｄ .Ｔｈｅｏｐｔｉｃａｌｄｉｓｋｐｉｃｋｕｐｈｅａｄｉｓｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｅｄｂｙｉｎｔｅｇｒ…     

Design and Fabrication of Integrated-Optic Disk Pickup on LiNbO3 Substrate

An integrated-optic disk pickup device has been realized on a LiNbO3 substrate. The device is constructed by integrating an aplanatic double-convex aspherical waveguide lens (ADCAWL), a twin-grating focusing beam splitter (TGFBS) and two waveguide deflecting prisms (WDP) on a Ti∶LiNbO3 planar waveguide. The design considerations and fabrication of prototype device are summarized.     

A novel wavelength dispersive device with a dispersive element based on staircase-like straight and parallel arrayed waveguides

We propose a new type of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer/demultiplexer based on modified group refractive index. This device is composed by an array of straight and parallel waveguides of equal length and each waveguide consist of two sections with different width. The length of the two sections are changed from a waveguide to the adjacent one following a linear dependence resulting in a wavelength dispersive waveguide array. An example of the device design for silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform is provided and numerical simulations have been carried out for various arrayed waveguide parameters. We demonstrate that the group index modification can be used for tailoring device dispersion properties, and that it can also result in new dispersion characteristics predicted numerically not observed in conventional AWGs. Additional advantages are that the demultiplexer does not necessarily require bending waveguide sections as in a conventional AWG (de)multiplexers, and thus yields highly compact devices with potentially very low insertion loss. Channel spacing of 1 nm have been predicted for sub-micron waveguides sizes. In this paper it is also proposed a novel wavefront converter based on waveguide array lens-like element with waveguides broadened sections. Numerical results for different input/output geometries are analized.