MicroRNA-19b通过下调BTG1增加重离子辐射诱导的基因组不稳定性

重离子束放疗可有效杀死肿瘤细胞。研究表明:重离子束能引起癌细胞的基因异常,引发基因组不稳定性。BTG1作为一个重要的G0/G1期相关蛋白,具有强烈的抗细胞增殖能力。以碳离子辐射为手段,通过蛋白质印迹杂交技术发现:人肾癌786-O细胞中BTG1能够对重离子辐射应激产生应答。同时,荧光定量PCR结果显示碳离子辐照后,BTG1转录本与micro RNA-19b的表达水平呈负相关变化。瞬时转染micro RNA-19b类似物于人肾癌786-O细胞中,能够抑制由碳离子辐射引起的BTG1蛋白上调,并增加细胞的微核发生率。因此micro RNA-19b能够通过抑制BTG1的表达,增加重离子辐射诱导的细胞基因组不稳定性。     

Survivin表达在高LET射线诱导细胞凋亡中

先前的研究表明, 肿瘤细胞中survivin的高表达与细胞对高传能线密度(LET)射线的辐射抗性相关。 研究了survivin表达在高LET射线诱导的细胞凋亡中的作用, 发现抑制survivin表达对高LET C离子辐射诱导的Bcl-2和Bax表达没有明显的影响。 在高LET射线辐照中, survivin可能通过抑制caspase-3和-9活性的途径, 抑制了细胞凋亡。It has been proven that over expression of survivin in cancerous cell lines is related to the radioresistance of cells to high LET radiation in previous work. In this study, action mechanisms of survivin gene in apoptosis induced by high LET radiation were investigated. We found that inhibiting survivin by siRNA had no notable influence on Bcl-2 and Bax expressions induced by carbon ions. Survivin depressed cell apoptosis through the inhibition of the activities of caspase-3 and -9 possibly in cell apoptosis induced by high LET radiation.     

Infrared Absorption Spectra of Undoped and Doped Few-Layer Graphenes

The infrared absorption spectra of undoped few-layer graphenes with the layer number of N = 1-6, the hole- and electron-doped few-layer graphenes with the layer number of N =1-4 have been studied based upon the tight-binding model. It is found that in contrast with the featureless optical spectrum of the undoped monolayer graphene, the undoped AB-stacking bi-, tri-, tetra- and more-layer graphene exhibit characteristic jumps in their infrared absorption （IR） spectra, which are caused by coupling between different layers. It is also found that the clear peaks exist in the IR spectra of the hole or electron-doped hi-, tri- and tetra-layer graphenes, which are induced by the strong IR transitions between their parallel valence or conduction bands. Based upon their different IR spectra, a powerful experimental tool has been proposed to identify accurately the layer number and doping type for the few-layer graphenes.     

P53及其相关蛋白对X射线照射肝癌细胞周期的调节

X射线照射人肝癌细胞HepG2， 照射后细胞存活随照射剂量增大明显下降。 流式细胞术分析， 不同剂量组照射后24 h均发生G2期阻滞。 照射后不同时间组的细胞周期分布也有不同， 照射后12 h， 有显著的S期延迟。 Western Blot 显示照射后24 h P53， MDM2， P21蛋白表达上升， 并有时间效应: P53在照射后24 h之内始终维持较高表达, MDM2和P21分别在照射后6和12 h的表达最高。 X射线照射通过影响P53及其相关蛋白的表达影响细胞周期。 HepG2 cells were irradiated with X ray at the doses of 0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 or 8.0 Gy and separately maintained in DMEM at 37 ℃ for 0, 6, 12 or 24 h. Colony forming assay showed that cell survival decreased with the irradiation dose increasing. Cell cycle was detected by FACS, the arrest of S phase was found after 12 h irradiation and arrest of G2 phase took place at 24 h after all irradiation doses, which suggested that cell cycle distribution was different in groups gathered after different maintaining time. The results of Western blotting showed that the expression of P53, MDM2 and P21 increased more after irradiation than the control. The expression of P53 remained high at 24 h after irradiation, while the levels of MDM2 or P21 arrived at the highest at 6 h or 12 h after irradiation respectively. The expressions of P21 after irradiation were in corresponding with the cell cycle distribution in the groups of different maintaining time. In conclusion, irradiation change the distribution of cell cycle by effecting the expression of P53 and its related proteins.     

Direct demodulation method for heavy-atom positions determination in protein crystallography

The first step of phasing in any de novo protein structure determination using isomorphous replacement (IR) or anomalous scattering (AD) experiment is to find heavy-atom positions. Traditionally, heavy-atom positions can be solved by inspecting the difference Patterson maps. Due to the weak signals in isomorphous or anomalous difference and the noisy background in the Patterson map, the searching of heavy atoms may become difficult. Here, the direct demodulation (DD) method is applied to the difference Patterson maps to reduce the noisy backgrounds and sharpen the signal peaks. The real space Patterson search by using these optimized maps can locate the heavy-atom positions more correctly and accurately. It is anticipated that the direct demodulation method can play an assistant role in the heavy-atom positions determination and facilitate the de novo structure determination of proteins.     

Synergistic Effect of Auto-Activation and Small RNA Regulation on Gene Expression

Auto-activation and small ribonucleic acid （RNA）-mediated regulation are two important mechanisms in controlling gene expression. We study the synergistic effect of these two regulations on gene expression. It is found that under this combinatorial regulation, gene expression exhibits bistable behaviors at the transition regime, while each of these two regulations, if working solely, only leads to monostability. Within the stochastic framework, the base pairing strength between sRNA and mRNA plays an important role in controlling the transition time between on and off states. The noise strength of protein number in the off state approaches 1 and is smaller than that in the on state. The noise strength also depends on which parameters, the feedback strength or the synthesis rate of small RNA, are tuned in switching the new insight into gene-regulation mechanism and can be gene expression on and off. Our findings may provide applied in synthetic biology.     

重离子对人胃癌细胞DNA错配修复基因MSH2 表达的影响

采用高传能线密度(LET) 重离子辐照人胃癌SGC7901 细胞,应用流式细胞技术、蛋白质印迹法(Western blot) 及反转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR) 观察重离子诱导人胃癌SGC7901 细胞周期、凋亡和MSH2 表达状况。结果表明: 与对照组相比,SGC7901 细胞在辐射后72 h G2/M 期所占细胞比率(33.26±0.08) 和凋亡率(24.16±0.64) 均达到峰值,且呈时间依赖性增加;经重离子照射后,DNA错配修复基因MSH2 mRNA 和蛋白表达水平在6 h 最高。结果提示:重离子在体外诱导SGC7901 细胞周期阻滞和凋亡,且具有显著的时间依赖性效应;重离子在一定剂量和时间下,诱导了SGC7901 细胞MSH2 基因表达。DNA错配修复基因MSH2 可能参与了重离子辐照诱导胃癌细胞DNA损伤的修复应答。Human gastric cancer cell SGC7901 were irradiated with high linear energy transfer (LET) carbon ion. Apoptotic cells after irradiation were analyzed by flow cytometry and expression of MSH2 genes in the irradiated cells was detected by western blot and RT-PCR assay. Compared with the control group, we found that the number of G2/M (33.26±0.08) or apoptosis (24.16±0.64) of SGC7901 cells reached a maximum after irradiation at 72 h in a dose dependent manner. And heavy ion irradiation efficiently up-regulated the expression of MSH2 gene at 4.0 Gy after being irradiated 6 h. These results imply that heavy ion beam could induce cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in time-dependent manners. Furthermore, expression of MSH2 genes activated by carbon ion irradiation suggests that DNA mismatch repair gene MSH2 might be involved in DNA repair pathways.     

Wavefront dislocations of Gaussian beams nesting optical vortices in a turbulent atmosphere

A phase singularity of the light field created by interference of two Gaussian singular beams which propagate in a weak and near ground turbulent atmosphere is analyzed by the Rytov approximation and the short-term averaging method of the dislocation-position. We demonstrate that an edge or circular dislocation may be formed by both parallel and coaxial or noncoaxial collimated beams with different or equal beam-width interfere. The edge or circular short-term wavefront dislocations of super position field depend on the atmospheric turbulence strength, beam propagation distance, amplitude ratio, dislocation of nesting vortices, and beam-width or beam-width ratio of the individual beams.     

超声诱导对家蝇幼虫基因组DNA影响的谱学研究

超声诱导3日龄家蝇幼虫后提取对照和处理组的基因组DNA,利用紫外光谱、荧光光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振谱对其结构进行分析,并利用PCR对基因组中attacin基因的3′端序列进行测序比较。结果表明,超声诱导能够影响家蝇幼虫基因组DNA的二级结构和碱基堆积状态,进而在DNA复制时造成碱基错配最终导致DNA序列发生改变,但是超声诱导对DNA的化学基团和化学键没有明显的影响。     

BRCA1 and its phosphorylation involved in caffeine-inhibitable event upstream of G2 checkpoint

Caffeine,which specifically inhibits ATM/ATR kinases,efficiently abrogates the ionizing radiation(IR)-induced G2 arrest and increases the sensitivity of various tumor cells to IR.Mechanisms for the effect of caffeine remain to be elucidated.As a target of ATM/ATR kinases,BRCA1 becomes activated and phosphorylated in response to IR.Thus,in this work,we investigated the possible role of BRCA1 in the effect of caffeine on G2 checkpoint and observed how BRCA1 phosphorylation was regulated in this process.For these purposes,the BRCA1 protein level and the phosphorylation states were analyzed by Western blotting by using an antibody against BRCA1 and phospho-specific antibodies against Ser-1423 and Ser-1524 residues in cells exposed to a combination of IR and caffeine.The results showed that caffeine down-regulated IR-induced BRCA1 expression and specifically abolished BRCA1 phosphorylation of Ser-1524,which was followed by an override of G2 arrest by caffeine.In addition,the ability of BRCA1 to transactivate p21 may be required for MCF-7 but not necessary for Hela response to caffeine.These data suggest that BRCA1 may be a potential target of caffeine.BRCA1 and its phosphorylation are most likely to be involved in the caffeine-inhibitable event upstream of G2 arrest.     

样品表面银膜的粗糙度对钛酸钡微球成像性能的影响

研究了样品表面镀有不同表面粗糙度的银膜对钛酸钡（BaTiO₃ glass,BTG）微球成像效果的影响,发现当银膜表面的粗糙度（RMS）从3.23 nm增大到6.80 nm时,用直径为15 μm的BTG微球观察直径为250和580 nm的微球阵列,样品的成像范围增大.另外,BTG微球还可以清晰分辨原本不可分辨的直径为200 nm的微球阵列.结果表明,粗糙银膜引起的散射作用和表面等离激元波的局域场增强效应,使得更多物体的高频信息耦合进微球,提高了微球成像的分辨率和成像范围.     

斑蝥素及其衍生物的谱学研究

研究了斑蝥素、去甲斑蝥素以及去甲斑蝥酸钠结构的光波谱特征,为控制该原料和产品的质量提供依据,并对用喷雾干燥法制备的去甲斑蝥酸-壳聚糖固体分散体的红外光谱进行分析研究. 通过紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱手段对各化合物进行结构分析. 样品斑蝥素、 去甲斑蝥素、去甲斑蝥酸钠及去甲斑蝥酸-壳聚糖固体分散体的光波谱均符合其结构特征. 研究表明紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱是确定已知化合物结构的有效手段,可为斑蝥素衍生物的原料及产品提供定性定量依据.     

明胶与AgBr晶体颗粒相互作用的研究

为了探讨明胶在照相乳剂中的行为 ,用红外光谱法研究了明胶与AgBr晶粒间的相互作用 ,证实了明胶 AgX照相乳剂的晶粒吸附有明胶 .红外光谱分析结果表明 ,明胶与AgBr晶粒间的作用除了明胶与Ag+ 的化学亲和力外 ,明胶与Br- 之间还存在静电作用 .而且 ,明胶的疏水侧链与AgBr晶粒疏水区之间还存在另一种作用力 ,该作用力可能是范德华力 ,它对乳剂红外光谱的影响显示在 10 0 0～ 12 0 0cm- 1.由于用鱼胶和骨胶制作的乳剂在AgBr的晶体形态和乳剂的感光性能方面都显示出明显的差异 ,因此 ,还比较了这两种明胶与AgBr的作用特性     

3-三苯基锗基-1,1-二苯基-1-丙烯及其同系物的拉曼光谱和红外光谱

我们合成了一类多苯基取代的烯丙基锗烷类化合物,并测量了这三种化合物的拉曼光谱和红外光谱。经光谱分析,指认了主要波数所对应的分子振动。在这三种化合物的拉曼光谱中,Ge-Ph均在1000cm-1附近出现非常强的振动峰;烯丙基中的C=C键在1615 cm-1和1595 cm-1附近出现强的振动峰;在1585 cm-1附近出现芳香环的多重振动峰;在3050 cm-1(m)1、025 cm-1(m)、615 cm-1(m)附近出现芳香环的C-H伸缩振动,C-H面内弯曲振动和C-H面外弯曲振动峰;与饱和碳原子相连接的Ge-C振动峰分别出现在595 cm-1、592 cm-1和597 cm-1。在红外光谱中,这类化合物的Ge-C振动和饱和Ge-C振动较为明显,分别出现在1090 cm-1(s)附近和625 cm-1~577 cm-1(w)之间。     

1-二茂铁乙基膦酸的合成与表征

以1-二茂铁乙醇为原料,与三氯化磷反应后加入乙醇酯化,经Michaelis-Arbuzov重排合成1-二茂铁乙基膦酸二乙酯,再通过Me3SiBr-Et3N体系水解制得1-二茂铁乙基膦酸。利用IR、NMR、MS等实验手段对目标产物进行了表征,结果表明与预期结构相符。以1-二茂铁乙醇计算,总收率为35%。     

2,3-二羟基萘钼多酸有机衍生物的合成及1H NMR和IR谱学研究

本文对二种新合成的2，3－二羟基萘二钼和四钼多酸有机衍生物[n-Bu)4N]2[Mo2O5(OC10H6O)2](Ⅰ）和[n-Bu)4N]2[Mo4O10(OC10H6O)2(OCH3)2](Ⅱ)进行了红外光谱与核磁共振波谱研究，发现[Mo2O5]^2 中钼氧多桥键的红外振动频率较[Mo4O10(OCH3)2]^2 中钼氧多桥键的红外振动频率红移，而在配合物Ⅱ中2，3－二羟基中芳环的^1H化学位移较配合物Ⅰ中向低场移动。同时还发现含二钼配位中心[Mo2O5]^2 的[Mo2O5(OC10H6O)2]^2-与含四钼配位中心[Mo4O10(OCH3)2]^2 的[Mo4O10(OC10H6O)2(OCH3)2]^2-生成条件的差异仅仅只在反应体系的pH值的微小变化，说明钼多酸有机衍生物阴离子是对体系酸碱度极为敏感的物质。     

(S)-1-苄基-3-羟基吡咯烷的合成及红外光谱研究

从L-苹果酸出发,经过与苄胺缩合反应得到(S)-1-苄基-3-羟基吡咯烷-2,5-二酮,再通过硼氢化钠-碘体系还原制得重要的医药中间体(S)-1-苄基-3-羟基吡咯烷。采用红外光谱法对原料、中间体及产物进行了测试并对硼氢化钠-碘体系还原酰亚胺的机理进行了研究。通过比较原料、中间体及产物相应特征吸收峰的消失或是出现,可知所得的产物为(S)-1-苄基-3-羟基吡咯烷;还原机理研究表明,硼氢化钠在碘催化下生成的硼烷与酰亚胺中的羰基形成四元环状过渡态,同时另外一分子硼烷与酰亚胺中的氮原子形成N-BH3复合物,然后羰基还原完全,得到(S)-1-苄基-3-羟基吡咯烷-硼烷复合物,最后在甲醇作用下脱去硼烷得到最终产物。