一维快装置中心反应率模拟计算的灵敏度和不确定度分析

采用广义微扰理论和离散纵标输运计算方法,推导了中心反应率比值对重要核反应参数的灵敏度的计算公式。以一维快基准装置Jezebel-Pu239为例,计算了其中心反应率比值对关键核数据的灵敏度,并结合多群协方差数据,分析了其中心反应率比值计算中由于核数据的不确定度所引入的不确定度及其来源。根据计算结果以及评价数据的协方差信息,建议对Pu-239的非弹截面数据进行更精细的评价,以期降低反应率比的模拟计算不确定度。On the base of the generalized perturbation theory and SN method, the theoretical model for calculating the sensitivity and uncertainty of reaction rates ratio (RRR) versus nuclear data is developed. Taking Jezebel-Pu239 critical benchmarking facility as an example, the sensitivity of F49/F25 ratio versus important nuclear data is calculated, as well as the uncertainty arising from the nuclear data. Basing on the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis as well as the covariance information of input evaluated data, refined evaluation of the inelastic data of Pu-239 is considered as a feasible measure to reduce the uncertainty of reaction rates ratios.     

Odd-even Effect of Survival Probability for Superheavy Compound Nuclei

The survival probability of a compound nucleus measures the competition among the neutron evaporation, light charged particle emissions and fission in the process of its de-excitation. It is considered as one of the crucial factors for producing superheavy elements, which is usually described by the existing statistical models[1]. In spite of the well developed statistical theory itself, however, due to the unclearness of the structure of superheavy nuclei, some characteristic quantities for evaluating the fission and particle emission widths are correspondingly ambiguous. This report gives the study on the odd-even effects of the survival probability based on a statistical model. The calculation details can be found.     

Dynamic thermal modeling and parameter identification for a monolithic laser diode module

We improved the thermal equivalent-circuit model of the laser diode module(LDM) to evaluate its thermal dynamic properties and calculate the junction temperature of the laser diode with a high accuracy.The thermal parameters and the transient junction temperature of the LDM are modeled and obtained according to the temperature of the thermistor integrated in the module.Our improved thermal model is verified indirectly by monitoring the emission wavelength of the laser diode against gas absorption lines,and several thermal parameters are obtained with the temperature uncertainty of 0.01 K in the thermal dynamic process.     

Production mechanism of superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions

Within the concept of the dinuclear system (DNS), a dynamical model is proposed for describing the formation of superheavy nuclei in complete fusion reactions by incorporating the coupling of the relative motion to the nucleon transfer process. The capture of two heavy colliding nuclei, the formation of the compound nucleus and the de-excitation process are calculated by using an empirical coupled channel model, solving a set of microscopically derived master equations numerically and applying statistical theory, respectively. Fusion-fission reactions and evaporation residue excitation functions of synthesizing superheavy nuclei (SHN) are investigated systematically and compared them with available experimental data. The possible factors that affecting the production cross sections of SHN are discussed in this workshop.     

Production mechanism of superheavy nuclei in massive fusion reactions

Within the concept of the dinuclear system (DNS), a dynamical model is proposed for describing the formation of superheavy nuclei in complete fusion reactions by incorporating the coupling of the relative motion to the nucleon transfer process. The capture of two heavy colliding nuclei, the formation of the compound nucleus and the de-excitation process are calculated by using an empirical coupled channel model, solving a set of microscopically derived master equations numerically and applying statistical theory, respectively. Fusion-fission reactions and evaporation residue excitation functions of synthesizing superheavy nuclei (SHN) are investigated systematically and compared them with available experimental data. The possible factors that affecting the production cross sections of SHN are discussed in this workshop.     

Effect of nuclear deformation on direct capture reactions

Direct radiative capture processes are well described by a spherical potential model. Since most nuclei are not spherical, and in order for the model to explain direct radiative captures more accurately, the effect of nuclear deformation has been analyzed with q-deformed Woods-Saxon potential in this work. The results imply that nuclear deformation largely affects the direct radiative capture, and it should be taken into account when discussing direct capture reactions.     

Weizsäcker-Skyrme核质量模型的统计误差研究

基于最大值近似估算的方法,系统地研究了Weizsäcker-Skyrme（WS4）核质量模型的参数不确定性,并计算了WS4核质量模型理论预言值的统计误差。WS4核质量模型的理论预言值与实验值的偏差基本都小于模型的统计误差,表明采用最大值近似估算法对WS4核质量模型理论预言的统计误差的分析是简捷而有效的。进一步研究了WS4核质量模型理论计算中最敏感的参数,结果表明,对称能系数相关的两个参数c_sym和κ对中子滴线附近的原子核质量有重要影响。此外还对WS4模型与WS*模型的参数不确定性及统计误差进行了对比研究,WS4模型中各模型参数的不确定性比WS*模型中相应模型参数的不确定性降低了10%~ 50%。The statistical uncertainties of 15 model parameters in the Weizsäcker-Skyrme(WS4) mass model are investigated with an efficient approach, and the propagated errors in the predicted masses are estimated. The discrepancies between the predicted masses and the experimental data are almost all smaller than the model errors. The most sensitive model parameter which causes the largest statistical error is analyzed for all bound nuclei. We find that the two coefficients of symmetry energy term significantly influence the mass predictions of extremely neutron-rich nuclei. In addition, the parameter uncertainties and statistical errors of the WS4 mass model and the WS* mass model are compared. The uncertainties of model parameter in the WS4 mass model is reduced by 10% ~ 50% compared with the WS* mass model.     

Generalization of α-Decay Cluster-Model to Nuclei Near Spherical and Deformed Shell Closures

The cluster model of a-decay is extended to the regions around doubly magic spherical nucleus ^208Pb and around deformed shell closure ^270Hs, respectively. The effects of spherical shell closures (N=126 and Z=82) on α-decay are investigated by introducing an N-dependent α-preformation factor and a Z-dependent one inspired by a microscopic model. Good agreement between the theoretical a-decay half-lives and the measured ones is obtained for the spherical nuclei near the doubly magic nucleus ^208Pb, where the nuclear shell effect is included in the expression of α-preformation factor. The cluster model is also generalized for the decay of deformed nuclei. The branching ratios of α-decays from the ground state of a parent nucleus to the ground state (0^ ) of its deformed daughter nucleus and to the first excited state (2^ ) are calculated in the framework of the cluster model. The results indicate that a measurement of α spectroscopy is a feasible method to extract the information of nuclear deformation of superheavy nuclei around the deformed nucleus ^270Hs.     

推广的液滴模型及其应用

简单介绍了近年来在研究重核和超重核衰变性质及熔合反应方面取得的理论成果和面临的挑战,着重阐述推广的液滴模型(GLDM) 理论框架及其应用。基于原子核的质量数、质子数以及反应Q 值,GLDM考虑了质量和电荷的不对称性、形状演化、亲近势和温度等,很好地描述了重核和超重核的质子放射性、 衰变、重离子放射性、自发裂变的半衰期和重离子熔合反应截面,同时也研究了原子核的粒子(质子、 、重离子) 放射性与自发裂变的竞争。Recent theoretical achievements and challenges about the fusion and decay properties of heavy and superheavy nuclei are generally introduced. Especially, the Generalized Liquid Drop Model(GLDM) as well as its application are emphatically described. Based on the mass number, proton number and the reaction Q value, the GLDM has taken the mass and charge asymmetry, the shape evolution, the proximity potential, as well as the temperature of nucleus into account, well described the proton radioactivity, the decay, the heavy particle radioactivity, the half life of spontaneous fission of heavy nuclei and superheavy nuclei, and the cross-sections of heavy ion fusion. The competitions between the spontaneous fission and other decay modes such as proton and heavy particle radioactivity, the alpha decay, and so on are also studied.     

Study of heavy nuclei at FLNR (Dubna)

Experiments are described and main results presented on the synthesis and decay properties of superheavy nuclides, produced in fusion reactions induced by a ⁴⁸Ca-beam on heavy actinide targets. In such reactions neutron-rich nuclei are formed. For them, according to theory, an abrupt enhancement of stability due to nuclear shell effects is expected. The decay properties of the new nuclides are compared with calculations of theoretical models, which predict the existence of “islands of stability” in the region of hypothetical superheavy elements.     

爆轰流体力学模型敏感度分析与模型确认

验证、确认与不确定度量化(VVUQ)是评估物理模型可信度和量化复杂工程数值模拟结果置信度的系统方法.验证是要回答数值模拟程序是否正确求解了物理模型和程序是否正确实施或给出求解模型的误差、不确定性大小及使用范围,确认是要通过数值结果回答物理模型是否反映了真实客观世界或反映真实客观世界的可信程度.文章围绕爆轰流体力学模型,剖析了模型中不确定性因素,给出了影响模拟结果不确定性的关键因素清单,并对其开展了敏感度分析,确认了模型的适应性.     

Mass-surface predictions near the doubly magic nuclide 78Ni

The mass surface of nuclei close to the doubly magic nuclide ⁷⁸Ni is calculated by two methods. The first relies on the multiparticle shell model based on an effective interaction and a mean nuclear potential. The second employs the concept of so-called “magic crosses” and enables us to determine the masses of odd-odd nuclei close to ⁷⁸Ni by using similarity of the shell structure and neutron-proton interaction in the region of nuclei under consideration and in the region of heavy magic nuclides. The energies of the separation of one and two neutrons from nuclei close to ⁷⁸Ni and the energies of the β decay of these nuclei—recall that these quantities of astrophysical interest—are presented.     

Production and study of heavy neutron rich nuclei formed in multi-nucleon transfer reactions

A new setup is proposed to produce and investigate heavy neutron-rich nuclei located along the neutron closed shell N = 126. This “blank spot” of the nuclear map can be reached neither in fusion–fission reactions nor in fragmentation processes widely used nowadays for the production of exotic nuclei. The present limits of the upper part of the nuclear map are very close to stability while the unexplored area of heavy neutron-rich nuclides along the neutron closed shell N = 126 is extremely important for nuclear astrophysics investigations and, in particular, for the understanding of the r-process of astrophysical nucleosynthesis. A new way was recently proposed for the production of these nuclei via low-energy multi-nucleon transfer reactions. The estimated yields of neutron-rich nuclei are found to be rather high in such reactions and several tens of new nuclides can be produced, for example, in the near-barrier collision of 136Xe with 208Pb. This setup could definitely open a new opportunity in the studies at heavy-ion facilities and will have significant impact on future experiments.     

Gas-cell-based setup for the production and study of neutron rich heavy nuclei

The present limits of the upper part of the nuclear map are very close to stability while the unexplored area of heavy neutron-rich nuclides along the neutron closed shell N = 126 is extremely important for nuclear astrophysics investigations and, in particular, for the understanding of the r-process of astrophysical nucleosynthesis. This area of the nuclear map can be reached neither in fusion–fission reactions nor in fragmentation processes widely used nowadays for the production of exotic nuclei. A new way was recently proposed for the production of these nuclei via low-energy multi-nucleon transfer reactions. The estimated yields of neutron-rich nuclei are found to be significantly high in such reactions and several tens of new nuclides can be produced, for example, in the near-barrier collision of ¹³⁶Xe with ²⁰⁸Pb. A new setup is proposed to produce and study heavy neutron-rich nuclei located along the neutron closed shell N = 126.     

Surface alpha-clustering in the lead region

The effect of shell model configuration mixing on the reduced α-amplitude in heavy nuclei is investigated and discussed with respect to the question of α-clustering in nuclei. It is shown that extensive configuration mixing may enhance the α-amplitude under the Coulomb barrier by huge, largely arbitrary factors. In contrast to this the actual αclustering in the nuclear surface may well be described within the shell model including only relatively few configurations in the open shell.     

原子核的大质量转移反应和丰中子超重核的产生(英文)

迄今为止,人们合成的超重核都是缺中子的,无论是熔合-裂变反应还是碎化过程都无法使产物达到周期表的“东北区域”。而重核之间(如U核之间) 的近垒大质量转移反应则可能是目前生成丰中子超重核和达到未知丰中子重核区域的唯一途径。在改进的量子分子动力学(ImQMD) 模型结合统计模型框架内,研究了U+U等反应体系的大质量转移反应,计算了反应产生的初生态碎片的质量和电荷分布,并成功再现了产物的终态质量和电荷分布。通过比较3 个反应136Xe+248Cm,48Ca+248Cm和238U+248Cm 产生的106号元素的截面大小,揭示了U+U等重核大质量转移反应对产生丰中子超重核是非常有利的。For elements with Z > 100 only neutron deficient isotopes have been synthesized so far. The “northeast area” of the nuclear map can be reached neither in fusion-fission reactions nor in fragmentation processes.The large mass transfer reactions in near barrier collisions of heavy (U-like) ions seem to be the only reaction mechanism allowing us to produce neutron rich heavy nuclei including those located at the superheavy(SH) island of stability and unexplored area of heavy neutron-rich nuclides. This study is extremely important for nuclear astrophysical investigations and, in particular, for the understanding of the r process. In this paper within the Improved Quantum Molecular Dynamics (ImQMD) model combining with the statistical-evaporation model, the large mass transfer reactions, like 238U+238U have been studied. The charge and mass distributions of transiently formed primary fragments are investigated within the ImQMD model and de-excitation processes of those primary fragments are described by the statistical decay model. The mass distribution of the final products in 238U+238U collisions is obtained and compared with the recent experimental data. Through compared the formation cross sections of transfermium element 106 by three reactions of 136Xe+248Cm, 48Ca+248Cm and 238U+248Cm, it is explored that the large mass transfer reactions, like U+U are very benefit for the production of SH nuclei.     

The afterglow characteristics of xenon pulsed plasma for mercury-free fluorescent lamps

The similarity of the abundance of heavy nuclei in the Universe with that of the nuclei produced in the fully reproducible reactions of protons in host metals like palladium, nickel or others is evident and can be described by the same exponential function of the distribution probability N(Z) depending on the proton number Z of the nuclides. This agrees with the earlier derived consequence of a 3 ⁿ relation for magic numbers and an alternative foundation of the nuclear shell model. Compared to femtometer-attosecond reactions in the big bang, the low energy nuclear reactions in the host metals have picometer distances and megasecond duration. For this picometer distance, a combination of the swimming electron layer and Debye screening model with a metal-plasma dielectric model is presented.