碳纤维增强复合材料层合板的抗冲击性能

为了研究碳纤维增强环氧树脂基复合材料层合梁的抗冲击性能,应用金属泡沫弹撞击加载的方式,结合高速摄像机,对等厚度层合梁结构的动态响应和失效行为展开实验研究。研究不同冲击加载强度对层合梁的动态失效过程、变形轮廓、中点变形、失效模式及能量耗散比的影响。结果表明:随着冲击强度的增加,中点变形响应速度随之增加,层合梁变形模式由整体变形转变为局部变形,且局部化效应随之增加,并伴随严重的基体和纤维断裂失效。层合梁能量耗散比随冲击强度的增加而增加,并展现出与结构失效模式直接关联的弹性变形、中心断裂和完全失效3个不同阶段。     

碳纤维-泡沫铝夹芯板低速冲击响应

为研究夹芯结构的低速冲击响应,以碳纤维(T700)/环氧树脂复合材料层合板为上下面板,以闭孔泡沫铝为芯层,模拟夹芯板落锤冲击时的损伤演化过程。复合材料层合板采用三维实体单元建模,基于有限元软件ABAQUS中的用户子程序VUMAT,引入三维Hashin失效准则模拟复合材料的损伤破坏;采用二次应力准则,Cohesive单元模拟黏结层的层间失效;闭孔泡沫铝芯层采用3D Voronoi细观模型建模。分析复合材料夹芯结构在落锤冲击下的损伤起始、损伤扩展和最终破坏模式,通过锤头的接触力、位移、夹芯板的内能、后面板的最大位移研究夹层结构的能量吸收情况及抗冲击特性,得出了在质量保持不变的情况下,5种芯层相对密度和厚度的耦合关系中的最优设计是芯层相对密度15.0%,厚度为10 mm,为满足实际工程中的需求提供了设计依据。     

金属蜂窝夹芯结构抗水下冲击性能

为揭示高强度水下爆炸冲击载荷作用下金属夹芯结构的抗冲击性能,在实验室开展小尺寸水下爆炸加载技术对金属蜂窝夹芯结构性能影响的实验研究。基于实验结果,开展了全尺寸数值模拟金属蜂窝夹芯结构在水下冲击载荷作用下的动态响应和抗冲击性能研究。结果表明,数值模拟、实验和理论模型计算的结果具有良好的一致性。由于蜂窝芯材相对密度对夹芯结构能量耗散方式和载荷传递机制的影响,结构动态响应、失效模式以及抗冲击性能随着冲击强度的变化表现出较为明显的不同。通过抗冲击参数分析,建立了反映金属蜂窝夹芯结构抗冲击性能的结构横向变形、固支反力、透射脉冲和塑性能耗随冲击强度和芯材相对密度变化的结构-载荷-性能量化关系。     

Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构抗侵彻数值模拟

结合金属/复合材料层合结构的抗侵彻能力,基于混合蜂窝结构低成本、高韧性以及在低速冲击下吸能的特点,设计了一种Al/CFRP(carbon fiber reinforced plastics)/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构,旨在利用各层结构特点,逐步降低弹体速度,高效吸收弹体动能,以达到防护效果。为探究Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构在弹体侵彻下的损伤演化规律及吸能特性,开展了Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构在弹体侵彻下的数值分析,探讨了冲击能量对多层结构抗侵彻性能的影响。结果表明：与Al/CFRP复合结构相比,引入混合蜂窝铝后,结构给予弹体的反作用力增大,在能量不变的情况下,弹体作用板的时间变短。在Al/CFRP/混合蜂窝铝复合夹芯多层结构抗侵彻过程中,Al板和CFRP芯层主要抵抗侵彻以降低弹体速度,混合蜂窝铝主要是吸能。在40 J的冲击能量下,结构总吸能为36.79 J,比吸能为0.217 J/g,蜂窝铝芯层吸能占主要部分,吸能比率为30.3%;随着冲击能量的增大,蜂窝铝芯层的吸能比率增至56.2%,即冲击能量较大时蜂窝铝芯层的吸能效果更好。     

爆炸载荷下舱内泡沫铝夹芯结构的动响应特性

为探索爆炸载荷下舱内夹芯复合结构的动态响应特性与防护效能,采用小尺度舱室结构模型实验,结合有限元数值分析,开展了不同爆炸距离下舱内双层泡沫铝夹芯结构的动响应特性和变形模式研究。分析了不同爆距下舱内爆炸载荷的作用过程和时空分布特性,讨论了在初始冲击波、初始冲击波叠加各壁面二次反射波和舱内爆炸准静态压力3种载荷下泡沫铝夹芯结构的变形模式。爆炸载荷下舱室壁板承受的载荷依次为初始冲击波、各壁面二次反射波和准静态气压。炸药在靠近舱室一端处起爆时,初始冲击波在近端壁的局部效应明显,在远端壁的作用范围更大,与舱室中心爆炸相比,其爆轰产物波动次数更少。泡沫铝夹芯结构的变形过程可分为泡沫芯层压缩、局部凸起变形和整体挠曲变形3个阶段,对应迎爆面板局部凸起叠加整体挠曲大变形、局部凸起叠加整体挠曲大变形和整体挠曲大变形3种变形模式。     

多层级夹芯结构的变形与能量吸收

采用数值模拟与理论分析相结合的方法研究了多层级波纹板夹芯结构在准静态压缩载荷下的变形规律与能量吸收性能,建立了结构临界失效载荷的计算公式,并与数值模拟结果进行了对比,理论预测与数值模拟结果吻合较好。分析了芯层厚度对二级芯层结构在压缩载荷下的变形模式及能量吸收性能的影响,并与一级结构进行了对比。结果表明:二级芯层结构的能量吸收性能显著优于一级芯层结构;随着结构芯层厚度增加,二级结构的比吸能和载荷效率增大;芯层厚度较小时二级单层结构的比吸能高于二级双层和三层结构,二级双层结构的比吸能略高于二级三层结构。     

激光辐照下蜂窝夹芯复合材料结构传热及热烧蚀分析

结合蜂窝结构传热机制与复合材料烧蚀机制，研究了蜂窝夹芯复合材料结构在激光辐照条件下的热响应。针对典型蜂窝单元，建立了细观导热及烧蚀理论模型。基于有限元软件热分析模块和二次开发程序构建了蜂窝夹芯结构的高温传热数值模型，考虑了热物性参数的非线性变化、树脂热解和纤维烧蚀过程。采用连续激光作为加载热源，设计并开展了大气环境中蜂窝结构的热烧蚀实验，获得了蜂窝结构的动态烧蚀特征。结果表明，蜂窝夹芯复合材料结构在激光功率密度为102 W/cm2量级时具有良好的抗烧蚀能力，数值模型能够较为准确地模拟激光加载蜂窝结构过程中的烧蚀温度和树脂、纤维的烧蚀情况，并获得较为真实的烧蚀形貌。     

筋条形状对复合材料加筋壁板低速冲击动态响应的影响

针对复合材料加筋壁板的抗冲击问题,着重考虑筋条形状对其冲击动态响应的影响。通过局部细化的方法分别建立T型、工字型和帽型筋条的复合材料加筋壁板的有限元分析模型,采用黏结接触模拟层与层之间的界面,分析了3种筋条形状的复合材料加筋壁板在低速冲击下的动态响应和损伤情况。根据数值计算结果发现:结构的动态响应与冲击位置的刚度密切相关,T型和工字型筋条复合材料加筋壁板在冲击位置以外的区域发生翘曲;此时T型和工字型筋条的基体拉伸损伤不仅形状相似,而且损伤面积相近;蒙皮与筋条界面相邻两层的铺层角影响分层损伤的面积。     

多孔脆性材料对高能量密度脉冲的吸收和抵抗能力

作用在脆性结构材料表面的高能量密度脉冲会以冲击波的形式传播进入材料内部, 导致压缩破坏和功能失效. 通过设计并引入微孔洞, 显著增强了脆性材料冲击下的塑性变形能力, 从而使脆性结构材料可以有效地吸收耗散冲击波能量, 并抑制冲击诱导裂纹的扩展贯通. 建立格点-弹簧模型并用于模拟研究致密和多孔脆性材料在高能量密度脉冲加载下的冲击塑性机理、能量吸收耗散过程和裂纹扩展过程. 冲击波压缩下孔洞塌缩, 导致体积收缩变形和滑移以及转动变形, 使得多孔脆性材料表现出显著的冲击塑性. 对致密样品、气孔率5%和10%的多孔样品吸能能力的计算表明, 多孔脆性材料吸收耗散高能量密度脉冲的能力远优于致密脆性材料. 在短脉冲加载下, 相较于遭受整体破坏的致密脆性材料, 多孔脆性材料以增加局部区域的损伤程度为代价, 阻止了严重的冲击破坏扩展贯通整个样品, 避免了材料的整体功能失效.     

基于Lagrangian分析法的梯度泡沫金属动态力学行为研究

采用Lagrangian分析法,对梯度泡沫金属在高速冲击下的变形机理和应力响应进行研究。基于3D-Voronoi技术,构建了5种不同密度梯度的泡沫金属细观有限元模型,并进行了高速冲击下的Taylor数值实验,得到不同密度梯度泡沫金属的质点速度分布规律。采用Lagrangian分析法并结合数值实验结果,研究了高速冲击下密度梯度参数对泡沫金属的局部应变分布、应力分布以及冲击波传播与衰减规律的影响。结果表明:负密度梯度泡沫金属比正密度梯度泡沫金属具有更强的抵抗变形能力,且密度梯度参数越小,变形程度越小;负密度梯度泡沫金属的局部压实应力呈线性减小,最大局部压实应力随着密度梯度参数的减小而增大,在冲击端附近可以承受更大的载荷;正密度梯度泡沫金属的局部压实应力分布呈平台状,其最大局部压实应力小于负密度梯度泡沫金属。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.     

A novel methodology for photometric compensation of projection display on patterned screen

We propose a novel methodology based on the projector-camera (ProCam) system to address the photometric compensation issue for the projection display on the patterned screen.The patterned screen is treated as the combination of a perfect white screen and a color modulator.The perfect white screen is used to automatically and accurately characterize the ProCam system offline using the polynomial model,and the parameters of the color modulator can be efficiently recovered by employing only two gray images based on the linear reflectance model.The experimental results show that the color artifacts of the display image can be greatly improved with this methodology,which demonstrates its feasibility and validity in the photometric compensation.     

Direction-of-arrival estimation using matrix spatial prefiltering approach

An approach to direction-of-arrival （DOA） estimation for multiple narrowband farfield signals is proposed. The technique uses a novel matrix spatial prefiltering approach. Specifically, a matrix filter is designed to spatially filter the incoming data snapshots. The un-wanted components arriving from the stopband angular sectors are attenuated and the desired components from the angular sector of interest pass with minimal distortion. The matrix filter spatially filters the element-space data and the output reserves the element-space data property, which makes it very useful by passing sensor data through a spatial prefilter prior to applying many other array processors to attenuate interferences and improve system performance. Several examples of DOA estimation problem are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed spatial prefiltering approach. Results of simulation and real data show that the pre-filter can efficiently attenuate the spatial interferences and significantly improve the estimation and resolution capability of DOA estimators at low signal-to-noise ratios for the sources located inside the passband sector. In addition, the use of spatial prefilter makes it possible to estimate DOAs for multiple sources more than the number of the elements of an array.     

Quantum efficiency calibration of opto-electronic detector by means of correlated photons method

A new calibration method of detectors can be realized by using correlated photons generated in spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) effect of nonlinear crystal.An absolute calibration system of detector quantum efficiency is performed.And its principle and experimental setup are introduced.A continuouswave (CW) ultraviolet (351 nm),diode-pumped,frequency-doubled,and solid-state laser is used to pump BBO crystal.The quantum efficiencies of the photomultiplier at 633,702,and 789 nm are measured respectively.The coincidence peaks are observed using coincidence circuit.Some measurement factors including the filter bandwidth of trigger channel,the detector position alignment and polarization of the pump light are analyzed.The uncertainties of this calibration method are also analyzed,and the relative uncertainties of total calibration are less than 5.8%.The accuracy of this method could be improved in the future.