水下爆炸特性的一维球对称数值研究

 应用数值模拟方法对水下爆炸产生的诸如气泡脉动规律、脉动周期、水中冲击波压力的变化等特性进行了研究。给出了不同装药水下爆炸产生的气泡半径脉动的一些规律、脉动周期变化规律、气泡与水交界面处的压力曲线、爆炸产生的水中冲击波压力和速度的变化等结果。     

铝氧比对含铝炸药水下爆炸载荷及能量输出结构的影响

为了系统地研究铝氧比对含铝炸药水下爆炸载荷及能量输出结构的影响,在验证数值模型有效性的基础上,针对铝氧比分别为0、0.16、0.36、0.63的RDX基含铝炸药,利用耦合欧拉-拉格朗日方法模拟了其水下爆炸连续的全过程,考虑了冲击波载荷和气泡载荷之间的耦合作用,从冲击波、气泡和能量输出结构三方面对影响效应进行评估。计算结果表明:随着铝氧比的增大,含铝炸药水下爆炸冲击波衰减时间常数、冲击波冲量、气泡脉动周期、气泡最大半径以及比气泡能都增大;铝氧比为0.36时,冲击波峰值压力、冲击波能流密度和比冲击波能达到最大。铝粉的加入对气泡能的提高相对于冲击波能更加显著。     

含铝炸药水下爆炸性能的实验研究

对RS211、HL-1、HL-2这3种含铝炸药和TNT炸药进行了水下爆炸实验,测量了4种炸药水下爆炸冲击波压力剖面和气泡脉动周期,获得了4种炸药水下爆炸冲击波的峰值超压、冲量、能量和气泡能。实验结果表明,在所研究的范围内,与TNT炸药相比,含铝炸药的冲击波能量有明显增加,约为TNT炸药的1.20～1.35倍,气泡能有显著增加,约为TNT炸药的1.50～2.30倍,表明在炸药中加入铝粉对于提高炸药水中爆炸威力是有益的。     

高铝含量铝箔膜炸药与铝粉炸药水下爆炸性能的对比分析

为研究铝箔膜炸药的爆炸性能,将铝箔膜与RDX炸药均匀混合并压制成型,得到高铝含量的铝箔膜炸药,与铝粉炸药形成对比,进行水下爆炸实验。通过实验测得两种炸药在不同距离处的冲击波压力时程,分析冲击波压力峰值、冲量、比冲击波能、气泡脉动周期、比气泡能和总能量等主要参数的差异。研究表明:铝箔膜炸药压力峰值的衰减速率低于铝粉炸药,冲量和比冲击波能与铝粉炸药相当;由于铝箔膜的比表面积比铝粉小,纯度相对较高,气泡脉动周期相对较长,因此铝箔膜炸药的比气泡能乃至总能量均略高于铝粉炸药。     

水下爆炸冲击波数值仿真研究

由于在水下爆炸冲击波的数值仿真研究中,水的状态方程、人工黏性系数和网格尺寸对数值计算结果影响很大,采用常规TNT炸药的水下爆炸为例,以冲击波的峰值压力和比冲量为衡量指标,研究了这3个主要影响因素对数值仿真结果的影响。首先,通过采用常用的5种水的状态方程进行系列仿真,给出了各种状态方程的适用范围;其次,讨论了人工黏性系数对计算结果的影响,并给出了一次与二次人工黏性系数的建议取值范围;最后,通过对不同炸药当量及不同网格尺寸开展系列运算,从而得到不同炸药当量在满足工程计算精度要求下所对应的建议网格尺寸,并得到了不同炸药当量所对应的建议网格尺寸的表达式。     

铝纤维炸药水下爆炸性能研究

将纯铝用熔喷法制成铝纤维添加到炸药中,得到新型非理想混合炸药,通过水中爆炸实验,测试不同位置铝纤维炸药的压力时程曲线。对压力时程曲线进行分析,计算得到水下不同位置铝纤维炸药的冲击波压力峰值、冲量、冲击波能和气泡能。结果表明:铝纤维炸药的压力时程曲线可采用指数函数与双曲线函数进行分段描述,而用正态分布函数拟合气泡脉动压力曲线的效果不理想;铝纤维炸药水下爆炸比气泡能与总能量的比值为52%~58%,说明向基体炸药RDX中添加铝纤维对总能量有影响;总能量与爆热的比值为75%~85%,小于理论近似值(100%),说明铝纤维炸药爆炸时铝纤维反应不完全且破碎铝纤维消耗了一定的能量。     

一种水中爆炸气泡脉动实验研究方法

 在2 m×2 m×2 m的实验水箱中开展小当量PETN炸药水中爆炸气泡脉动实验时,利用弹性波从声阻抗高的物质传入声阻抗低的物质时的“减震缓冲”原理,采用在水箱壁贴低声阻抗材料的方法,有效降低了水箱壁反射冲击波对气泡脉动过程的影响,获得了清晰的气泡脉动过程图像、气泡水射流形成过程图像和气泡脉动压力曲线。将水箱实验结果与8 kg TNT当量爆炸水池实验结果对比,得到的最大相对误差仅为5.1%,验证了水箱实验方法的准确性,为炸药水中爆炸气泡脉动现象研究提供了一种简便有效的实验方法。     

球形炸药的水下爆炸场仿真

水下爆炸过程是一个非常复杂的过程，大体上分为3个阶段：炸药的爆轰、冲击波的传播、气泡脉动。爆炸所产生的冲击波、气泡和脉动水流，都能使目标受到一定程度的破坏。在多数情况下，冲击波的破坏起着决定性的作用，脉动水流和气泡（爆轰产物）一般引起附加的破坏作用。     

刚性柱附近浅水爆炸荷载特性研究

刚性柱附近浅水爆炸时冲击波传播、气泡射流受多种因素影响。考虑水面、水底、刚性柱与水下爆炸冲击波及气泡的耦合作用,基于LS-DYNA有限元软件,建立浅水爆炸全耦合模型,通过经验公式验证有限元模型的正确性。研究表明:采用炸药直径1/3～1/2中心渐变网格能够较好地保证数值模拟精度。在冲击波传播阶段,刚性柱迎爆区冲击波峰值上升并产生切断现象,冲击波下降段被"截断",而背爆区冲击波峰值衰减约50%,同时正压作用时间增加;在气泡脉动阶段,气泡在收缩阶段产生指向刚性柱的气泡射流,当刚性柱与炸药之间的距离约为一个气泡半径时,刚性柱附近的脉冲荷载增幅最大,脉冲荷载最大测点水深较爆心上移。     

爆炸信号中气泡脉动去除方法及其应用

水下爆炸声源激发的声信号包括冲击波和气泡脉动,气泡脉动严重干扰冲击波的传播特性。当气泡脉动的幅度小于冲击波的幅度时,通过对此类混合爆炸信号进行复倒谱分析,提出了基于卷积型的爆炸信号模型的同态解卷积气泡脉动去除方法,其中,针对同态滤波系统中通常采用的“梳状”滤波器会在倒谱的尖峰处产生不连续点的问题,采用了对尖峰附近的采样点进行多项式函数拟合,并根据拟合函数对尖峰采样点插值的改进型滤波方法。数值仿真和实验信号的处理及分析表明,应用该方法可以明显消除爆炸信号自相关曲线中由气泡脉动造成的对称次尖峰,并在信号的时频分布图中再现冲击波的简正波特性。这为进一步利用爆炸声源研究海洋信道的声传递函数和反演海洋环境参数提供了技术途径。      

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.