双罐式气泵供液与直接供液制冷系统对比研究

双罐式气泵供液是指利用系统的更高等压力能作为供液压头将制冷剂送至蒸发器,通过调节供液压头的开度使蒸发器中供液量大于蒸发量,来强化蒸发器管内流体的沸腾换热,增加管内制冷剂侧系数,最终提高蒸发器传热效率。本文主要介绍双罐式气泵供液制冷系统运行原理,并采用J.Chawla关系式数值模拟气泵供液制冷系统中蒸发器管路制冷剂侧传热系数,分析在不同供液压头下对制冷系统性能的影响。最后利用空气侧热平衡法,与直接膨胀式制冷系统在不同工况下进行对比。     

不同制冷剂在重力再循环制冷系统中的应用研究

本文基于以往重力再循环制冷系统研究工作基础,使用MATLAB仿真软件建立数学模型,把制冷剂R22、R404A、R717、R410A和R407C用于重力再循环制冷系统,计算不同管径、循环倍率和蒸发温度下再循环蒸发器传热系数和供液压头,比较不同制冷剂在重力再循环制冷系统中的应用效果。结果表明:相同蒸发温度下,再循环蒸发器传热系数变化规律大体为R717>R410A>R22>R404A>R407C;相同循环倍率下,再循环蒸发器的传热系数变化规律为R410A>R717>R22>R404A>R407C;相同蒸发管径下,再循环蒸发器传热系数变化规律为R410A>R717>R22>R404A>R407C,综合考虑,与其他四种制冷剂相比,R717更适用于重力再循环制冷系统。     

直接供液与重力供液制冷系统的对比研究

重力再循环供液是指蒸发器依靠制冷剂自身的重力送入蒸发器,在供液高度大于蒸发器对制冷剂的阻力情况下,部分制冷剂液体在蒸发器和气液分离器所形成的回路中再循环。由于再循环作用不需要外加动力,并强化管内制冷剂的沸腾换热,蒸发器的效率得以明显提高。文中介绍了重力再循环供液制冷系统和蒸发器的结构,提出采用J.Chawla关系式和Shah关联式相结合的方法预测再循环蒸发器制冷剂侧的换热系数。采用空气侧热平衡法,对直接膨胀供液和重力再循环供液制冷系统分别进行了多蒸发温度下的性能测试。表明重力再循环供液制冷系统比直接膨胀供液制冷系统的制冷量平均增加26%,COP平均增加18%,蒸发温度平均升高1.1℃,传热系数是直接供液的1.57倍。J.Chawla关系式和Shah关联式相结合预测再循环蒸发器制冷剂侧的换热系数,其曲线结构与实验值近似,平均误差不大于20.6%。文章还对各热工参数的变化原因进行了分析。     

变频压缩机对双蒸发器并联重力供液系统的影响

为研究在低温工况下压缩机频率对重力再循环制冷系统的影响,保持库温不变,通过调节压缩机频率,测量重力再循环双蒸发器并联制冷系统的相关参数,并与相同压缩机频率下的直接膨胀供液制冷系统进行对比。结果表明:相同工况下压缩机频率为40Hz、45Hz、50Hz、55Hz和60Hz时,重力再循环供液制冷系统相比直接膨胀供液制冷系统的制冷量分别高2.36%、5.92%、7.16%、8.09%和10.1%;压缩机耗功分别高0.45%、2.92%、4.63%和5.76%;性能系数分别高2.36%、5.92%、7.16%和8.09%。故在低温工况下,重力循环制冷系统优于直接膨胀式制冷系统,且增加压缩机频率可优化重力循环制冷系统运行特性。     

直接膨胀供液制冷系统性能可视化研究

对直接膨胀供液制冷系统的传热性能进行了理论分析,建立了相应的数学模型.在保温体内对-5℃、0℃、5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃的工况进行了实验.分别测得制冷系统的压力、风量、制冷量、及功耗等技术参数,得到在环境温度一定的情况下的传热系数和制冷量的变化关系.并对蒸发器内制冷剂流动状态进行观察.实验表明:直接膨胀供液制冷系统...     

重力再循环蒸发器与直接膨胀蒸发器的实验性能研究

在不同工况下采用R404A作为制冷剂对重力再循环蒸发器和直接膨胀蒸发器进行了实验性能研究。搭建了兼具重力供液和直接膨胀供液制冷系统的试验台,在冷库温度为0℃、-5℃、-10℃、-15℃、-20℃五种工况下,利用热平衡法测得了不同供液形式制冷系统的制冷量以及蒸发管路上若干测点的温度。对实验数据进行了整理和理论分析,得到2种蒸发器在不同工况下制冷量的变化规律以及2种蒸发器在不同工况下传热温差和传热系数沿管长的变化规律。     

蒸发风机位置和循环倍率对制冷系统的影响

根据场协同原理,可通过改变制冷剂循环倍率、蒸发风机距离蒸发器的位置,来改变场协同数,提高换热效率。通过实验得出,当蒸发器进液温度为-30℃,实验中的制冷剂循环倍率从4.0增大到4.7,风机位置从21cm到36cm,换热器的场协同数存在极大值0.9。所测的降温速度、计算的COP均在场协同数达到极大值时最佳,系统达到最优。     

蒸发风机位置和循环倍率对制冷系统的影响北大核心

根据场协同原理,可通过改变制冷剂循环倍率、蒸发风机距离蒸发器的位置,来改变场协同数,提高换热效率。通过实验得出,当蒸发器进液温度为-30℃,实验中的制冷剂循环倍率从4.0增大到4.7,风机位置从21cm到36cm,换热器的场协同数存在极大值0.9。所测的降温速度、计算的COP均在场协同数达到极大值时最佳,系统达到最优。     

解吸温度对吸附式制冷系统性能影响的实验研究

吸附式制冷系统作为一种节约型制冷系统受到国内外专家学者的探索研究,以期提高制冷循环COP,加快吸附制冷技术的实用化。本文采用了4A分子筛与铝丝混合吸附剂,与无水乙醇组成吸附工质对,通过实验探究不同解吸温度下的COP以及循环周期的变化情况。实验表明,在实验温度(74~98℃)范围内,随着解吸温度的升高,系统循环COP逐渐增加,但增加的趋势逐渐减小,最大达到0.36;制冷循环周期随着解吸温度的升高而逐渐减小。     

一种双蒸发器制冷系统调节性能的研究

在冻干装置中,一般采用一机双蒸发温度制冷系统。对双蒸发器表面温度的控制直接影响冻干的质量。文中对双蒸发器在冻干工艺中的调节性能进行了实验研究:首先,分析了针型阀门的开度对双蒸发器的影响;其次,分析了蒸发压力调节阀对于双蒸发器表面温度的调节特性;最后,通过实验得出了冷阱表面化霜时的温度控制曲线。     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...