现场测量深层岩土热物性方法

地下岩土的热物性参数是地源热泵地热换热器的设计中所需要的很重要的参数。热物性参数的大小对钻孔的数量及钻孔的深度具有显著的影响，进而影响地源热泵系统的初投资。为了能够在现场测量地下岩土的热物性参数，本文利用一套现场测量设备测量了对地下埋管回路施加的热流与回路中循环水温度随时间的变化，并利用参数估计方法确定地下岩土的热物性参数。     

LD侧面抽运Nd：YAG陶瓷激光器运转条件下归一化热参数优化理论及实验研究

考虑激光提取对介质内非辐射跃迁的抑制作用，建立和完善LD侧面抽运Nd：YAG陶瓷激光器运转条件下增益介质的发热模型，通过实验测量激光器斜率效率和增益介质吸收的抽运功率来推导出归一化热参数.通过归一化热参数，讨论了影响Nd：YAG陶瓷介质内热沉积的主要因素，研究结果表明：增益介质内热沉积对激光提取效率、交叠效率以及掺杂浓度的变化比较敏感.为有效减少热沉积，对所研究的掺杂原子百分比浓度为1.0%的Nd：YAG陶瓷多模激光器的输出耦合镜进行优化选择，激光提取效率提高到0.905，归一化热参数降低到0.474.研究结果可为进一步研究陶瓷激光器中热效应以及冷却方案设计等提供一定参考. 关键词： 热沉积 归一化热参数 Nd：YAG陶瓷     

生物组织光学参数与热物性参数的相关性研究

基于组织光学和人工神经网络理论,提出了一种全新的确定生物体热物性参数的方法.利用积分球系统测量介质组织光学特性参数,以该特性参数作为人工神经网络输入变量,以热物性参数为目标变量,利用神经网络的自学习系统,最终建立光学特性参数与热物性参数间的非线性映射一黑箱模型.为验证模型,测量了多种热物性参数已知物质的光学特性参数,然后由黑箱模型得到热物性参数计算值,计算值和已知真实值的相对误差均在5%以内.该方法可用于测量生物体的各种热物性参数.     

新型液氦温区热声驱动制冷系统研究

提出一种采用气液耦合谐振子的新型热声驱动制冷系统,理论上首次实现液氦温区制冷。模拟结果显示,系统最低无负荷制冷温度达到5.9 K,为目前热声制冷系统的最低记录。本文首先基于数值模拟优化了新型热声制冷系统结构参数;然后,分别揭示了系统内部关键参数的沿程分布以及热力学性能的影响规律。本研究填补了热声制冷技术应用于液氦温区的空白,有望为航天、低温电子器件及氢能源利用等领域中的新型热驱动制冷机奠定理论基础。     

热声驱动器谐振频率影响因素分析

分析了结构参数、操作参数以及工质等因素对热声驱动器谐振频率的影响 ,并结合驻波型热声驱动器 ,给出了相应的计算结果和实验数据。     

热声热机场方程的改进计算

本文讨论热声热机于二种热力学媒质组成的热声变换堆内外，温度、速度和压力场所应满足的改进的场方程．以PI和dP_1／dx等作为待定参数时，速度u_1和温度T_1的解式．并讨论了解式的含意与实验结果的对照．     

霍尔推力器热模型研究

为了对霍尔推力器的热分析研究提供准确的能耗加载条件,开展了霍尔推力器稳态工况下的热模型研究。基于等离子体理论,分析放电室内各项能量损耗机理,并建立各能量损耗与推力器工作参数、性能参数和结构参数的相关函数,系统地得到了霍尔推力器的完整热模型。以LHT100推力器为研究对象,热模型计算结果显示:额定工况下束流能量损耗约889 W,壁面能量损耗约300 W,阳极能量损耗约44 W,电离能量损耗约43 W,辐射能量损耗约34 W等。以此能量损耗作为热边界条件进行有限元分析,并开展热平衡试验进行验证,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,最大误差小于5%。     

参数共振腔中光子辐射及压缩效应研究

利用热场动力学方法（ＴＥＤ）研究了有限温度下参数共振腔中光子辐射及压缩效应，发现在腔场边界作参数共振运动的条件下，热场光子的存在会显著地增强纯真空光子辐射疚但不影响所产生光场的压缩效应。     

用分形理论研究低温条件下Al-Al界面间的接触导热现象

界面形貌是固体界面间接触导热的最主要影响因素 ,传统的形貌表征参数与仪器的分辨率和取样长度密切相关 ,因而基于这些参数的常规接触导热模型显然是尺度相关的。分形网络模型利用粗糙表面处处连续却不可微的分形特征 ,采用与尺度无关的分形参数 ,揭示了接触导热的本质 ,为准确预测接触热导开辟了一条新的途径。实验测定了粗糙表面的分形参数和低温条件下 Al50 52 - Al50 52界面间的接触热导 ,将接触热导的实验值与分形网络模型的预测结果进行了比较 ,并就接触热导与压力、分形参数和温度之间的关系进行了分析 ,指出分形网络模型的预测精度与分形参数相关联。     

光学薄膜测量时平顶光束激励的表面热透镜理论模型

推导了调制的平顶光束激励下基于Fresnel衍射积分的表面热透镜理论，通过数值模拟，比较了平顶光束和高斯光束激励下样品内部温度场、表面形变场和探测光衍射信号的径向分布，分析了影响表面热透镜信号的实验参数.结果表明，在最佳探测位置，平顶光束激励下的表面热透镜系统比相同情况下高斯光束激励下的灵敏度高，最高时约2倍，更有利于薄膜吸收测量. 关键词： 表面热透镜 光学薄膜 平顶光束     

Electromagnetically induced transparency and light slowdown for Λ-like systems with a structured continuum

Electric susceptibility of a laser-dressed atomic medium is calculated for a model Λ-like system including two lower states and a continuum structured by a presence of an autoionizing state or a continuum with a laser-induced structure. Depending on the strength of a control field, it is possible to obtain a significant reduction of the light velocity in a narrow frequency window in the conditions of a small absorption. It is shown that increasing the values of the asymmetry parameters leads to an increase of the values of both real and imaginary parts of the medium susceptibility and to an increase of the width of the transparency window, compared with the case of a flat continuum. A smooth transition is shown between the case of a flat continuum and that of a discrete state serving as the upper state of a Λ system.     

Direct measurement of group dispersion of optical components using white-light spectral interferometry

We present a simple white-light spectral interferometric technique employing a low-resolution spectrometer for a direct measurement of the group dispersion of optical components over a wide wavelength range. The technique utilizes an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a component under test inserted in one arm and the other arm with adjustable path length. We record a series of spectral interferograms to measure the equalization wavelength as a function of the path length difference. We measure the absolute group refractive index as a function of wavelength for a quartz crystal of known thickness and the relative one for optical fiber. In the latter case we use a microscope objective in front and a lens behind the fiber and subtract their group dispersion, which is measured by a technique of tandem interferometry including also a Michelson interferometer.     

Measuring Light Field of Light Source with High Directional Resolution Using Mirrored Ball and Pinhole Camera

This paper presents a method of measuring a light field of a light source with high directional resolution using a mirrored ball and a pinhole camera. The light field describes a spatial and directional distribution of radiances from the light source. The directional distribution is expanded by a reflection on the mirrored ball, and the radiances are measured by a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera with a pinhole lens. The light source is laterally moved by a robot arm to measure the directionally expanded light field, and each pixel on a CCD can obtain the radiances from the light source through the pinhole lens with high directional resolution. The light field is estimated from the pixel value and the position of each pixel using a ray tracing technique. The light field of a krypton lamp was experimentally measured by the proposed method, and the accuracy of the measurement was evaluated against the irradiances measured by a spectro-radiometer at sample points.     

Modelling of a closed two-dimensional reactor bounded by a wavy wall

In this paper, we propose a model for a two-dimensional closed reactor bounded by a wavy wall. The left, right and top walls of the reactor are assumed to be flat surfaces while the bottom wall is a wavy surface. In order to formulate a model for such a reactor, we introduce a coordinate transformation into the dimensionless equations of a rectangular closed domain. Then the resulting equations illustrate the phenomena for a closed reactor bounded by a wavy wall. We solve these equations using the finite difference method. The astonishing results are that the intensity of streamlines and the maximum temperature within the reactor significantly increase with an increase of the number of waves in the bottom wall, the amplitude of waves and the Frank-Kamenetskii number. Converse characteristics are observed for higher values of the enlargement of a wave. Moreover, larger Rayleigh number induces stronger vortices in the flow field and reduces the maximum temperature. The Nusselt number at the bottom wavy wall is found to increase for higher values of the Frank-Kamenetskii number and the amplitude of a wave. A transition from the steady-state to the oscillatory convection is identified for a certain value of the Frank-Kamenetskii number. However, for a low value of the Rayleigh number, there occurs a transition from the steady-state to an explosion for increasing value of the Frank-Kamenetskii number. Results also demonstrate that the critical value of the Frank-Kamenetskii number, for which a transition from the steady-state to the oscillatory convection occurs, is higher for increasing values of the number of waves, the enlargement of a wave and the amplitude of a wave.     

The Klein-Gordon and the Dirac Oscillators in a Noncommutative Space

We study the Dirac and the Klein-Gordon oscillators in a noncommutative space. It is shown that the Klein-Gordon oscillator in a noncommutative space has a similar behaviour to the dynamics of a particle in a commutative space and in a constant magnetic field. The Dirac oscillator in a noncommutative space has a similar equation to the equation of motion for a relativistic fermion in a commutative space and in a magnetic field, however a new exotic term appears, which implies that a charged fermion in a noncommutative space has an electric dipole moment.     

Reconstruction of the acoustic impedance profile in a plate using an inverse spectral procedure

An inverse spectral procedure was applied to reconstruct the acoustic impedance profile along the thickness direction of a plate using its thickness resonance frequencies, density and thickness. For a successful reconstruction, the material-property profile must be symmetric about the mid-plane of the plate. Several cases of numerical simulations, including plates with a few layers and with a high number of layers are described. The calculated resonance frequencies were used to reconstruct the acoustic impedance profile, a process that was successful for all cases. We assume that a plate with a high number of layers, each with a different but constant acoustic impedance, simulates a plate with a smoothly varying acoustic impedance profile. It can be concluded that such a plate, which generates small, virtually undetectable, internally reflected waves, can also be reconstructed. In the special case of a plate of unknown thickness and unknown but constant density, the method is still useful, because a relative variation of the material property can be reconstructed using only the resonance frequencies. An experiment using a resonance-mode electromagnetic acoustic transducer (resonance-mode EMAT) is also described. EMAT is a non-contact ultrasonic method that can measure thickness resonance frequencies, making it appropriate for this method. Some examples of applications are measurement of the temperature profile inside a rolled metal sheet, measurement of a clad metal plate, and monitoring of a metal casting.     

Letter: Irreversible Processes in a Universe Modelled as a Mixture of a Chaplygin Gas and Radiation

The evolution of a Universe modelled as a mixture of a Chaplygin gas and radiation is determined by taking into account irreversible processes. This mixture could interpolate periods of a radiation dominated, a matter dominated and a cosmological constant dominated Universe. The results of a Universe modelled by this mixture are compared with the results of a mixture whose constituents are radiation and quintessence. Among other results it is shown that: (a) for both models there exists a period of a past deceleration with a present acceleration; (b) the slope of the acceleration of the Universe modelled as a mixture of a Chaplygin gas with radiation is more pronounced than that modelled as a mixture of quintessence and radiation; (c) the energy density of the Chaplygin gas tends to a constant value at earlier times than the energy density of quintessence does; (d) the energy density of radiation for both mixtures coincide and decay more rapidly than the energy densities of the Chaplygin gas and of quintessence.     

氮化铝薄膜中的二次谐波产生

利用X射线衍射技术对用直流反应磁控溅射技术沉积在蓝宝石基底(100)晶面上的氮化铝(AIN)薄膜进行了晶体结构分析,对X射线衍射图样的分析结果表明：用该法沉积在蓝宝石基底(100)晶面上的AIN薄膜为单晶膜;利用脉宽为10ns、重复频率10Hz、最大平均功率为20W、单脉冲的最大能量为2J的Nd：YAG脉冲激光器对其进行了二次谐波产生的实验研究,对实验结果进行分析表明：沉积在蓝宝石基底(100)晶面上的AIN薄膜能在一个很宽的入射角度范围存在有效二次谐波的输出;且输出的二次谐波功率相对于AIN薄膜的表面法线成对称分布,这表明该AIN薄膜的表面法线方向即为AIN的光轴方向。     

Non-Markovianity and Indivisible Quantum dynamics of a Apin-S System

Using a measure for the divisibility of a dynamical map, we study the non-Markovian character of a quantum evolution of a spin-S system, which is in an external field and weakly coupled to a bosonic bath with a certain temperature. The finite-temperature dynamics of the open system is obtained by the time-convolutionless master equation in the secular approximation. Besides the influence of the environmental spectral density function, the external field and low temperatures can affect the quantum non-Markovianity. It is found out that the non-Markovian feature of a dynamical map of a high-dimensional spin system is noticeable in contrast to that of a low-dimension spin system.     

具有态守恒赝隙的光子晶体中两能级原子自发辐射的增强与抑制

论证了在赝带隙光子晶体中存在一个全频率域态总数守恒规则，在完全带隙光子晶体中还存在一个局域态总数守恒规则.态总数守恒规则指出，如果一个光子晶体的态密度在某些频率范围存在相对于等效介质态密度的谷，则一定由其他频率范围内相对于等效介质态密度的峰来补偿.使用符合态总数守恒规则的态密度模型，解释了态密度调制导致的自发辐射谱增强、抑制、变窄、红移、蓝移以及谱分裂等光子晶体中的量子光学现象.该理论比较适合研究在具有赝带隙的光子晶体中大量随机分布的发光原子或分子的自发辐射行为. 关键词： 光子晶体 自发辐射 态密度 光子赝带隙