Monolithic optical gates based on integration of evanescently-coupled uni-traveling-carrier photodiodes and electroabsorption modulators

We report on chip-scale optical gates based on the integration of evanescent waveguide unitraveling-carrier photodiodes (EC-UTC-PDs) and intra-step quantum well electroabsorption modulators (IQW-EAMs) on n-InP substrates.These devices exhibit simultaneously 2.1 GHz and 16.2 dB RF-gain at 21 GHz with a 450 thin-film resistor and a bypass capacitor integrated on a chip.     

On‐chip THz spectrometer for bunch compression fingerprinting at fourth‐generation light sources

The layout of an integrated millimetre‐scale on‐chip THz spectrometer is presented and its peformance demonstrated. The device is based on eight Schottky‐diode detectors which are combined with narrowband THz antennas, thereby enabling the simultaneous detection of eight frequencies in the THz range on one chip. The size of the active detector area matches the focal spot size of superradiant THz radiation utilized in bunch compression monitors of modern linear electron accelerators. The 3 dB bandwidth of the on‐chip Schottky‐diode detectors is less than 10% of the center frequency and allows pulse‐resolved detection at up to 5 GHz repetition rates. The performance of a first prototype device is demonstrated at a repetition rate of 100 kHz at the quasi‐cw SRF linear accelerator ELBE operated with electron bunch charges between a few pC and 100 pC.     

Photonic generation of high-purity 60 GHz millimeter-wave signal requiring only 10 GHz radio frequency local oscillator

A novel approach to generate 60 GHz millimeter-wave from a 10 GHz radio frequency signal using an integrated nested DD-MZM without optical filter is proposed and demonstrated. The simulation results show that the generated frequency sextupling optical mm-wave has high purity with an OSSR exceeding 29 dB and a RFSSR of 25 dB, which is consistent with the theoretical analysis. Besides, a RoF link model is established to investigate the transmission performance. The eye diagram keeps clear even when the optical mm-wave is transmitted over 60 km and the power penalty is about 0.4 dB after fiber transmission of 50 km.     

SOI环形光波导谐振腔双层石墨烯调制器

在片上光互连系统中,电光调制器起到将电信号调制为光信号的作用,是光互联系统中的核心部件之一。调制器的3 dB带宽决定着载波所能携带的最大信息量,是衡量调制器性能的核心参数。利用石墨烯和高Q环形谐振腔设计成具有CMOS结构的新型调制器,其集成了石墨烯的宽带吸收、载流子迁移率高等材料优势和高Q值环形光学谐振腔的光程放大的结构优势,通过理论计算,其3 dB调制带宽可以达到100 GHz。同时,基于微环谐振腔的石墨烯电光调制器结构可以方便的与光互联系统中的波分复用器相集成,从而提升片上光互联系统的集成度和降低技术复杂性。     

Design and Implementation of a Millimeter Wave Monolithic Integrated Mixer

This paper discusses design and implementation of a millimeterwave monolithic integrated balanced mixer, the measured performance compared with the predicted one is also reported. By designing this MMIC mixer, various mathematical methods are used, in which the Method of Conversion Matrix has been extended by the author to meet the requirement of inter-modulation analysis. The mixer is realized in a 2×3mm ² GaAs chip, working in Ka band with bandwidth of 5GHz with a noise figure less than 10 dB.     

Broadband 10 Gb/s operation of graphene electro‐absorption modulator on silicon

High performance integrated optical modulators are highly desired for future optical interconnects. The ultra‐high bandwidth and broadband operation potentially offered by graphene based electro‐absorption modulators has attracted a lot of attention in the photonics community recently. In this work, we theoretically evaluate the true potential of such modulators and illustrate this with experimental results for a silicon integrated graphene optical electro‐absorption modulator capable of broadband 10 Gb/s modulation speed. The measured results agree very well with theoretical predictions. A low insertion loss of 3.8 dB at 1580 nm and a low drive voltage of 2.5 V combined with broadband and athermal operation were obtained for a 50 μm‐length hybrid graphene‐Si device. The peak modulation efficiency of the device is 1.5 dB/V. This robust device is challenging best‐in‐class Si (Ge) modulators for future chip‐level optical interconnects.     

Microwave Photonic Link with Carrier Suppression for Increased Dynamic Range

Theoretical analysis and experimental investigation of microwave photonic links with bias-shifted Mach-Zehnder modulators are presented. An optical amplifier is used to increase link gain and reduce noise figure. The combination of modulator bias shift away from quadrature and optical amplification reduces the link noise figure by more than 15 dB. For modulation frequencies from 2 to 18 GHz, the third-order limited spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR3) of these links is greater than 120 dB, normalized to a 1-Hz bandwidth. Conventional links based on Mach-Zehnder modulators are limited to SFDR3 values of approximately 110 dB, normalized to a 1-Hz bandwidth. This level of performance is achieved without electronic or optical linearization.     

高速雪崩光探测器同轴封装的高频分析

基于频率响应理论模型,分析了同轴封装的雪崩光电探测器的高频特性.包含芯片、键合金丝、跨阻放大器和同轴管座等各部分的高频特性及对器件高频特性的影响.通过调节封装过程中不同键合金丝引入的电感参量,可以得到不同现象的频率响应.最后考虑实际工程条件,优化得到了10 GHz的-3 dB带宽的同轴封装雪崩光电探测器件.     

220 GHz 折叠波导慢波结构

 优化设计了一种220 GHz的折叠波导慢波结构的尺寸,对其冷测特性如色散、耦合阻抗和衰减进行了分析。理论分析和软件仿真结果表明设计的折叠波导慢波结构在中心频率处具有较平缓的色散关系,较高的耦合阻抗和较低的电路衰减。互作用模拟表明,在电子注电压为20 kV,电流为10 mA时,27 mm（50个周期）的折叠波导慢波结构在220 GHz具有14.5 dB的增益,3 dB带宽为16.3 GHz（211.9～228.2 GHz）。     

Integrated optical electric field sensor with telescopic dipole

An integrated optical electric field sensor based on a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with the telescopic dipole is designed and fabricated, and its electrodes are segmented and connected with a telescopic dipole. The measured results show that when the frequency response is from 10 kHz to 6 GHz with the antenna length of 55 mm, the minimum detectable electric field of 20 mV/m can be obtained, and the linear dynamics range can reach 90 dB at 250 MHz.     

用于10Gb/s传输系统的电吸收调制器与分布反馈激光器集成光源

采用超低压(22×１０^２Pa)选择区域生长(selective area growth, SAG)金属有机化学气相沉积(metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, MOCVD)技术成功制备了应变型InGaAsP/InGaAsP电吸收调制器(electroabsorption modulator, EAM)与分布反馈激光器(distribute feedback laser, DFB)单片集成光源的新型光电器件.实验结果表明，采用该技术制备的集成器件表现出了良好的性能：激射阈值为19 mA，出光功率接近7 mW，边模抑制比(side-mode suppression ratio, SMSR)大于40 dB，将该集成器件出射光耦合进普通单模光纤后进行测量，获得了16 dB的消光比，器件3 dB响应带宽达到了10 GHz以上.将该集成器件完全封装后成功进行了10 Gb/s非归零码(non-return zero, NRZ)的传输实验：在误码率为10^-10的传输条件下于普通单模光纤中传输了53.3 km，色散代价小于1.5 dB，动态消光比大于8 dB，且眼图清晰张开. 关键词： 超低压 选择区域生长 集成光电子器件 10 Gb/s     

Hybrid Integration of 1 × 12 Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Photodetector and Polyimide Waveguide Array

We report here a demonstration of hybrid integration of a 1 × 12 metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodetector array and polyimide channel waveguides via 45° total-internal-reflection (TIR) micro-couplers. The two-layer polyimide waveguide array was constructed using Ultradel 9120D for the core and Ultradel 9020 for the lower cladding layer. The coupling loss and propagation loss of the waveguide are 0.2dB and 0.21 dB/cm, respectively. The cross talk of the adjacent channels is -32 dB. The MSM photodetector array was fabricated on a semi-insulated GaAs wafer. The photodetectors are integrated to operate in the conventional vertical illumination mode. We measured the external quantum-efficiency and 3 dB bandwidth of the integrated MSM photodetectors at 0.4 A/W and 2.648 GHz, respectively. The aggregate 3 dB bandwidth of the 12-channel integrated system is 32 GHz.     

Optical and RF stability transfer in a monolithic coupled-cavity colliding pulse mode-locked quantum dot laser

We report a novel quantum dot based laser design where a stable high-Q master laser is used to injection lock a passively mode-locked monolithic colliding pulse slave laser. Coupling between the crossed orthogonal laser cavities is achieved through a common monolithically integrated saturable absorber, which results in the locking and hence reduction of the timing jitter as well as the long-term frequency drift of the slave laser. A stable 30?GHz optical pulse train is generated with more than 10?dB reduction in the RF noise level at 20?MHz offset and close to 3 times reduction in the 10?dB average optical linewidth of the slave laser.     

全光纤量子通信系统中的高速偏振控制方案

偏振控制在光通信中是至关重要的技术, 关系着通信系统的稳定性和误码率. 本文提出一种基于双向Sagnac环工作方式的全光纤高速偏振控制方案, 通过调节环中一个光纤电光相位调制器的相位差而精确控制光场偏振方向, 并且实现了单个端口输出各种偏振态, 无需后续耦合操作. 相位控制精度为10^-3 rad, 最大消光比可达30 dB, 工作速率可达2 GHz. 由于本方案的精度、调制速度和稳定性都很高, 并采用了器件简单、成本低廉的全光纤光路, 易于集成, 在量子保密通信等光通信领域中有很好的应用前景. 关键词： 光纤偏振控制器 Sagnac环 量子通信     

Ku波段微波单片集成电路6位数字衰减器设计

基于GaAs 0.25 μm增强/耗尽型（E/D）赝配高电子迁移率晶体管（pHEMT）工艺,研制了一款Ku波段6位数字衰减器微波单片集成电路（MMIC）。该6位数字衰减器由6个基本衰减位级联组成,可实现最大衰减量为31.5 dB、步进为0.5 dB的衰减量控制。采用简化的T型衰减结构,实现了0.5 dB和1 dB的衰减位。16 dB衰减位采用开关型衰减拓扑,在提高衰减平坦度的同时,有效降低其附加相移。测试结果表明,在12～18 GHz的频率内,数字衰减器衰减64态均方根误差（RMS）小于0.25 dB,附加相移为?0.5°～＋9.5°,插入损耗小于4.9 dB,输入输出驻波比均小于1.5∶1。芯片尺寸为3.00 mm×0.75 mm。该芯片电路具有宽频带、高衰减精度、小尺寸的特点,主要用于微波相控阵收发组件、无线通讯等领域。     

Silicon-on-insulator eight-channel optical multiplexer based on a cascade of asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers

A monolithically integrated eight-channel optical multiplexer (Mux) with a 400 GHz channel spacing ~1550 nm is presented based on a silicon-on-insulator rib waveguide and an asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer. All channels were optimized independently with integrated heaters. The fully tuned Mux shows an adjacent channel isolation of ~13 dB, an excess loss of ~2.6 dB, and a channel uniformity of ~1.5 dB over a 25 nm wavelength span. In addition, the phase tuning efficiency for different interlevel dielectric layer thicknesses and thermal crosstalk were investigated.     

Transmission passband,optical crosstalk and cascadability of free-space concave grating demultiplexer for dense WDM networks

We describe the performance of a 100 channel free-space concave grating demultiplexer with 1dB transmission passband of ±7GHz (FWHM 14–22GHz). The influence of optical aberrations and defocusing on the transmission spectrum is demonstrated. Crosstalk between neighbouring channels separated by >0.3nm is lower than –25dB and no penalty due to crosstalk is observed using 2.6Gbit/s directly modulated DFB lasers. Penalty-free transmission through a cascade of 30 demultiplexers is demonstrated in an optical fibre recirculating loop experiment, and the permitted tolerances on the laser frequency misalignments for a larger number of cascaded demultiplexers are investigated.     

TUNABLE FIBER FABRY-PEROT FILTER FOR OPTICAL CARRIER-SUPPRESSION AND SINGLE-SIDEBAND MODULATION IN RADIO OVER FIBER LINKS

A novel method of simultaneous realization of optical carrier-suppression and single-sideband modulation using fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter is presented. In order to enhance transmission performance of radio over fiber links, we use a fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter to filter out one sideband as well as suppress the optical carrier power. The results demonstrate 20.5dB and 14.2dB improvement in the signal noise ratios when 18GHz and 10GHz microwave signals carrying 5Mbit/s quadrature-phase-shift-keyed (QPSK) format data is transmitted over 35 km single mode fiber, respectively.     

Spectral Polarimeters Based on Integrated Acousto-Optical Ti:LiNbO3 TE-TM Converters

An integrated Ti:LiNbO3 acousto-optical TE-TM converter followed by a polarizer was used to realize a wavelength-selective polarimeter. The stop-band attenuation was shown to increase to > 28 dB when more mode converters were integrated on a chip. Based on this experience, a four-stage demonstration unit was built, and polarimetric spectra as well as the time evolution of the state of polarization were measured. Finally, a simple optical spectrum analyzer is proposed.     

A novel optical mm-wave generation scheme based on three parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators

We propose a novel optical mm-wave generation scheme based on three parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators (MZMs) for the first time. First, the scheme is investigated theoretically, which suggests that it can be used for sextupling, 12-tupling, and 18-tupling mm-wave generation. Then simulation results are given, 60 GHz mm-wave is generated from 5 GHz, or 10 GHz RF oscillator based on frequency 12-tupling or sextupling, and 90 GHz mm-wave is generated from 5 GHz RF oscillator based on frequency 18-tupling. The optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) and the radio frequency spurious suppression ratio (RFSSR) are analyzed by simulation, in which several non-ideal factors are taken into consideration. Results indicate that all the three mm-wave generation methods are practical and very good performance can be obtained when the extinction ratio of the MZM is 30 dB, even if the extinction ratio of the MZM is 20 dB, the performance is still good, especially for the sextupling mm-wave generation method, whose performance is excellent and insensitive to the extinction ratio of MZM, the non-ideal RF driving voltage and the non-ideal DC bias. At last, we set up a RoF system by simulation to verify the transmission performance of the scheme. The BER performance and eye diagrams are given.