声腔对电动式换能器工作特性的影响

传统的电动式换能器设计理论中,未考虑压力补偿系统等声腔结构对声学性能的影响,声源级理论设计结果与实测结果存在较大差别.研究中将电动式换能器内部的三段气腔视为突变截面声腔结构,给出了声腔的四端网络等效电路,将其作为辐射面的负载添加到电动式换能器的传统等效电路中,获得了电动式换能器改进的等效电路.基于改进的等效电路求解了带...     

NiMnGa磁控形状记忆合金纵振式换能器

为实现低频、小尺寸水下声源,利用具有大应变、快速响应和高能量密度等优势的NiMnGa合金为驱动元件设计了水声换能器。基于NiMnGa合金变形原理,建立了NiMnGa纵振式换能器物理模型,推导了等效电路。通过有限元法,实现了NiMnGa纵振式换能器电磁-机械-声的多物理场耦合仿真,用于预测换能器的水下声学性能。制作了小型NiMnGa纵振式换能器样机,并在水中测试了500～800 Hz频带内的声源级。实验结果表明,换能器样机辐射面直径为8 mm,水中谐振频率为700 Hz,最大声源级为115.5 dB。     

铁镓单晶Janus-Helmholtz换能器

针对深水、低频、宽带换能器的技术需求,结合Janus-Helmholtz换能器的结构特点和铁镓单晶材料低场应变大及机械强度高的特性,提出了铁镓单晶Janus-Helmholtz换能器设计方案。采用永磁偏磁场和环形闭合磁路,建立了一系列铁镓单晶磁致伸缩换能器理论分析模型,包括对磁致伸缩材料参数进行线性化处理,设计了换能器最佳工作点,结合静态磁场和动态磁场分布情况分段细化换能器驱动等效参数,以及利用全阻抗模型通过电感损耗等效计算换能器静态阻抗,然后通过二维有限元分析等效模型,优化分析了换能器的结构参数与电声性能。最后制作了换能器样机,并进行了测试与分析。对比仿真和测试结果表明:全阻抗模型得到的阻抗曲线与样机测试结果相一致,有限元等效模型计算的发送电流响应与样机测试结果良好吻合。换能器样机水中谐振基频为1000 Hz,谐振频率下发送电流响应176.4 dB;在875～2300 Hz频率范围内,发送电流响应起伏不大于6 dB;增加驱动电流有效值到16.2 A,最大声源级可以达到196.2 dB。     

折回型纵向振子低频拼合圆柱换能器

提出一种具有小尺寸、低频、水平无指向性的新结构换能器——折回型纵向振子拼合圆柱换能器,换能器由4组共享尾质量块的折回型压电纵向振子正交布置驱动环形辐射面拼合构成。采用有限元方法对换能器进行优化设计,并制作了换能器样品。实验结果表明:换能器直径为Φ180 mm,谐振频率为1.5 kHz,最大发射电压响应为131 dB,最大声源级不低于188 dB,水平全向。该换能器具有低频、小尺寸、水平无指向性的特点,具有良好的应用前景。      

叠合结构超低频弯张换能器

研究了一种将多个椭圆弯张壳体在短轴方向进行机械叠合的超低频弯张换能器,每个弯张壳体采用超磁致伸缩材料进行驱动。推导了多个叠合壳体的等效电路,利用支路阻抗方法得到了换能器频率和阻抗的方程表达式。针对多个壳体叠合的结构复杂性,采用有限元方法计算并分析了叠合壳体换能器的多个结构点的振动位移分布,通过平动位移分布设计了活塞辐射面的结构参数。将有限元方法计算的换能器在空气中和水中的谐振频率与等效电路法计算的结果进行了对比,符合较好。研制了6个壳体叠合的超低频弯张换能器样机,换能器外形尺寸为Φ230×630 mm,重量为39 kg。换能器经湖上试验,水中谐振频率130 Hz,最大发送电流响应161.1 dB,最大发射声源级为180.4 dB,实现了超低频、小尺寸的发射能力。      

铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷纵振换能器*

高性能环境友好型无铅压电陶瓷及其应用是当前压电材料研究的热点之一,为了探究其在水声换能器领域的应用潜力,该文对铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷和锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷纵振式换能器进行了对比研究。依据仿真结果优化结构尺寸,制作了两种换能器样机并测试了其在空气中和水中的电声性能。测试结果表明,铌酸钾钠基无铅压电陶瓷换能器的谐振频率为35kHz,最大发送电压响应为 151dB,声源级可达 190dB,在 26kHz~67kHz 的频率范围内发送电压响应的起伏不超过±4.5dB,谐振频率处-3dB 的指向性开角约为 76°。该无铅压电陶瓷换能器具有和锆钛酸铅压电陶瓷换能器相当的发射性能,有望推动无铅压电材料在水声换能器领域的应用进程。     

多谐振宽带Janus-Ring换能器

提出了一种多谐振宽带Janus-Ring换能器,两个一定距离的压电圆环换能器(Ring换能器)嵌套在双面纵振Janus换能器的两端,Ring换能器的径向振动、Janus换能器的纵振动与它们中间形成的Helmholtz液腔振动相耦合,可大大拓展换能器的工作带宽。使用有限元方法设计并研制了Janus-Ring换能器样机,经测试在1.8~8.0 kHz范围内,样机最大发射电压响应144 dB,起伏小于6 dB。相比传统的Janus-Helmholtz换能器,Janus-Ring换能器有效拓展了工作频带,增大了发射电压响应,减小了频带内的发射电压响应起伏。      

深水宽频带收发换能器

本文介绍了一种在深海多通道应答系统中用来检测声信号的收发两用宽带换能器的设计和制作.利用自由液浸环式换能器的液腔和陶瓷环耦合共振的原理,简化了换能器的结构和工艺.所制作的换 能器可在420m水深海域中工作,在8.5—14kHz宽频带范围内声源级达197dB,并有±1dB不均匀性的发射电压响应级和起伏±2dB以内的接收灵敏度响应级.该换能器系统安装在多通道定位系统中,在高速深水航行的实艇上得到实际应用.     

弯曲圆盘换能器与镜像虚源的互辐射作用

建立了弯曲圆盘换能器镜像虚源等效模型,利用脉动球源互作用原理对弯曲圆盘与其镜像虚源的互辐射作用进行理论分析,给出了互辐射阻抗及系统谐振频率的数学表达。提出了虚源互作用的低频换能器设计思想,将刚性反射板引入弯曲圆盘换能器临近辐射面的声场中,通过理论分析、有限元模拟和样机实验研究了低频换能器谐振频率与主要结构参数之间的关系。结果表明,弯曲圆盘与镜像虚源间的互辐射作用可以有效降低换能器的谐振频率,当反射板直径与弯曲圆盘辐射面直径相当时,谐振频率可降低至其自身谐振频率的50%以下;当反射板直径为弯曲圆盘辐射面直径2倍时,谐振频率可降低至37%。      

一种小型球形宽带发射换能器

设计了一种小型球形宽带发射换能器,换能器由正六面体基座、六个压电晶堆和弧形辐射面组成,是一种球形空间对称结构。球形设计使得换能器内部结构紧凑,而且在体积一定的情况下具有最佳的辐射阻,是一种高效的小型大功率无指向性声源。采用有限元方法对换能器进行了优化设计并研制了换能器样品。水池测试结果表明,该换能器样品的工作带宽为2.6 k Hz～5.2 k Hz,最大声源级达到200 d B以上,电声效率50%左右,优质因子FOMm达到36 W/k Hz·kg。     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Characterization of PolyA and PolyC mismatches by Raman spectroscopy

A.C mismatches are studied by Raman spectral characterization of PolyA, PolyC, and their equimolar complex in solution of 0.14 mol/L Na ,pH7.0.Experimental results show that A·C mismatches occur to be A/B (mainly A) conformers, and unlike Watson-Crick base pairing, this kind of mismatches is stabilized by only one hydrogen bond involving cytosine N4H2 and adenine N7.The formation of A·C complex makes the base stacking interactions much stronger, and conformation of the backbone more ordered, which leads to obvious Raman hypochromic effect with some shifts in corresponding bands.     

Improvement of four-wave mixing-based wavelength conversion efficiency in dispersion shifted fiber by 40-GHz clock pumping

40-GHz clock modulated signal as a pump to improve the efficiency of four-wave mixing (FWM)-based wavelength conversion in a 26.5-km dispersion shifted fiber (DSF) is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate that the conjugated FWM component has higher intensity with the clock pumping than that with the continuous-wave (CW) light pumping. The improvement of FWM-based wavelength conversion efficiency is negligible when the pump power is less than Brillouin threshold. But when the pump power is greater than Brillouin threshold, the improvement becomes significant and increases with the increment of pump power. The improvement can increase up to 9 dB if pump power reaches 17 dBm.     

Multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser

Our experimental results show that the presence of a proper amount of negative group velocity dispersion is essential to multi-pulse operation of a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser. We demonstrate that the pulse separations and the number of pulses contained within a cavity round trip are strongly dependent on the initial perturbations. The results allow us to get a better understanding on the influences of the convoluted self-phase modulation and intra-cavity dispersions on the stable multi-pulse oscillation in a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond laser.     

Propagation of Helmholtz-Gauss beams in weak turbulent atmosphere

Based on the Rytov approximation of light propagation in weak turbulent atmosphere,the closed-form expressions of field and average irradiance of each one of the four fundamental families of Helmholtz-Gauss (HzG)beams:cosine-Gauss beams,stationary Mathieu-Gauss beams,stationary parabolic-Gauss beams,and Bessel-Gauss beams,which are propagating in weak turbulent atmosphere,are obtained.The results show that the field and average irradiance can be written as the product of four factors:complex amplitude depending on the z-coordinate only,a Ganssian beam.a factor of complex phase perturbation induced by atmospheric turbulence,and a complex scaled version of the transverse shape of the non-diffracting beam.The effect of weak atmospheric turbulence on irradiance distribution of the HzG beam can be ignored.     

An effective method for reducing speckle noise in digital holography

An effective method for reducing the speckle noise in digital holography is proposed in this paper.Different from the methods based on classical filtering technique,it utilizes the multiple holograms which are generated by rotating the illuminating light continuously.The intensity images reconstructed by a series of holograms generated by rotating the illuminating light possess different speckle patterns.Hence by properly averaging the reconstructed intensity fields,the speckle noises can be reduced greatly.Experimental results show that the proposed method is simple and effective to reduce speckle noise in digital holography.     

Influence of purity of HfO2 on reflectance of ultraviolet multilayer

The impurities in two kinds of HfO2 materials and in their corresponding single layer thin films were determined through glow discharge mass spectrum technology and secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) equipment respectively.It was found that ZrO2 was the main impurity in the two kinds of HfO2 either in the original HfO2 materials or in the electron beam deposited films.In addition,the difference of Zr content in the two kinds of HfO2 single laver films was much laxger than that of the other impurities such as Ti and Fe.which showed that it was just ZrO2 that made the difference between the optical performance of the film products including the two kinds of HfO2.With these two kinds of HfO2 and the same kind of SiO2.we deposited HfO2/SiO2 multilayer reflective coatings at the wavelength of 266 nm.Experimental results showed that the reflectances of these two mirrors were about 99.85% and 99.15% respectively,which agreed well with the designed results what were based on the optical constants obtained from the corresponding single layer thin films.     

Speech enhancement by array crosstalk resistant ANC and spectrum subtraction

Microphone array-based speech enhancement has great importance for speech communications and speech recognition. To reduce the aperture of the microphone array and to increase the effect of the speech enhancement will greatly broaden the application areas of the microphone array. An array crosstalk resistant adaptive noise cancellation method is therefore presented. And then an improved spectral subtraction algorithm is further cascaded to obtain better enhancement results. Theoretic analysis and experiments indicate that the proposed scheme needs only a very small microphone array while it simultaneously achieves a higher SNR improvement. Besides, the proposed scheme can be used in many noisy environments and is easy for real-time implementation.