基于纳观域碳纳米管的太赫兹波天线研究

基于碳纳米管独特的结构特点建立了以其为基础的Pocklington积分方程,并设计了一种全新的碳纳米管太赫兹(THz)波天线.数值仿真和理论计算结果表明,碳纳米管能够产生高频THz电磁辐射,半波长为60μm、半径为2.712nm的单壁碳纳米管偶极天线在-10dB反射系数以下可以实现2.5THz与7.6THz的双频带工作,带宽分别为8.4%与2.7%,由其构成的纳米管天线阵可以获得10.3dB的高增益特性.所得结果有助于在纳观域开展高频THz波辐射源及天线的研究与设计. 关键词： 太赫兹波 碳纳米管 天线 辐射源     

单壁碳纳米管太赫兹超表面窄带吸收及其传感特性

由于碳纳米管具有优异的电学和光学特性,因此在光电子学领域具有广泛的应用前景.本文使用真空抽滤法,将单壁碳纳米管粉末分散液通过真空过滤的方式,制备了一种各向同性的单壁碳纳米管薄膜;进而提取了薄膜在0.4—2.0 THz范围内介电参数,并设计了一种基于单壁碳纳米管薄膜的新型太赫兹超表面窄带吸收器,这种超表面吸收器是由方形与工字形狭缝谐振器构成.实验和仿真结果表明,提出的太赫兹超表面吸收器在0.65,0.85,1.16和1.31 THz处存在4个明显的共振吸收峰,实现了最高可达90%的完美吸收.利用多重反射干涉理论阐明了这种多频带新型太赫兹超表面的吸收机制.通过在超表面器件表面覆盖具有不同折射率的介质层,深入研究了超表面作为折射率传感器的传感性能.研究结果表明,这种新型超表面吸收器用于折射率传感具有较高的灵敏度,为进一步开发新型碳基太赫兹超表面吸收器提供了新的思路和方案.     

介质填充浅槽周期结构表面上的太赫兹表面等离子体激元

通过在金属表面刻成浅的垂直凹槽,并在槽内填充不同的介质,对金属表面浅槽周期结构上传播的表面等离子体激元的色散特性与填充介质的关系进行了研究.研究表明通过在周期凹槽内填充介质可以有效降低人工表面等离子体激元的渐近频率,并增强金属表面对电磁场的约束.分析了太赫兹波段金属的吸收损耗对人工表面等离子体激元特性的影响,结果显示基于填充介质的浅槽周期表面结构可以获得长距离传输以及场的亚波长约束.通过对波传输的数值仿真,验证了该表面结构在太赫兹波段良好的导波能力.这种表面结构对太赫兹波段新型集成导波器件的设计具有参考价值.     

介质填充浅槽周期结构表面上的太赫兹表面等离子体激元

通过在金属表面刻成浅的垂直凹槽,并在槽内填充不同的介质,对金属表面浅槽周期结构上传播的表面等离子体激元的色散特性与填充介质的关系进行了研究.研究表明通过在周期凹槽内填充介质可以有效降低人工表面等离子体激元的渐近频率,并增强金属表面对电磁场的约束.分析了太赫兹波段金属的吸收损耗对人工表面等离子体激元特性的影响,结果显示基于填充介质的浅槽周期表面结构可以获得长距离传输以及场的亚波长约束.通过对波传输的数值仿真,验证了该表面结构在太赫兹波段良好的导波能力.这种表面结构对太赫兹波段新型集成导波器件的设计具有参考价值.     

太赫兹表面极化激元

作为束缚于表面或界面的电磁波与极性元激发的耦合模量子,表面极化激元是克服衍射极限的核心物理.在紫外、可见以及近红外波段,表面等离子极化激元展现出了亚波长特性,具有高分辨成像等应用,并发展成为"表面等离子极化激元亚波长光学"学科;在中红外波段,表面声子极化激元发挥着同样的作用.太赫兹波段曾是人类认识的空白区域,近三十年来得以高速发展,其战略意义重大.具有克服衍射极限能力的太赫兹表面极化激元同样是小型化与集成化太赫兹器件,以及太赫兹超高分辨成像的重要物理基础.近几年来,对以石墨烯为代表的二维材料的研究突飞猛进,诞生了"石墨烯表面等离子极化激元亚波长光学"这门学科,并贡献于太赫兹领域.本文对可在太赫兹波段工作的人工超构材料、掺杂半导体、二维电子气、二维材料、拓扑绝缘体等结构材料的表面极化激元进行了较为全面的总结与介绍,为研制克服衍射极限的太赫兹集成光子学器件提供可资借鉴的物理基础.     

碳纳米管辐射太赫兹波的理论分析与数值验证

基于简单紧束缚方法理论,利用一维碳纳米管的量子化周期边界条件得到了碳纳米管的电子能级结构关系.并结合已报道的碳纳米管中电子与声子相互作用的实验结果,得到了碳纳米管能够辐射太赫兹波的结论.通过数值结果验证了碳纳米管在外场作用下能够产生太赫兹波,并对数值计算结果中太赫兹波的振荡现象给予合理的解释.其结果为进行碳纳米管产生太赫兹辐射的实验研究提供深入的理论基础. 关键词： 太赫兹波 碳纳米管     

周期条状结构中长程表面等离子激元噪声特性分析(英文)

基于表面等离子激元自发辐射放大噪声系数理论,研究了长程表面等离子激元噪声系数变化规律,设计了嵌有金属条的长程表面等离子结构.数值模拟得到表面等离子及周期条状长程表面等离子的噪声系数变化规律.给出入射波长从0.5μm到1.75μm,每隔0.25μm的噪声特性,发现随着波长的增加噪声系数趋近于常数.仿真结果表明:表面等离子及长程表面等离子自发辐射放大的噪声系数随着增益介质增大而明显增强;周期条状长程表面等离子结构中,随着金属膜厚度以及金属条高度及个数增加导致噪声系数增加,其中金属膜厚度对于其作用较明显.     

金属网栅法布里珀罗干涉仪测量太赫兹波波长

设计并制作了用于测量波长大于150 μm(频率低于2 THz)的太赫兹波波长的金属网栅法布里珀罗干涉仪(FPI)。采用光电子微纳制造工艺制作了五组周期不大于40 μm,线宽不大于10 μm的有衬底方形金属网栅,利用太赫兹时域光谱技术测量了金属网栅的太赫兹波段光电特性,得到了各组金属网栅在感兴趣频段的反射率和金属网栅FPI的反射精细度,结果表明所制作的金属网栅FPI均可用于测量波长大于150 μm的太赫兹波。实验搭建金属网栅FPI扫描测量了212 μm的太赫兹波波长,与理论结果吻合。研究了金属网栅FPI对太赫兹波偏振方向的依赖性以及对FPI腔镜平行度的要求,结果表明,方形金属网栅FPI对正入射太赫兹波偏振方向不敏感,而对FPI腔镜平行度很敏感。     

太赫兹表面等离激元在轴向均匀三层波导系统中的单向传输(英文)

理论和数值研究了轴向均匀的三层波导系统中太赫兹表面等离子激元的单向传输行为,三层系统由厚度为d的高介电常数介质层插入到低介电常数介质层和磁光半导体层中间组成。计算结果表明,在外加磁场的作用下,系统存在单向传输的频段。通过金属微米粒子的耦合及调节磁光半导体区域的磁场方向,可以有效控制表面等离子体激元在三端口系统中的传播。     

亚波长金属块阵列中太赫兹波的传输特性研究

利用太赫兹时域光谱技术,研究了亚波长金属块阵列的太赫兹透射光谱特性及金属阵列结构的周期、金属块尺寸等因素对太赫兹透射特性的影响.结合时域有限差分方法,对实验结果进行了数值模拟,并分析了影响太赫兹透射的因素.结果表明:亚波长金属块阵列结构中,THz波的透射极小的位置由金属块的尺寸和周期决定,其透射谷的半高宽随其周期的增大而减小;透射峰值的位置由阵列的周期结构决定,其频率随周期的增加而减小;亚波长金属块结构的透射极小来源于金属块表面局域化电场等离子体的本征频率反射,该局域化电场与金属块结构密切相关,通过改变金属块结构,可以改变其表面电场分布与局域化.研究结果为研制太赫兹波段带阻滤波器提供了有益的参考.     

SIMULATION OF CARBON NANOTUBE THz ANTENNA ARRAYS

A novel THz antenna structure, made of carbon nanotube arrays is suggested. Using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO (CST MWS), the capabilities of carbon nanotube terahertz (THz) antenna arrays have been simulated. The dependence of gain, upon geometrical factors, e.g., nanotube diameter, nanotube length and the inter-tubes distance, is shown. The directivity patterns of antenna arrays and the surface current distribution of an antenna have been shown by simulation. These results could be used in the design of carbon nanotube THz antenna arrays.     

Field-modulated carrier transport in carbon nanotube transistors

We have investigated the electrical transport properties of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors as a function of channel length, gate dielectric film thickness, and dielectric material. Our experiments show that the bulk properties of the semiconducting carbon nanotubes do not limit the current flow through the metal/nanotube/metal system. Instead, our results can be understood in the framework of gate and source-drain field induced modulation of the nanotube band structure at the source contact. The existence of one-dimensional Schottky barriers at the metal/nanotube interface determines the device performance and results in an unexpected scaling behavior.     

Plasmonic interactions between a metallic nanotube array and a thin metallic film

Using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method, we numerically simulate the plasmonic interactions and the optical properties of a metallic nanotube array near a thin metallic film. We show that the energies and intensities of the plasmon resonances depend strongly on the aspect ratio (the ratio of the inner to outer radius) of the nanotube, the separation between the center of the nanotube and the upper surface of the metallic film and the thickness of the film. In the thin film limit, the high-energy localized tube-related plasmons can induce their images on both sides of the metallic film, so the degeneracy state splits into two modes. Based on the nature of the field distribution, we also show clearly the plasmon resonant characteristics that the electromagnetic fields decay away from the surface of the nanotubes and both sides of the metallic film.     

Optical response of tunable terahertz plasmon in a grating-gated graphene transistor

Tunable terahertz plasmon in a graphene-based device with a grating serving as a top gate is studied. Transmission spectra exhibit a distinct peak in the terahertz region when the terahertz electric field is perpendicular to the grating fingers.Our results show that the extinction in the transmission of single-layer graphene shields beyond 80%. Electronic results further show that the graphene plasmon can be weakly adjusted by tuning the gate voltage. Theoretical calculation also implies that the plasmon frequency of graphene can fall into the terahertz region of 1–2 THz by improving the sustaining ability and capacitance of the top gate.     

多壁碳纳米管太赫兹图谱研究

近年来碳纳米管是一个重要的研究领域,但研究重点主要是其电子、光学和机械等特性。尽管有关单壁碳纳米管的在远红外光谱已有诸多报道,但多壁碳纳米管这方面的研究却较少。试验采用太赫兹时域光谱系统对多壁碳纳米管进行表征,同时也用扫描电镜对其进行形貌检测和微区成分分析,以深入了解其特性。检测结果显示,在0.2～2.0 THz内,样品折射率随着频率的增加而减小,吸收系数却随着频率的增加而增加,并可以拟合斜率为1.92的直线;样品的内径为5～15 nm、外径为15～25 nm,且长度达到了微米级,样品含C量大约为94%,其他为O和Cl杂质元素。根据泰勒扩展式和麦克斯韦方程,得到了样品在该太赫兹频域内吸收的数学模型,该数学模型基本上与检测结果一致。该样品的太赫兹吸收特性主要取决于其化学组成和分子的大小,含C量不同的碳纳米管预示着具有不同的太赫兹图谱和独特的功能。     

Induced electric fields and plasmonic interactions between a metallic nanotube and a thin metallic film

We have numerically simulated the induced electric fields and the plasmonic interactions of a metallic nanotube near a thin metallic film. Our study shows that the energies and intensities of the plasmon resonances depend strongly on the aspect ratio (the ratio of the inner to outer radius) of the nanotube as well as the separation between the center of the nanotube and the upper surface of the metallic film and the thickness of the film. The enhancement of the induced electric field of this system reaches ...     

太赫兹表面等离激元共振传感器

对通过棱镜耦合的太赫兹表面等离激元共振传感器的工作特性进行了理论分析.此类器件在可见光波段工作时,在由样品折射率、金属膜层性质和厚度决定的共振角度下会出现一个反射极小峰;但工作在太赫兹频率时,表面等离激元共振现象表现为一个反射增强的尖峰,而且这一共振角度与棱镜和样品的折射率之间存在一个简单的对应关系,并不依赖于棱镜所镀...     

Optical response of small-diameter semiconducting carbon nanotubes under exciton-surface-plasmon coupling

We analyze the optical response of small-diameter (?1 nm) semiconducting carbon nanotubes under the exciton-surface-plasmon coupling. Calculated optical absorption lineshapes exhibit the significant line (Rabi) splitting ∼0.1-0.3 eV as the exciton energy is tuned to the nearest interband surface plasmon resonance of the nanotube so that the mixed strongly coupled surface plasmon-exciton excitations are formed. We discuss possible ways to bring the exciton in resonance with the surface plasmon. The exciton-plasmon Rabi splitting effect we predict here for an individual carbon nanotube is close in its magnitude to that previously reported for hybrid plasmonic nanostructures artificially fabricated of organic semiconductors deposited on metallic films. We believe this effect may be used for the development of carbon nanotube based tunable optoelectronic device applications in areas such as nanophotonics and cavity quantum electrodynamics.     

Surface exciton-plasmons and optical response of small-diameter carbon nanotubes

We study theoretically the interactions of excitonic states with surface electromagnetic modes of small-diameter (≲1 nm) semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes. We show that these interactions can result in strong exciton-surface-plasmon coupling. The exciton absorption lineshape exhibits the line (Rabi) splitting ∼0.1–0.3 eV as the exciton energy is tuned to the nearest interband surface plasmon resonance of the nanotube so that the mixed strongly coupled surface plasmon-exciton excitations are formed. We discuss possible ways to bring the exciton in resonance with the surface plasmon. The exciton-plasmon Rabi splitting effect we predict here for an individual carbon nanotube is close in its magnitude to that previously reported for hybrid plasmonic nanostructures artificially fabricated of organic semiconductors deposited on metallic films. We expect this effect to open up paths to new tunable optoelectronic device applications of semiconducting carbon nanotubes.