推广的Glauber理论及其在晕核散射中的应用

介绍了推广到晕核散射的Glauber理论,并用其研究晕核¹⁴Be的散射问题.弹核的密度分布分别采用谐振子密度分布和相对论平均场理论计算得到具有两个晕中子结构的密度分布,对晕核模型的多重积分采用蒙特卡洛数值积分方法.计算了不同能量下¹⁴Be,¹²Be与靶核¹²C散射的反应截面,并与实验结果进行比较,¹⁴Be的两个中子采用具有晕中子密度分布的理论计算与实验符合较好,而采用不具有晕中子密度分布的结果与实验值相差较大.     

单粒子势模型下价核子的密度分布

依据实验事实，利用单粒子势模型，计算了一些核态外层价核子的密度分布.计算给出了价核子在核外部分布的概率和贡献，以此作为晕核态的判断标准.通过研究均方根半径随结合能变化的规律，指出了晕核态存在的条件，尤其是质子晕核态存在的条件.这些对判断和寻找晕核态有现实的指导意义. 关键词： 单粒子势模型 价核子 密度分布 中子晕核态 质子晕核态     

密度分布形式对Glauber模型计算σR的影响

描述了利用Glauber模型计算反应截面的一种方法 .该方法对Glauber模型中输入的密度分布形式进行了修正 ,计算了丰质子同中子核素 (N =3 )的激发函数 .对于该同中子素链 ,采用修正的密度分布得到的激发函数与HO分布得到的激发函数相比 ,在大于 1 0 0MeV/u的能量区域 ,两者都与实验值符合得很好 ,而在中能区 (小于 1 0 0MeV/u) ,用修正的密度分布计算得到的激发函数与实验值之间的差距较HO分布明显减小 ,并保持对所有计算的核核芯密度基本相同 .     

密度分布形式对Glauber模型计算δR的影响

描述了利用Glauber模型计算反应截面的一种方法。该方法对Glauber模型中输入的密度分布形式进行了修正，计算了丰质子同中子核素（N=3）的激发函数。对于该同中子素链，采用修正的密度分布得到的激发函数与HO分布得到的激发函数要比，在大于100MeV/u的能量区域，两者都与实验值符合很好，而在中能区（小于100MeV/u)，用修正的密度分布计算得到的激发函数与实验值之间的差距较HO分布明显减小，并保持对所有计算的核核芯密度基本相同。     

原子核壳模型单体密度矩阵的数值计算

提出平均场壳模型下原子核单体密度矩阵的一种计算方法,验证该方法的可靠性.计算双幻核⁴⁰Ca,⁹⁰Zr的单体密度矩阵,利用单体密度矩阵计算核子密度分布和动量分布,并分别与Hartree-Fock-Bogolubov理论结果、定域费米气体模型结果以及实验数据进行比较.     

原子核裂变的宏观模型计算

用密度可变的连续介质模型计算了A≥100区域β稳定核宏观位能曲面,得到了合理的裂变位垒高度,预言了鞍点态裂变核电荷的双重心分布.     

变形核的电荷密度分布

本文应用原子核的宏观模型提出了一种比较简单的计算变形核电荷密度的方法.具体计算了¹⁹²Os、¹⁵⁴Gd、¹⁵²Sm、¹⁷⁴Yb、及^{144,148,150,152}Sm等原子核的电荷密度分布.结果表明,宏观模型计算的结果能较好地与实验测量结果相符合.因此,只要根据变形核基态到各转动态跃迁几率或电多极矩的实验值,则可按本文方法,从理论上预言变形核的电荷密度分布.     

丰中子奇异核17B的实验研究

在兰州重离子加速器国家实验室(HIRFL)放射性次级束流线(RIBLL)上,用束流透射法测量了丰中子奇异核¹⁷B与C靶反应的总截面.假定¹⁷B具有¹⁵B(核芯)＋2n结构,采用Gauss＋HO形式的密度分布和零力程Glauber模型进行计算的结果可以很好地拟合实验数据,并得出¹⁷B的密度分布有一个很大的弥散,表明¹⁷B是双中子晕核. 关键词： 丰中子奇异核 反应总截面 Glauber模型 密度分布     

(p,n)准弹性散射与G-P核密度分布

利用微观Lane模型对⁹⁰Zr和¹¹⁶Sn核的(p,n)准弹性散射微分截面进行了分析计算.着重考察微观光学势和同位旋耦合势中包含的核密度分布函数及相应的参数.在整个微观计算中没有任何可调参数.结果表明,新近提出的G-P分布及给定的参数可以提供对核密度的合理描述,能够满足(p,n)过程微观分析的要求.     

中能Abrasion-Ablation模型的核内核子密度分布修正

将具体的核内核子(包括中子、质子)密度分布引入到中能Abrasion-Ablation模型中,用修正后的模型计算了30MeV/u ⁴⁰Ar+^natAg反应中的弹核碎裂过程.结果表明,在非常周边的碰撞中,修正后的模型计算的碎片截面与修正前的计算相比有明显的差别,反映了核密度边缘弥散的影响.与实验结果的比较验证了中能弹核碎裂碎片能量相对于束流能量的降低是由摩擦作用引起的.     

Level density and radiative strength functions from (n th,2γ) reactions and basic properties of the 96Mo nucleus

Published data on the intensities of two-step cascades to 12 final-state levels of the ⁹⁶Mo nucleus are approximated by using a set of possible random dependences of the level density and radiative strength functions for primary E1 and M1 transitions. The average values of these parameters of gamma decay for any excitation energies and for gamma transitions agree well with basic dependences revealed to date from similar experiments for 42 nuclei in the mass-number range 40 ≤ A ≤ 200, but they are inconsistent with the generally accepted ideas of the parameters of the cascade gamma decay of compound states of nuclei having high level densities.     

Oxygen-induced reactions at 60A GeV and 200A GeV studied by calorimetry

Results based on calorimetric measurements are presented from reactions of 60A GeV and 200A GeV¹⁶O projectiles with C, Cu, Ag, and Au nuclei. Minimum-bias cross sections are discussed. Energy spectra measured at zero degrees and transverse-energy distributions for the pseudorapidity range 2.4≦η≤5.5 are shown. An analysis of the average transverse energy in terms of the number of participating nucleons and the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions is presented. Estimates of nuclear stopping and of attained energy densities are made.     

Preequilibrium model of photonucleon reactions that is based on Fermi gas densities

A combination of the exciton and evaporation models is used to describe photonucleon reactions induced in heavy and medium-mass nuclei by photons of energy in the range 7 ≤ E _γ ≤ 140 MeV. The formation of a giant dipole resonance and quasideuteron absorption are considered as two mechanisms that are responsible for the photoexcitation of a nucleus in the energy regions E _γ ? 20 MeV and E _γ ? 40 MeV, respectively. As is well known, the densities of particle-hole states are employed in the exciton model, and these quantities are calculated on the basis of the Fermi gas model. This makes it possible to take into account the effect of the energy dependence of single-particle and single-hole densities of states on the rate of emission and intranuclear processes. The model in question is applied to describing partial photonucleon cross sections for ¹¹⁹Sn, ¹⁴⁰Ce, ¹⁸¹Ta, and ²⁰⁸Pb nuclei.     

Estimating the occupation probabilities of single-particle orbits in nuclei

Occupation probabilities of neutron and proton single-particle orbits are estimated for a number of spherical and close to spherical nuclei with 20 ≤ Z ≤ 50 and 20 ≤ N ≤ 82 near the Fermi energy. The estimates are made according to the formula of the BCS theory with single-particle energies calculated using the mean-field model with dispersive optical potential. The closeness of the occupation probabilities to 0 and 1 is demonstrated for nuclei with traditional and new magic numbers.     

An angle-dependent potential and alpha-decay half-lives ofdeformed nuclei for 67≤Z≤91

The half-lives of deformed nuclei are reported for 67≤Z≤91. We consider an angle-dependent potential which yields multiple approximations. The results are in better agreement with the experimental data when the multiple approximation is solely considered for the daughter nuclei.     

Magic numbers of ultraheavy nuclei

For nuclei where the number of protons lies in the range 76 ≤ Z ≤ 400, proton and neutron shell corrections are calculated along the beta-stability line described by Green’s formula. The magic numbers of protons and neutrons are determined for ultraheavy nuclei. Alpha-decay half-lives and fission barriers are estimated for ultraheavy doubly magic nuclei.     

Experimental arguments in favor of refining model ideas of the cascade gamma decay of a compound state of a complex nucleus

An analysis of the entire body of data on the intensities of two-step gamma cascades studied in thermal-neutron capture for more than 50 nuclei from the range 27 ≤ A ≤ 199 suggests that such processes should be described in terms of model concepts that are much more involved than those currently adopted by experimentalists. According to the results of this analysis, models of relevant parameters, such as the density of excited levels and radiative strength functions for dipole gamma transitions, should take into account more explicitly the coexistence and interaction of quasiparticle and phonon interactions. A direct inclusion of the idea that a second-order phase transition occurs and affects not only level densities but also radiative strength functions for dipole transitions may prove to be necessary. These conclusions concern primarily the excitation-energy region below a value of about 0.5B _n .     

Decay of heavy and superheavy nuclei

We present here, an overview and progress of the theoretical works on the isomeric state α decay, α decay fine structure of even–even, even–odd, odd–even and odd–odd nuclei, a study on the feasibility of observing α decay chains from the isotopes of the superheavy nuclei Z = 115 in the range 271 ≤A ≤ 294 and the isotopes of Z = 117 in the range 270 ≤A ≤ 301, within the Coulomb and proximity potential model for deformed nuclei (CPPMDN). The computed half-lives of the favoured and unfavoured α decay of nuclei in the range 67 ≤Z ≤ 91 from both the ground state and isomeric state, are in good agreement with the experimental data and the standard deviation of half-life is found to be 0.44. From the α fine structure studies done on various ranges of nuclei, it is evident that, for nearly all the transitions, the theoretical values show good match with the experimental values. This reveals that CPPMDN is successful in explaining the fine structure of even–even, even–odd, odd–even and odd–odd nuclei. Our studies on the α decay of the superheavy nuclei ^271?294115 and ^270?301117 predict 4 α chains consistently from ^284,285,286115 nuclei and 5α chains and 3α chains consistently from ^288?291117 and ²⁹²117, respectively. We thus hope that these studies on ^284?286115 and ^288?292117 will be a guide to future experiments.     

Bremsstrahlung neutrino energy loss for ~(24)Mg, ~(28)Si, ~(32)S, ~(40)Ca, ~(56)Fe in strong electron screening

Based on WeinbergoSalam theory the bremsstrahlung neutrino energy loss for nuclei ~(24)Mg, ~(28)Si, ~(32)S, ~(40)Ca and ~(56)Fe are investigated in strong electron screening. Our results are compared with those of Dicus' and show that the latter are higher by 2 orders of magnitude in the density-temperature region of 10~8 g/cm~3 ≤ρ/μ_e≤10~(11) g/cm~3 and 2.5 ≤ T_9 ≤4.5. On the other hand, the factor C shows that the maximum differences are 99.16%, 99.13%, 99.12%, 99.055%, 99.040% corresponding to the nuclei ~(24)Mg, ~(28)Si, ~(32)S, ~(40)Ca and ~(56)Fe.